Agricultural and forestry trade drives large share of tropical deforestation emissions     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

Deforestation, the second largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, is largely driven by expanding forestry and agriculture. However, despite agricultural expansion being increasingly driven by foreign demand, the links between deforestation and foreign demand for agricultural commodities have only been partially mapped. Here we present a pan-tropical quantification of carbon emissions from deforestation associated with the expansion of agriculture and forest plantations, and trace embodied emissions through global supply chains to consumers. We find that in the period 2010–2014, expansion of agriculture and tree plantations into forests across the tropics was associated with net emissions of approximately 2.6 gigatonnes carbon dioxide per year. Cattle and oilseed products account for over half of these emissions. Europe and China are major importers, and for many developed countries, deforestation emissions embodied in imports rival or exceed emissions from domestic agriculture. Depending on the trade model used, 29–39% of deforestation-related emissions were driven by international trade. This is substantially higher than the share of fossil carbon emissions embodied in trade, indicating that efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change need to consider the role of international demand in driving deforestation. Additionally, we find that deforestation emissions are similar to, or larger than, other emissions in the carbon footprint of key forest-risk commodities. Similarly, deforestation emissions constitute a substantial share (˜15%) of the total carbon footprint of food consumption in EU countries. This highlights the need for consumption-based accounts to include emissions from deforestation, and for the implementation of policy measures that cross these international supply-chains if deforestation emissions are to be effectively reduced.  相似文献   

Forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics under natural forest protection program in northeastern China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Yawei Wei  Dapao Yu  Bernard Joseph Lewis  Li Zhou  Wangming Zhou  Xiangmin Fang  Wei Zhao  Shengnan Wu  Limin Dai 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):397-405

The Natural Forest Protection(NFP) program is one of the Six Key Forestry Projects which were adopted by the Chinese Government since the 1980s to address important natural issues in China. It advanced to protecting and restoring the structures and functions of the natural forests through sustainable forest management. However, the role of forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics since the adoption of the NFP remains unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study calculated forest carbon storage(tree, understory, forest floor and soil) in the forest region of northeastern(NE) China based on National Forest Inventory databases and field investigated databases. For tree biomass, this study utilized an improved method for biomass estimation that converts timber volume to total forest biomass; while for understory, forest floor and soil carbon storage, this study utilized forest type-specific mean carbon densities multiplied by their areas in the region. Results showed that the tree carbon pool under the NFP in NE China functioned as a carbon sink from 1998 to 2008, with an increase of 6.3 Tg C/yr, which was mainly sequestrated by natural forests(5.1 Tg C/yr). At the same time, plantations also acted as a carbon sink, reflecting an increase of 1.2 Tg C/yr. In 2008, total carbon storage in forests covered by the NFP in NE China was 4603.8 Tg C, of which 4393.3 Tg C was stored in natural forests and 210.5 Tg C in planted forests. Soil was the largest carbon storage component, contributing 69.5%–77.8% of total carbon storage; followed by tree and forest floor, accounting for 16.3%–23.0% and 5.0%–6.5% of total carbon storage, respectively. Understory carbon pool ranged from 1.9 to 42.7 Tg C, accounting for only 0.9% of total carbon storage.  相似文献   

2015–2020 Geological Survey Program of China Geological Survey Bureau     

HAO Ziguo  FEI Hongcai  HAO Qingqing  LIU Lian  and Susan TURNER 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(6):1917-1919

正On 1–5 September 2014,the China Geological Survey Bureau held a 2015–2020 Geology and Mineral Resources Investigation and Assessment Special Planning and Deployment Meeting to plan the next six years in order to invest nearly ten billion US dollars to implement 9 programs and 50 projects with the aim of developing geological survey work,and to play a leading role in ensuring sustained and stable development.1 The Land Energy and Mines Geological Survey Program  相似文献   

Calibration of area based diameter distribution with individual tree based diameter estimates using airborne laser scanning     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2014

