Biogeographic characterization of Mediterranean and Black Seas faunal provinces using GIS procedures     

L. Garibaldi  J. F. Caddy 《Ocean & Coastal Management》1998,39(3):211-227

To identify Mediterranean and Black Seas areas where similar marine faunal provinces occur, geographical distribution maps of 536 species of actual or potential interest to fisheries have been digitized, using GIS software, and three different ecological areas have been delimited by depth, separated by the 200 and 1000 m isobaths. Information on the species ranges was taken mainly from the maps and the texts of the FAO Species Identification Sheets covering the region, and complemented by other sources when necessary. All the distribution maps have then been overlaid by a grid of points at regular intervals every half degree of latitude and longitude. This allowed creation of a matrix of presence or absence of the species at each point from which species richness maps have been generated. The species richness in the Mediterranean proper shows the same negative gradient eastwards that has been observed for nutrients, while the low number of species in the Black Sea could be linked to the fragility and recent fast degradation of this ecosystem. Through the calculation of 65 dissimilarity indices from 50 contiguous points along the coastline and the species richness maps, the region has been divided into nine faunal provinces. These faunal provinces have then been compared with the ten Mediterranean and Black Seas divisions used by the GFCM for statistical purposes, revealing few differences between the two classifications. The definition of faunal provinces in a region when deciding upon Natural Management Areas, and the appropriate GIS approach to be followed, are discussed.  相似文献   

南黄海夏末叶绿素a的分布特征   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

李宝华  傅克忖  曾晓起 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(3):300-305

根据1995年9月利用日本《神鹰丸》号调查船在黄海32°00'–35°00'N,122°00'–127°00'E海区的19个站位上进行的中日联合调查研究中叶绿素a含量的调查资料,探讨南黄海海区夏末初叶绿素a含量的变化、平面分布、断面分布和垂直分布状况,以及与海域环境因子之间的关系。在每个测站上作垂直取样,表层水用圆塑料桶取自海表面,深层水用日本提供的专用采水器采集,取出水样立即量取200ml,用玻璃纤维滤膜过滤浓缩,并加入2％的饱和碳酸镁溶液,防止叶绿素脱镁,然后保存在冰箱内（-1°C）,用冰桶带回实验室进行分析。将载有浮游植物的滤膜放入闪烁瓶内加入10ml 90％的丙酮溶液,在冰箱内提取24h。用萃取荧光法测定叶绿素a含量。结果表明,该海域的叶绿素a含量较高,平均值为1.14mg／m³,其变化范围为0.10–7.76mg／m³,最高值在次表层。（1）平面分布:各层次平面分布特征差异较大。33°00'–33°30'N之间叶绿素a含量均较低,低于0.50mg／m³。33°30'N以北,叶绿素a含量低于0.20mg／m³,而33°00'N以南,除济州岛附近的17–19导站以外,叶绿素a含量均较高,高于100mg／m³。（2）断面分布:水深在30m时,叶绿素a含量的高值区在20m以上水体的次表层中,而水深为50–80m时,其高值分布在20–40m的次表层中。（3）叶绿素a的垂直分布也体现了断面分布的特征。所以作者认为,光是浮游植物生长和繁殖的重要因子之一。  相似文献   

两种珍稀鱼类的形态学和生态学的补充研究     

武云飞  门强  康斌 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(4)

通过形态学比较研究和饲养生态学的观察,作者补充了细刺鱼牙齿结构特征和条石鲷的体色、鳍色的形态学特点,探讨了这两种鱼类的生态习性和１９９８ 年在青岛海域出现的原因。进行２～３ 个月的饲养实验后,得到细刺鱼月均增长量为１０．３％ ,条石鲷为１４．６％ 而明显高于同池饲养六线鱼的结果。鉴于两种鱼类彩色艳丽、游姿优美,具观赏价值,为此建议可将这两种鱼作为海水养殖或观赏鱼类的实验对象  相似文献   

开拓创新 解决问题——评戴伟华先生《文化生态与中国古代文学论丛》     

张之为 《广东海洋大学学报》2011,31(5):100-102

戴伟华先生的《文化生态与中国古代文学论丛》在文化生态与文学关系的视野下探讨中国古代文学的生成、发展和表现形态,创新研究方法,再析经典名篇,归纳诗学现象,观点独到鲜明,取材精当,论证严密,是中国古代文学研究的又一创获。  相似文献   

Contrasting oceanographic conditions and phytoplankton communities on the east and west coasts of Australia     

P.A. Thompson  P. Bonham  A.M. WaiteL.A. Clementson  N. CherukuruC. Hassler  M.A. Doblin 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2011,58(5):645-663

