北极涛动的年代际变化及其气候影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王林  龚海楠  兰晓青 《大气科学学报》2021,44(1):50-60

北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation,AO)是北半球热带外地区大气环流变率的主导模态,对北半球以及区域尺度气温变化具有重要影响.AO可在没有外强迫条件下通过d波流相互作用形成,因此它被认为是全球气候系统内部变率的重要组成部分.研究年代际尺度上AO的变化及其气候影响,可加深对当前北半球气候变化规律的物理理解,也...  相似文献   

几种海洋微藻的碱性磷酸酶性质初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

唐洪杰  杨茹君  张传松  李雁宾  祝陈坚  王修林 《海洋科学》2006,30(10):61-64

对5种海洋微藻产生的碱性磷酸酶的性质进行了初步研究并确定了碱性磷酸酶的测定条件。结果表明,在pH 8.2的环境中,各藻产生的碱性磷酸酶最佳反应温度在40~50℃内,且存在一定差异;40℃下酶促反应恒速时间及米氏常数也有所不同,酶活恒速时间顺序为东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)<强壮前沟藻(Amphidinium carterae)<旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus)<中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)<塔玛亚历山大藻(Al-exandrium tamarense);米氏常数大小顺序为塔玛亚历山大藻<东海原甲藻<中肋骨条藻<强壮前沟藻<旋链角毛藻。碱性磷酸酶测定条件为:温度40℃,反应时间90 min,底物浓度260μmol/L。  相似文献   

Assessment of Snow Depth over Arctic Sea Ice in CMIP6 Models Using Satellite Data     

Shengzhe CHEN  Jiping LIU  Yifan DING  Yuanyuan ZHANG  Xiao CHENG  Yongyun HU 《大气科学进展》2021,38(2):168-186

Snow depth over sea ice is an essential variable for understanding the Arctic energy budget.In this study,we evaluate snow depth over Arctic sea ice during 1993-2014 simulated by 31 models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6)against recent satellite retrievals.The CMIP6 models capture some aspects of the observed snow depth climatology and variability.The observed variability lies in the middle of the models’simulations.All the models show negative trends of snow depth during 1993-2014.However,substantial spatiotemporal discrepancies are identified.Compared to the observation,most models have late seasonal maximum snow depth(by two months),remarkably thinner snow for the seasonal minimum,an incorrect transition from the growth to decay period,and a greatly underestimated interannual variability and thinning trend of snow depth over areas with frequent occurrence of multi-year sea ice.Most models are unable to reproduce the observed snow depth gradient from the Canadian Arctic to the outer areas and the largest thinning rate in the central Arctic.Future projections suggest that snow depth in the Arctic will continue to decrease from 2015 to 2099.Under the SSP5-8.5 scenario,the Arctic will be almost snow-free during the summer and fall and the accumulation of snow starts from January.Further investigation into the possible causes of the issues for the simulated snow depth by some models based on the same family of models suggests that resolution,the inclusion of a hightop atmospheric model,and biogeochemistry processes are important factors for snow depth simulation.  相似文献   

两次不同ENSO背景下云南冬季极端冷事件的成因分析          下载免费PDF全文

万云霞  晏红明  金燕  任菊章  黎文懋 《大气科学学报》2023,46(4):575-586

2008年初和2016年初分别经历了一次中等强度以上的La Ni?a和El Ni?o事件,在不同的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动（El Ni?o/Southern Oscillation,ENSO）背景下,云南均发生了低温雨雪冰冻天气。本文利用大气环流、海表温度、云南124个观测站逐月温度等资料,通过多种统计方法探讨了不同ENSO背景下极端冷事件发生的原因。结果表明：1)2008年初和2016年初云南冬季极端冷事件在2月表现更明显。2）不同ENSO背景下,2月大气环流和云南气温变化差异较大。La Ni?a(El Ni?o)年西伯利亚高压加强（减弱）,位势高度场北（西）高南（东）低,西太平洋副高偏弱（强）,菲律宾异常（反）气旋西北侧异常北（南）风加强,东亚冬季风偏强（弱）,云南东部气温偏低（高）。3)2008年和2016年的东北太平洋大气环流异常对赤道中东太平洋海温异常均有响应,同时2008年赤道中东太平洋冷海温作用激发的菲律宾气旋西部偏北气流对东亚冬季风的加强和向南活动有重要影响,而2016年赤道中东太平洋暖海温对菲律宾地区环流变化的影响并不显著。4）北极涛动（Arctic Oscillation...  相似文献   

