川西高寒山地土壤有机碳与铁、铝矿物复合体分布特征     

车明轩  吴强  方浩  康成芳  吕宸  许蔓菁  宫渊波 《地理学报》2022,77(1):93-105

为了量化川西高寒山地土壤与铁、铝矿物相关的有机碳含量以及探讨川西高寒山地土壤铁、铝矿物对有机碳稳定性和累积方式的影响,采用选择性提取法研究了川西高寒山地的山地灰化土（MP)和高山草甸土（AM）中土壤有机碳与晶质金属氧化物（DH）提取、短程有序（HH）提取、矿物复合体以及有机—金属配合物（PP）提取中的有机碳和铁、铝的分布。结果表明,MP中DH,HH和PP提取的碳含量分别为(10.91±6.23) g/kg、(5.92±1.66) g/kg和(8.76±2.29) g/kg,分别占有机碳的20.92%,12.07%和19.93%;而AM中DH、HH和PP提取的碳含量分别为(9.05±1.33) g/kg、(5.52±1.02) g/kg和(9.12±3.21) g/kg,分别占有机碳的21.04%、12.47%和19.34%。3种提取剂提取的碳含量以及其占有机碳的百分比在MP和AW的A层土壤中均表现为PP > DH > HH,而在B层土壤中则表现为DH > PP ≈ HH。随着土壤深度的增加,深层土壤中次级矿物和晶体矿物丰度的显著增加,导致有机碳与铁、铝矿物复合体由有机—金属配合物主导转变为有机碳与晶质金属氧化物形成的复合体主导。PP提取的碳和其所占有机碳的百分比表现为A层高于B层,而DH和HH提取的碳含量和其所占有机碳的百分比大体表现为A层低于B层。由于MP特殊的土壤性质,这种差异在MP中更为明显。3种提取剂提取的金属（Al+Fe）含量在两种土壤中均表现为DH > HH > PP。而其提取的碳与金属的摩尔比表现为DH < HH < PP,说明随着铁、铝矿物的结晶度增加,其与有机质的作用从共沉淀、络合而向吸附作用转变。DH,HH和PP提取的碳与SOC的相关分析表明,MP中土壤有机碳的累积在一定程度上受晶质铁、铝矿物与有机质的相互作用而驱动;AM中土壤有机碳的累积在一定程度上受短程有序矿物与有机质的相互作用以及有机—金属配合物的驱动。本文研究表明,土壤中的铁、铝矿物与有机碳形成的复合体在一定程度上驱动着川西高寒山地土壤有机碳的积累,不同土壤类型中,与矿物相关的有机碳的分布不同,其有机碳的积累方式也不同。  相似文献   

疏勒河源冻土区高寒草甸土壤碳氮含量特征     

贾映兰  吴明辉  魏培洁  赵建中  高雅月  陈生云 《中国沙漠》2022,42(4):219-228

土壤碳氮是高寒植被响应多年冻土区生态环境变化的重要营养和能源物质,但对其调查仍以生长季的单次采样为主,缺乏对其他季节的研究,这对于准确把握多年冻土区土壤碳氮含量及储量评估存在明显局限性。为此,本研究以青藏高原东北缘祁连山西段疏勒河源多年冻土区高寒草甸为对象,对0—50 cm土层土壤有机碳（Soil Organic Carbon, SOC）、全氮（Total Nitrogen, TN）含量及其比值（C/N）的剖面分布和季节变化及其影响因素进行分析。结果表明：（1）SOC、TN剖面分布规律一致,0—10 cm土层均显著高于10—50 cm各层（P<0.05）,0—50 cm深度仅秋季逐渐下降,而春夏冬季0—30 cm递减。（2）SOC、TN含量存在季节变化,SOC表现为夏季>冬季>春季>秋季,TN表现为春秋冬季含量一致,夏季略低。（3）C/N季节变化显著,夏季显著最高,秋季显著最低（P<0.05）。（4）土壤含水量和生物量是影响SOC、TN及C/N剖面分布和季节变化的关键因素。（5）夏季土壤碳氮密度均高于全年平均。可见,仅单一节点（生长季为主）调查以表征全年土壤碳氮储量存在高估趋势。  相似文献   

长白山高山苔原研究的进展——献给中华人民共和国建国50周年   总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0  

黄锡畴 《地理科学》1999,19(1):1-9

长白山高山苔原是我国唯一典型的极在自然景观类型。论述了１９５９年发现高山苔原的背景和依据。对高山苔原生态系统各组成要素的物理,生物,化学特性和过程以及与国外若干苔原比较研究的进展,作了回顾和综述。  相似文献   

Depositional and structural evolution of a foreland basin margin in a magnetostratigraphic framework: the eastern Swiss Molasse Basin   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

