全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1764篇 |
免费 | 184篇 |
国内免费 | 175篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 234篇 |
大气科学 | 169篇 |
地球物理 | 449篇 |
地质学 | 503篇 |
海洋学 | 161篇 |
天文学 | 307篇 |
综合类 | 79篇 |
自然地理 | 221篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 21篇 |
2022年 | 43篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 57篇 |
2019年 | 73篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 67篇 |
2016年 | 64篇 |
2015年 | 64篇 |
2014年 | 94篇 |
2013年 | 106篇 |
2012年 | 61篇 |
2011年 | 78篇 |
2010年 | 55篇 |
2009年 | 105篇 |
2008年 | 97篇 |
2007年 | 126篇 |
2006年 | 102篇 |
2005年 | 91篇 |
2004年 | 84篇 |
2003年 | 77篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 60篇 |
2000年 | 62篇 |
1999年 | 45篇 |
1998年 | 44篇 |
1997年 | 31篇 |
1996年 | 27篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 12篇 |
1993年 | 19篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 18篇 |
1990年 | 12篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 9篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 10篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有2123条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
142.
A model for estimating the value of sampling programs and the optimal number of samples for contaminated soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pär-Erik Back 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(3):573-585
A model is presented for estimating the value of information of sampling programs for contaminated soil. The purpose is to calculate the optimal number of samples when the objective is to estimate the mean concentration. A Bayesian risk–cost–benefit decision analysis framework is applied and the approach is design-based. The model explicitly includes sample uncertainty at a complexity level that can be applied to practical contaminated land problems with limited amount of data. Prior information about the contamination level is modelled by probability density functions. The value of information is expressed in monetary terms. The most cost-effective sampling program is the one with the highest expected net value. The model was applied to a contaminated scrap yard in Göteborg, Sweden, contaminated by metals. The optimal number of samples was determined to be in the range of 16–18 for a remediation unit of 100 m2. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the perspective of the decision-maker is important, and that the cost of failure and the future land use are the most important factors to consider. The model can also be applied for other sampling problems, for example, sampling and testing of wastes to meet landfill waste acceptance procedures. 相似文献
143.
Mohammad Ashtari Jafari 《Natural Hazards》2007,42(1):237-252
The Bayesian probability estimation seems to have efficiencies that make it suitable for calculating different parameters
of seismicity. Generally this method is able to combine prior information on seismicity while at the same time including statistical
uncertainty associated with the estimation of the parameters used to quantify seismicity, in addition to the probabilistic
uncertainties associated with the inherent randomness of earthquake occurrence. In this article a time-independent Bayesian
approach, which yields the probability that a certain cut-off magnitude will be exceeded at certain time intervals is examined
for the region of Alborz, Iran, in order to consider the following consequences for the city of Tehran. This area is located
within the Alpine-Himalayan active mountain belt. Many active faults affect the Alborz, most of which are parallel to the
range and accommodate the present day oblique convergence across it. Tehran, the capital of Iran, with millions of inhabitants
is located near the foothills of the southern Central Alborz. This region has been affected several times by historical and
recent earthquakes that confirm the importance of seismic hazard assessment through it. As the first step in this study an
updated earthquake catalog is compiled for the Alborz. Then, by assuming a Poisson distribution for the number of earthquakes
which occur at a certain time interval, the probabilistic earthquake occurrence is computed by the Bayesian approach. The
highest probabilities are found for zone AA and the lowest probabilities for zones KD and CA, meanwhile the overall probability
is high. 相似文献
144.