近11年中国寒潮频发的机理分析          下载免费PDF全文

胡宏博  黄艳艳  戴金  赵钱飞 《大气科学学报》2023,46(6):864-875

利用全国840个站点观测资料以及ERA5再分析资料,分析了过去63 a(1960—2022年)冬半年(前一年10月—当年4月)全国性寒潮频次的年代际变化特征。统计结果表明:在全球变暖背景下,寒潮频次的下降趋势在2012年发生了转折,2012—2022年呈现显著上升趋势。2012—2022年,乌拉尔山阻塞频率与全国性寒潮发生频次呈显著负相关。乌拉尔山阻高会抑制高空急流发生发展,大气经向环流减弱,北极内冷气团南下受阻,从而减少寒潮发生的频次。同时乌拉尔山阻高与东亚中高纬地区地面2 m温度经向分布联系紧密,乌拉尔山阻塞的频繁发生往往会出现更多的北极增温、中纬度地区降温的天气尺度现象。此外,北极增暖效应本身也与我国寒潮频次有显著的负相关,北极增暖会减小中高纬温度差,西风带减弱,进而减弱冷空气的输送。近11 a,乌拉尔山阻塞频率呈显著减少趋势,相应地,等熵面位涡经向梯度具有线性增加趋势,不利于阻塞高压的维持,伴随北极增暖效应也呈现出减弱态势,这样的大气环流配置有利于近年来我国寒潮频次的增加。  相似文献   

北极海洋细菌BSw20353的胞外蛋白酶性质          下载免费PDF全文

曾胤新  俞勇  李会荣  陈波 《极地研究》2006,18(3):206-214

从北极楚科奇海水中分离到一株产蛋白酶耐冷河豚毒素假交替单胞菌BSw20353。该菌可合成多种胞外蛋白酶,而培养温度影响蛋白酶的合成。分离纯化出其中一种在15℃、25℃培养时均有生成的酶:该酶最适作用温度55℃;最适pH8;金属离子Hg2+、Sr2+抑制酶活,Fe2+、Mn2+则具有激活作用;该酶属于金属蛋白酶,受螯合剂邻二氮杂菲、EDTA及EGTA抑制,基本不受丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF、TPCK及TLCK抑制,半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E-64对该酶无抑制作用,天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂pepstatin则具有一定抑制作用;SDS、二硫苏糖醇、碘乙酸可抑制酶活;而在变性剂尿素、盐酸胍作用下,酶活反而有所增高。  相似文献   

北极海冰密集度数值预报及验证评估研究     

李明  杨清华  赵杰臣  孙晓宇  田忠翔  沈辉  郝光华  李春花  张林 《海洋学报》2018,40(11):46-53

本文系统地评估了国家海洋环境预报中心于我国第七次北极科学考察期间开展的北极海冰密集度数值预报结果。该预报系统基于麻省理工大学通用环流模式，并采用牛顿松弛逼近（Nudging）资料同化方法，计算输出未来1~5 d的北极海冰密集度预报产品。本文将数值预报结果同卫星观测的海冰密集度、再分析资料和"雪龙"号第七次北极考察期间观测的海冰密集度数据进行了对比分析。结果表明，预报的北极海冰密集度小于卫星观测值，24 h、72 h和120 h预报结果的偏差分别为-2.7%、-3.1%和-3.2%；数值产品的预报技巧好于气候态结果和惯性预报，但是在海冰出现快速融化或冻结时，基于Nudging同化的数值预报技巧仍有不足。另外，相比船测数据，数值预报结果在海冰边缘区的偏差相对较大，24 h、72 h和120 h预报结果的偏差分别为8.8%、12.0%和14.5%。  相似文献   

东海富营养化封闭海水养殖海域浮游植物分布与控制因子     

霍元子  韦章良  刘巧  杨芳芳  龙丽娟  张琪  毕洪生  何青  何培民 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):102-112

The distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied monthly during August 2012 to July 2013 in the Yantian Bay. A total of 147 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, and the average abundance was in the range of 0.57×10~4 to 7.73×10~4 cell/L. A total of 19 species dominated the phytoplankton assemblages, and several species that are widely reported to be responsible for microalgae blooms were the absolutely dominant species, such as Skeletonema costatum, Navicula sp., Thalassionema nitzschioides,Pleurosigma sp., and Licmophora abbreviata. The monthly variabilities in phytoplankton abundance could be explained by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), and suspended solids. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that p H and nutrients, including DIN and silicate(SiO_4), were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in specific months. It was found that nutrients and pH levels that were mainly influenced by mariculture played a vital role in influencing the variation of phytoplankton assemblages in the Yantian Bay. Thus, a reduction of mariculture activities would be an effective way to control microalgae blooms in an enclosed and intensively eutrophic bay.  相似文献   

北极熊栖息地稳定性的遥感评估方法     

李海丽  柯长青 《地球信息科学学报》2018,20(9):1327-1337

北极熊是北极最重要的哺乳动物之一,近年来数量却在减少。海冰作为北极熊狩猎、活动和繁殖的平台,是其栖息地的重要组成部分。因此其种群栖息地变化主要依赖于海冰变化。本文基于美国雪冰中心的海冰密集度和NOAA提供的ETOPO1基岩数据,分析了北极海冰密集度、开阔水域面积、海冰消退时间、海冰出现时间、开阔水域季节长度的年际变化,进而评价北极熊栖息地的稳定性。结果表明,海冰密集度呈现降低的趋势,开阔水域面积增大,多年冰数量减少,大多变为一年冰。海冰消退时间提前,海冰出现时间延后,开阔水域季节长度大幅增加,与1992年相比增加了72 d。19个栖息地中,巴伦支海是开阔水域面积和季节长度变化贡献最大的海域,增加速度分别为9.71×10³ km²/a和71.69 d/10a。以开阔水域季节长度变化率为依据,将北极熊栖息地划分为稳定、次稳定和不稳定3个等级。总共有3个稳定栖息地,包括分布在相对其他栖息地而言纬度较低的楚科奇海、西哈得孙湾和南哈得孙湾。13个次稳定栖息地,包括拉普捷夫海、喀拉海、东格陵兰、巴芬湾、戴维斯海峡、福克斯湾、布西亚湾、麦克林托克海峡、梅尔维尔子爵海峡、挪威湾、北波弗特、南波弗特和兰开斯特海峡。3个不稳定栖息地,均位于70°N以北,包括北极盆地、巴伦支海和凯恩盆地。稳定区主要位于低纬度,不稳定区全部位于高纬度。该分级结果表明高纬度地区虽然海冰覆盖多,但是年际变化十分显著,不稳定的3个区域内北极熊对海冰变化适应时间更少,年际迁移变化大,对北极熊的生存发展更为不利。  相似文献   

Soil frost effects on streamflow recessions in a subarctic catchment     

Stefan W. Ploum  Steve W. Lyon  Adriaan J. Teuling  Hjalmar Laudon  Ype van der Velde 《水文研究》2019,33(9):1304-1316

The Arctic is warming rapidly. Changing seasonal freezing and thawing cycles of the soil are expected to affect river run‐off substantially, but how soil frost influences river run‐off at catchment scales is still largely unknown. We hypothesize that soil frost alters flow paths and therefore affects storage–discharge relations in subarctic catchments. To test this hypothesis, we used an approach that combines meteorological records and recession analysis. We studied streamflow data (1986–2015) of Abiskojokka, a river that drains a mountainous catchment (560 km²) in the north of Sweden (68° latitude). Recessions were separated into frost periods (spring) and no‐frost periods (summer) and then compared. We observed a significant difference between recessions of the two periods: During spring, discharge was linearly related to storage, whereas storage–discharge relationships in summer were less linear. An analysis of explanatory factors showed that after winters with cold soil temperatures and low snowpack, storage–discharge relations approached linearity. On the other hand, relatively warm winter soil conditions resulted in storage–discharge relationships that were less linear. Even in summer, relatively cold antecedent winter soils and low snowpack levels had a propagating effect on streamflow. This could be an indication that soil frost controls recharge of deep groundwater flow paths, which affects storage–discharge relationships in summer. We interpret these findings as evidence for soil frost to have an important control over river run‐off dynamics. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing significant catchment‐integrated effects of soil frost on this spatiotemporal scale.  相似文献