O. Kempf  A. Matter  D. W. Burbank  M. Mange 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(2):253-275

 This integrated study of the sedimentology, magnetostratigraphic chronology and petrography of the mostly continental clastics of the Oligocene to Miocene Swiss Molasse Basin underpins a reconstruction of facies architecture and delineates relationships between the depositional evolution of a foreland-basin margin and exhumation phases and orogenic events in the adjacent orogen. A biostratigraphically based high-resolution magnetostratigraphy provides a detailed temporal framework and covers nearly the whole stratigraphic record of the Molasse Basin (31.5–13 Ma). Three transverse alluvial fan systems evolved at the southern basin margin. They are characterized by distinct petrographic compositions and document the exhumation and denudation history of the growing eastern Swiss Alps. Enhanced northward propagation of the orogenic wedge is interpreted to have occurred between 31.5 and 26 Ma. During the period 24–19 Ma, intense in-sequence and out-of-sequence thrusting took place as Molasse strata were accreted to the orogenic wedge. A third active tectonic phase, possibly caused by backthrusting of the Plateau Molasse, probably occurred between ca. 15 and 13 Ma. Fan head migration between 31.5 and 13 Ma is probably controlled by the structural evolution of the thrust front due to Molasse accretion and backthrusting. Received: 11 March 1998 / Accepted: 12 March 1999  相似文献   

翻耕补播对青藏高原疏勒河上游高寒草甸土壤可培养微生物数量的影响     

张宝贵  赵宇婷  刘晓娇  刘敏  张威  陈拓  刘光琇 《冰川冻土》2020,42(3):1027-1035

高寒草甸是青藏高原面积最大的草地类型, 对全球生态环境的影响十分巨大。然而在外界干扰下, 使得本身就很脆弱的高寒草甸发生了不同程度的退化。为探究翻耕补播对土壤微生物的影响, 以疏勒河上游不同季节（4月、 6月、 9月）原生高寒草甸、 退化草甸和翻耕补播草甸土壤为对象, 研究了土壤可培养细菌数量的季节变化及其影响因素。结果表明： 研究区域可培养细菌数量介于4.3×10⁶ ~ 4.5×10⁷ CFU·g^-1之间, 不同季节退化草甸与翻耕补播草甸土壤细菌数量均显著低于原生高寒草甸, 且不同类型高寒草甸生态系统下可培养细菌具有明显的季节差异： 原生高寒草甸生态系统下土壤细菌在6月生物量最高, 4月最低; 而退化草甸与翻耕补播草甸土壤细菌生物量并没有表现出明显的季节波动; 相关分析表明, 可培养细菌数量与土壤全氮、 植被盖度及土壤含水量存在极显著正相关关系。研究发现, 翻耕补播措施并没有恢复该区域微生物数量, 研究结果对于认识高寒草甸生态系统的退化成因, 判断恢复措施的有效性和合理性具有重要意义。  相似文献   

The role of structural inheritance in continental break-up and exhumation of Alpine Tethyan mantle(Canavese Zone,Western Alps)     

Andrea Festa  Gianni Balestro  Alessandro Borghi  Sara De Caroli  Andrea Succo 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):167-188

The Canavese Zone(CZ)in the Western Alps represents the remnant of the distal passive margin of the Adria microplate,which was stretched and thinned during the Jurassic opening of the Alpine Tethys.Through detailed geological mapping,stratigraphic and structural analyses,we document that the continental break-up of Pangea and tectonic dismemberment of the Adria distal margin,up to mantle rocks exhumation and oceanization,did not simply result from the syn-rift Jurassic extension but was strongly favored by older structu ral inheritances(the Proto-Canavese Shear Zone),which controlled earlier lithospheric weakness.Our findings allowed to redefine in detail(i)the tectono-stratigraphic setting of the Variscan metamorphic basement and the Late Carbonife rous to Early Cretaceous CZ succession,(ii)the role played by inherited Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic structures and(iii)the significance of the CZ in the geodynamic evolution of the Alpine Tethys.The large amount of extensional displacement and crustal thinning occurred during different pulses of Late Carbonife rous-Early Triassic strike-slip tectonics is wellconsistent with the role played by long-lived regional-scale wrench faults(e.g.,the East-Variscan Shear Zone),suggesting a re-discussion of models of mantle exhumation driven by low-angle detachment faults as unique efficient mechanism in stretching and thinning continental crust.  相似文献   

Environmental and spatial patterns as drivers of littoral macroinvertebrate assemblages in patchily distributed mountain lakes: Contribution to typology design     

《Limnologica》2017

Biological assemblages are affected by both environmental and spatial processes. Spatial autocorrelation can be specially marked in discrete ecosystems patchily distributed over a large region (e.g., lakes arranged in districts). Lake typologies are exclusively based on environmental features, but we hardly know to what extent spatial patterns can hinder their implementation. We analysed the role of environmental factors and spatial autocorrelation in shaping littoral macroinvertebrate communities of 51 mountain lakes from a large Spanish region in order to test: 1) the suitability of the variables currently used to construct typologies; 2) the influence of spatial patterns on typology implementation. Biologically meaningful types of lakes were created and described by means of cluster analysis (Jaccard index) and multiple discriminant analysis. Water permanence, substrate type and vegetation were the main drivers of the assemblage composition. The cluster analysis and Mantel tests showed that spatial patterns did not generally hamper recognizing lake types. Only in the district with lakes closest to each other (Sanabria Natural Park), spatial autocorrelation was strong enough to overcome the effects of some factors (substrate type), but not others (water permanence).  相似文献   