Effect of agricultural land use on the chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers, Jeju Island, South Korea 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Dong-Chan Koh Kyung-Seok Ko Yongje Kim Seung-Gu Lee Ho-Wan Chang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2007,15(4):727-743
Geochemical processes were identified as controlling factors of groundwater chemistry, including chemical weathering, salinization from seawater and dry sea-salt deposition, nitrate contamination, and rainfall recharge. These geochemical processes were identified using principal component analysis of major element chemistry of groundwater from basaltic aquifers in Jeju Island, South Korea, a volcanic island with intense agricultural activities. The contribution of the geochemical processes to groundwater chemistry was quantified by a simple mass-balance approach. The geochemical effects due to seawater were considered based on Cl contributions, whereas the effects due to natural chemical weathering were based on alkalinity. Nitrogenous fertilizers, and especially the associated nitrification processes, appear to significantly affect groundwater chemistry. A strong correlation was observed between Na, Mg, Ca, SO4 and Cl, and nitrate concentrations in groundwater. Correspondingly, the total major cations, Cl, and SO4 in groundwater were assessed to estimate relative effect of N-fertilizer use on groundwater chemistry. Cl originates more from nitrate sources than from seawater, whereas SO4 originates mostly from rainwater. N-fertilizer use has shown the greatest effect on groundwater chemistry, particularly when nitrate concentrations exceed 6–7 mg/L NO3–N. Nitrate contamination significantly affects groundwater quality and 18% of groundwater samples have contamination-dominated chemistry. 相似文献
145.
Imtiyaz A. Parvez 《Natural Hazards》2007,40(2):397-412
The Bayesian extreme-value distribution of earthquake occurrences has been used to estimate the seismic hazard in 12 seismogenic
zones of the North-East Indian peninsula. The Bayesian approach has been used very efficiently to combine the prior information
on seismicity obtained from geological data with historical observations in many seismogenic zones of the world. The basic
parameters to obtain the prior estimate of seismicity are the seismic moment, slip rate, earthquake recurrence rate and magnitude.
These estimates are then updated in terms of Bayes’ theorem and historical evaluations of seismicity associated with each
zone. From the Bayesian analysis of extreme earthquake occurrences for North-East Indian peninsula, it is found that for T = 5 years, the probability of occurrences of magnitude (M
w = 5.0–5.5) is greater than 0.9 for all zones. For M
w = 6.0, four zones namely Z1 (Central Himalayas), Z5 (Indo-Burma border), Z7 (Burmese arc) and Z8 (Burma region) exhibit high
probabilities. Lower probability is shown by some zones namely␣Z4, Z12, and rest of the zones Z2, Z3, Z6, Z9, Z10 and Z11
show moderate probabilities. 相似文献
146.
This paper examines the limitations and deficiencies of the current British archaeomagnetic calibration curve and applies several mathematical approaches in an attempt to produce an improved secular variation curve for the UK for use in archaeomagnetic dating. The dataset compiled is the most complete available in the UK, incorporating published results, PhD theses and unpublished laboratory reports. It comprises 620 archaeomagnetic (directional) data and 238 direct observations of the geomagnetic field, and includes all relevant information available about the site, the archaeomagnetic direction and the archaeological age. A thorough examination of the data was performed to assess their quality and reliability. Various techniques were employed in order to use the data to construct a secular variation (SV) record: moving window with averaging and median, as well as Bayesian statistical modelling. The SV reference curve obtained for the past 4000 years is very similar to that from France, most differences occurring during the early medieval period (or Dark Ages). Two examples of dating of archaeological structures, medieval and pre-Roman, are presented based on the new SV curve for the UK and the implications for archaeomagnetic dating are discussed. 相似文献
147.
我国地质分析综述论文统计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
作者检索了地质分析专业刊物《岩矿测试》、《地质实验室》全部论文以及国内相关期刊近30年来的文献.统计分析了地质分析综述性文献在各有关期刊的分布及特点,为了解和评价国内地质分析文献的基本状况提供了有益信息。 相似文献
148.
149.
基于空间统计学的空间数据窗口大小的确定 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
提出基于空间统计学的方法来确定空间数据窗口大小,实例证明是可行的。同时提出了对海底照片成像不均匀光照进行纠正的思路和方法,该方法简单有效,效果较理想。 相似文献
150.
Based on the Bayesian principle and the fact that GPS carrier-phase ambiguities are integers, the posterior distribution
of the ambiguities and the position parameters is derived. This is then used to derive the maximum posterior likelihood solution
of the ambiguities. The accuracy of the integer ambiguity solution and the position parameters is also studied according to
the posterior distribution. It is found that the accuracy of the integer solution depends not only on the variance of the
corresponding float ambiguity solution but also on its values.
Received: 27 July 1999 / Accepted: 22 November 2000 相似文献