The composition and dynamics of the phytoplankton communities and hydrographic factors that control them are described for eastern and western Australia with a focus on the Eastern Australian Current (EAC) and Leeuwin Current (LC) between 27.5° and 34.5°S latitude. A total of 1685 samples collected from 1996 to 2010 and analysed for pigments by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed the average TChla (monovinyl+divinyl chlorophyll a) concentration on the west coast to be 0.28±0.16 ??g L⁻¹ while it was 0.58±1.4 ??g L⁻¹ on the east coast. Both coasts showed significant decreases in the proportions of picoplankton and relatively more nanoplankton and microplankton with increasing latitude. On both coasts the phytoplankton biomass (by SeaWiFS) increased with the onset of winter. At higher latitudes (>27.5°S) the southeast coast developed a spring bloom (September) when the mean monthly, surface chlorophyll a (chla) concentration (by SeaWiFS) was 48% greater than on the south west coast. In this southern region (27.5-34.5°S) Synechococcus was the dominant taxon with 60% of the total biomass in the southeast (SE) and 43% in the southwest (SW). Both the SE and SW regions had similar proportions of haptophytes; ∼14% of the phytoplankton community. The SW coast had relatively more pelagophytes, prasinophytes, cryptophytes, chlorophytes and less bacillariophytes and dinophytes. These differences in phytoplankton biomass and community composition reflect the differences in seasonality of the 2 major boundary currents, the influence this has on the vertical stability of the water column and the average availability of nutrients in the euphotic zone. Seasonal variation in mixed layer depth and upwelling on the west coast appears to be suppressed by the Leeuwin Current. The long-term depth averaged (0-100 m) nitrate concentration on the west coast was only 14% of the average concentration on the east coast. Redfield ratios for NO₃:SiO₂:PO₄ were 6.5:11.9:1 on the east coast and 2.2:16.2:1 on the west coast. Thus new production (nitrate based) on the west coast was likely to be substantially more limited than on the eastcoast. Short term (hourly) rates of vertical mixing were greater on the east coast. The more stable water column on the west coast produced deeper subsurface chlorophyll a maxima with a 25% greater proportion of picoeukaryotes.  相似文献   

中国大陆面向生态的水资源管理与调控战略   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

周国逸  黄志宏 《地球科学进展》2002,17(3):435-440

通过对1999年度中国大陆降水量、水资源量和供需水量的分析，理论上提出了潜在的水资源和现实的水资源两个概念，潜在的水资源是所有形式产水量的总和，现实的水资源是指具有利用价值的水资源，认为中国的水资源战略应着力于将潜在的水资源最大限度地转化为现实的水资源，但在西北干旱地区，如何使降水量最大限度地转化为潜在水资源也是一个重要的命题。在大陆范围内，潜在的水资源是丰富的，但现实的水资源不足，中国未来需水总量并不会有大的增加，但对水质的要求会有较大的提高。从面向生态的水资源管理观点出发，分析了从降水量到供需水量过程中一系列环节的调控途径和原理，指出了水资源宏观调控的技术和方法——植被调节、地表水水库调节、地下水水库调节和水体污染控制。针对我国各区域的具体特点，阐明了在不同区域水资源调控的主要目的和手段。  相似文献   