Long‐range terrestrial laser scanning for geomorphological change detection in alpine terrain – handling uncertainties          下载免费PDF全文

Christine Fey  Volker Wichmann 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(5):789-802

Long‐range terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) is an emerging method for the monitoring of alpine slopes in the vicinity of infrastructure. Nevertheless, deformation monitoring of alpine natural terrain is difficult and becomes even more challenging with larger scan distances. In this study we present approaches for the handling of spatially variable measurement uncertainties in the context of geomorphological change detection using multi‐temporal data sets. A robust distance measurement is developed, which deals with surface roughness and areas of lower point densities. The level of detection (LOD), i.e. the threshold distinguishing between real surface change and data noise, is based on a confidence interval considering the spatial variability of TLS errors caused by large laser footprints, low incidence angles and surface roughness. Spatially variable positional uncertainties are modelled for each point according to its range and the object geometry hit. The local point cloud roughness is estimated in the distance calculation process from the variance of least‐squares fitted planes. Distance calculation and LOD assessment are applied in two study areas in the Eastern Alps (Austria) using multi‐temporal laser scanning data sets of slopes surrounding reservoir lakes. At Finstertal, two TLS point clouds of high alpine terrain and scanned from ranges between 300 and 1800 m are compared. At Gepatsch, the comparison is done between an airborne laser scanning (ALS) and a TLS point cloud of a vegetated mountain slope scanned from ranges between 600 and 3600 m. Although these data sets feature different conditions regarding the scan setup and the surface conditions, the presented approach makes it possible to reliably analyse the geomorphological activity. This includes the automatic detection of rock glacier movement, rockfall and debris slides, even in areas where a difference in vegetation cover could be observed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Channelization of a large Alpine river: what is left of its original morphodynamics?          下载免费PDF全文

Vittoria Scorpio  Simone Zen  Walter Bertoldi  Nicola Surian  Marco Mastronunzio  Elena Dai Prá  Guido Zolezzi  Francesco Comiti 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(5):1044-1062

The Adige River drains 12 200 km² of the Eastern Alps and flows for 213 km within this mountain range. Similar to other large rivers in Central Europe, the Adige River was subject to massive channelization works during the 19th century. Thanks to the availability of several historical maps, this river represents a very valuable case study to document the extent to which the morphology of the river changed due to channelization and to understand how much is left of its original morphodynamics. The study was based on the analysis of seven sets of historical maps dating from 1803–1805 to 1915–1927, on geomorphological analysis, on the application of mathematical morphodynamic theories and on the application of bar and channel pattern prediction models. The study concerns 115 km of the main stem and 29 km of its tributaries. In the pre‐channelization conditions, the Adige River presented a prevalence of single‐thread channel planforms. Multi‐thread patterns developed only immediately downstream of the main confluences. During the 19th century, the Adige underwent considerable channel adjustment, consisting of channel narrowing, straightening, and reduction of bars and islands. Multi‐thread and single‐thread reaches evolved through different evolutionary trajectories, considering both the channel width and the bar/vegetation interaction. Bar and channel pattern predictors showed good correspondence with the observed patterns, including the development of multi‐thread morphologies downstream of the confluences. Application of the free‐bar predictor helped to interpret the strong reduction – almost complete loss – of exposed sediment bars after the channelization works, quantifying the riverbed inclination to form alternate bars. This morphological evolution can be observed in other Alpine rivers of similar size and similar massive channelization, therefore, a simplified conceptual model for large rivers subjected to channelization is proposed, showing that a relatively small difference in the engineered channel width may have a strong impact on the river dynamics, specifically on bar formation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

神农架大九湖湿地浮游植物群落结构特征及营养状态评价   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

刘林峰  周先华  高健  刘梅群  潘晓斌  贺磊  蔡世耀  赵以军  潘超  王卉君  张佳敏  叶有旺  刘伟 《湖泊科学》2018,30(2):417-430

大九湖湿地是南水北调中线工程的重要水源涵养地之一.为了解实施生态修复工程后浮游植物群落结构特征及水质营养状态,于2014年11月-2015年9月进行了3次采样调查,综合营养状态指数表明水质处于中营养和轻度富营养化之间,水质富营化水平沿水流方向呈降低趋势;共采集浮游植物8门129种,11月优势种为绿藻门的四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)和硅藻门的颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulata)、短缝藻(Eunotia sp.);5月优势种为蓝藻门的纤细席藻(Phormidium tenue)、绿藻门的四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)和球衣藻(Chlamydomonas globosa Snow)、硅藻门的短线脆杆藻(Fragilaria brevistriata);9月优势种为蓝藻门的拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)、小形色球藻(Chroococcus minor)和泽丝藻(Limnothrix redekei),优势种主要为中污带指示种.冗余分析表明总磷和总氮浓度对浮游植物丰度变化有显著影响,温度和总磷浓度对浮游植物生物量有显著影响,蓝藻门和绿藻门的丰度和生物量均与总磷浓度呈正相关.  相似文献