Diameter distribution is essential for calculating stem volume and timber assortments of forest stands. A new method was proposed in this study to improve the estimation of stem volume and timber assortments, by means of combining the Area-based approach (ABA) and individual tree detection (ITD), the two main approaches to deriving forest attributes from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. Two methods, replacement, and histogram matching were employed to calibrate ABA-derived diameter distributions with ITD-derived diameter estimates at plot level. The results showed that more accurate estimates were obtained when calibrations were applied. In view of the highest accuracy between ABA and ITD, calibrated diameter distributions decreased its relative RMSE of the estimated entire growing stock, saw log and pulpwood fractions by 2.81%, 3.05% and 7.73% points at best, respectively. Calibration improved pulpwood fraction significantly, which contributed to the negligible bias of the estimated entire growing stock.  相似文献   

Design and Implementation of the Hydrographic Production and Management Information System (HYPAMIS)     

Deren Li  Haigang Sui  Xinyan Zhu  Jianya Gong 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):137-157

With the development of hydrographic work and information techniques, the traditional work mode is not suitable for the Chinese Marine Safety Administration Bureau (CMSAB). Aiming at the separation of charts production and management, a new idea that is the integration of production, management, and quality control is presented. Geographic Information System (GIS), Management Information System (MIS), Office Automation (OA) and Spatial Database Management (SDM) advanced techniques are introduced into the workflows in CMSAB. To realize information sharing, a mixed mode with Browser/Server (B/S) mode and Client/Serve (C/S) mode are adopted. Based on the above ideas and strategies, an integrated system named Hydrographic Production And Management Information System (HYPAMIS) was developed. The whole workflow and three subworkflows including survey management workflow, production workflow, and quality control workflow of are outlined after re-engineering the CMSAB organization. Some design principles and key techniques of the HYPAMIS including the cooperation of GIS and MIS, object-oriented spatial data model and management, data management based on database, and security control are illustrated in detail. Then the implementation of the system is introduced briefly. Finally, performance evaluation of the system and future work is given.  相似文献   

组建陕西煤田地质勘查集团公司的实践与思考     

张东成 《中国煤炭地质》2010,(4):73-76

地勘单位以建立现代企业制度为总体目标,实施企业化、规模化、集团化运作模式的体制改革,是地勘单位顺利实现事企转型与可持续发展的必由之路。结合陕西省地勘单位改革工作实际,探讨了陕西省煤田地质局事企改革的基础与必要性。在充分调研的基础上,组建了"以清晰的产权关系为基础,以完善的企业法人制度为核心,以现代企业制度为主要特征"的企业集团—陕西煤田地质勘查开发集团公司。该集团公司将以资本为纽带构筑母子公司管理体制,其中以陕西煤田地质勘查有限责任公司为母公司,由陕西省煤田地质局出资设立,局领导下的各单位以主营业务或经营性资产组建有限责任公司,作为陕西煤田地质勘查有限责任公司的子公司。陕西煤田地质勘查开发有限责任公司作为集团公司的核心企业,代表集团公司行使管理职能,并以其组建的决策中心、投融资中心、信息中心、项目招投标中心、科技开发中心和资金结算中心等实体,代表集团公司参与市场竞争。  相似文献   

福建省数字林业工程建设模式及应用研究     

陈星  肖胜 《地球信息科学学报》2007,9(5):1-7

本文以福建省数字林业工程建设实践为例,研究了信息化标准体系、信息共享与集成服务平台技术、行业基础地理数据、信息安全和信息化人才队伍等基础项目先行的建设模式。以资源优化和信息共享为主线,提出了(1)运用先进的XML&Web Services核心技术的信息交换和共享的整体解决方案,实现信息资源的整合和信息共享;(2)标准先行的建设思想,通过制定信息化标准,规范和指导数字林业工程建设,整合资源、最大限度地发挥投资效益,为数字林业建设和发展奠定良好的技术环境和基础;(3)加强基础数据建设,促进信息化的应用;(4)强调人才队伍建设的基础性作用,提高信息化工程的整体应用水平。结合福建省数字林业工程建设实际,系统地论述了区域行业建设的目标任务、指导思想、建设原则、组织管理、保障措施以及重点业务应用系统,满足当前林业信息化建设的需要。  相似文献