Long-term plankton studies at the lower Rhine/Germany     

Günther Friedrich  Marlies Pohlmann 《Limnologica》2009,39(1):14-39

The river Rhine has lain under considerable anthropogenic stress of its water quality for 100 years. As early as 1905 the first results of studies of the plankton in the Rhine were published. Due to the long residence time of the water a real potamoplankton can develop and at the end of the Lower Rhine it reaches its highest density. The paper consists of two parts. At first an overview is given about the history of plankton studies in the Rhine. The second part is the presentation of results from a monitoring at the Lower Rhine from 1979 to 2004.First systematic studies started at the beginning of the 20th century at the beginning of pollution. Our studies started during a phase of recreation from extreme pollution and eutrophication. Samples were taken at four stations: Bad Honnef, km 640, entrance to North Rhine-Westphalia, Düsseldorf, km 732, Duisburg, km 792 downstream large industrial effluents and big cities, Kleve-Bimmen, km 865 at the border to the Netherlands.In the 1970s nutrients were high, especially phosphate 0.65 mg PO₄-P L⁻¹ in 1979. After 1980 phosphate dropped to 0.11 mg PO₄-P L⁻¹ in 2004 (mean values of the growing season). Ammonia was reduced from about 0.52 (1979) to 0.02 (2004) mg NH₄-N L⁻¹. Nitrate remained between 3.72 (1989) and 2.26 (2004) mg NO₃-N L⁻¹ at a relatively high level. Oxygen concentrations were very low during the 1960s and 1970s, sometimes only 4 mg L⁻¹ O₂. During our studies the oxygen increased up to 9 mg L⁻¹ O₂ with a tendency to 11 mg L⁻¹ O₂ in the last years. Chlorophyll a was estimated to be between 59 (1979) and 31μg L⁻¹ (1986) with short peaks up to 170 μg L⁻¹ (1989). Since 1992 the mean values have varied between 30 (1993) and 21 μg L⁻¹ (2004).The floristic phytoplankton composition is characterised by the dominance of the centric diatom Stephanodiscus hantzschii. Other diatoms like Skeletonema subsalsum, Skeletonema potamos and Asterionella formosa were regularly present in smaller quantities. The second dominant group was coccale green algae. During the 1980s they formed up to 35% of the biomass. Since the 1990s their contribution to the phytoplankton became much smaller. This change corresponds with the increase of wastewater treatment and the diminution of nutrients. All the other groups of algae were present in minor quantities. During the time of higher trophy in the 1970s and 1980s the phytoplankton formed two peaks, in recent years only one peak has developed, depending on different flow conditions during the growing season and lower trophic state in the upstream parts of the river.Excellent correspondence exists between cell number, biovolume and chlorophyll a content and the results of delayed fluorescence (DF) measurement. The trophic status in the Lower Rhine may be estimated as (moderate) eutrophic. The ecological status of the phytoplankton is good based on the requirements of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD).The zooplankton consists mainly of rotatoria and larvs of Dreissena polymorpha. Grazing on phytoplankton seems to be mainly due to the large quantities of benthic Dreissena and the newly introduced mussel Corbicula.  相似文献   

景观生态学与生物圈保护区———1997年选择性诺贝尔奖获得者德国Greifs wald大学景观生态学家Prof.Dr.Michael Succow先生2000年6月北京-新疆访问考察记行     

李建新 《干旱区地理》2000,(3)

介绍了苏考吾教授以及他在北京和新疆访问考察与报告的主要科学内容、选择性诺贝尔奖、德国景观生态学发展简史、联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区和新疆现状  相似文献   

Why are sustainable practices often elusive? The role of information flow in the management of networked human-environment interactions     

《Global Environmental Change》2023

Analyzing the spatial and temporal properties of information flow with a multi-century perspective could illuminate the sustainability of human resource-use strategies. This paper uses historical and archaeological datasets to assess how spatial, temporal, cognitive, and cultural limitations impact the generation and flow of information about ecosystems within past societies, and thus lead to tradeoffs in sustainable practices. While it is well understood that conflicting priorities can inhibit successful outcomes, case studies from Eastern Polynesia, the North Atlantic, and the American Southwest suggest that imperfect information can also be a major impediment to sustainability. We formally develop a conceptual model of Environmental Information Flow and Perception (EnIFPe) to examine the scale of information flow to a society and the quality of the information needed to promote sustainable coupled natural-human systems. In our case studies, we assess key aspects of information flow by focusing on food web relationships and nutrient flows in socio-ecological systems, as well as the life cycles, population dynamics, and seasonal rhythms of organisms, the patterns and timing of species’ migration, and the trajectories of human-induced environmental change. We argue that the spatial and temporal dimensions of human environments shape society’s ability to wield information, while acknowledging that varied cultural factors also focus a society’s ability to act on such information. Our analyses demonstrate the analytical importance of completed experiments from the past, and their utility for contemporary debates concerning managing imperfect information and addressing conflicting priorities in modern environmental management and resource use.  相似文献   

植被指数-地面温度特征空间的生态学内涵及其应用   总被引：32，自引：2，他引：32  

江东  王乃斌  杨小唤  刘红辉 《地理科学进展》2001,20(2):146-152

植被指数与地面温度是描述土地覆盖特征的重要参数 ,对两种数据的综合分析 ,可以衍生出更丰富、更清晰的地表信息 ,有助于更加准确、有效地认知土地覆盖 /土地利用的时空变化规律。本文探讨了植被指数与地面温度构成的二维向量空间的物理意义与生态学内涵 ,以基于 NOAA AVHRR的时间序列数据为本底 ,分析了不同土地覆盖类型在该特征空间上的时序变化规律 ,并以黄淮海地区主要农作物冬小麦为例 ,研究了植被指数-地面温度指标与干旱、半干旱地区农作物产量之间的响应关系。  相似文献