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51.
石莼属(Ulva)和浒苔属(Enteromorpha)绿藻的RAPD分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
于１９９７年下半年在大连石油庙海区采集石莼、孔石莼、砺菜、缘管浒苔、肠浒苔、管浒苔、刚毛藻等７种海藻样品,采用ＲＡＰＤ技术对大连地区绿藻门石莼属和浒苔属进行了初步的分子系统学研究。所试６０个引物中有３２个经扩增得到了２３７个多态片段。应用ＰＨＹＬＩＰ软件包,按照ＵＰＧＭＡ法和Ｎ－Ｊ法聚类分析的结果均表明,缘管浒苔（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｍｏｒｐｈａ ｌｉｎｚａ）与石莼属有较近的亲缘关系,应深水探究其分类地位 相似文献
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ABSTRACTIn the past decade, floating macroalgae blooms have been increasing on a global scale. Sub-pixel coverage of floating macroalgae in a remote-sensing image is a crucial parameter for the estimation of biomass. In this study, in situ spectra of green macroalgae (Ulva prolifera), brown macroalgae (Sargassum horneri), and sea water were collected, and they were used to simulate the spectra of macroalgae–seawater mixtures in a linear mixing way. Three algae indices, normalized difference of vegetation index (NDVI), difference of vegetation index (DVI), and virtual-baseline reflectance height for floating algae (VB-FAH) derived from the spectra, were examined with the coverage of macroalgae. The results show that all three indices increase monotonically with increasing sub-pixel coverage of macroalgae: VB-FAH and DVI increase linearly, while NDVI shows a logarithmic increase. Based on this characteristic, two sub-pixel coverage models were proposed (i.e., a linear model based on VB-FAH (or DVI) and an exponential model based on NDVI). These models were then applied to the multiple-spectral GaoFen-1 (GF-1, 16?m resolution) satellite image to examine the sub-pixel coverage of green tide in the Yellow Sea caused by the bloom of floating green macroalgae (U. prolifera). The results show that the relative differences between the two models are no more than 5%, indicating good consistency between the two models. Taking into account the sensitivity of these models (or indices) to the coverage of macroalgae, as well as atmospheric and sea surface conditions and their simplicity, we suggest using the linear model based on VB-FAH, DVI, or a similar band-difference index to estimate sub-pixel coverage of floating macroalgae. 相似文献
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Extremely large accumulation of green algae Enteromorpha prolifera floated along China’coastal region of the Yellow Sea ever since the summer of 2008.Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was applied to assess the genetic diversity and relationships among E. prolifera samples collected from 9 affected areas of the Yellow Sea.Two hundred reproducible fragments were generated with 8 AFLP primer combinations,of which 194 (97%) were polymorphic. The average Nei’s genetic diversity, the coefficiency of genetic differentiation (Gst), and the average gene flow estimated from Gst in the 9 populations were 0.4018, 0.6404 and 0.2807 respectively. Cluster analysis based on the unweighed pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) showed that the genetic relationships within one population or among different populations were all related to their collecting locations and sampling time. Large genetic differentiation was detected among the populations.The E. prolifera originated from different areas and were undergoing a course of mixing. 相似文献
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Eutrophication, which is the enrichment of a water mass with inorganic and organic nutrients that support plant growth, is a key factor in stimulating phytoplankton growth. In this study, we determined the effects of various nitrogen sources, different nitrogen concentrations in the culture medium, and two culture methods on the growth of the green alga, Enteromorpha prolifera. The relationship between the specific growth rate of E. prolifera and NO3--N concentration was consistent with that estimated using the Monod equation (R2 = 0.9713, P < 0.01). In the NO3--N medium, the maximum specific growth rate was calculated to be 0.1634/d and the semi-saturation constant was calculated to be 16.86 μmol/L. Our results show that E. prolifera can effectively utilize NH4+-N, NO3--N, and NO2--N and urea-N in the range of 5 to 50 μmol/L. NH4+-N was preferentially assimilated by E. prolifera, and urea-N was favorable for long-term growth. 相似文献
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基于Himawari-8气象卫星数据,研究了利用归一化植被指数提取浒苔信息方法,并提出了浒苔强度和移动速度估算方法。对2016年5-7月黄海海域浒苔信息进行监测,获得了浒苔暴发的时间、地点、面积、强度、影响范围、漂移路径及移动速度。结果表明:2016年5月19日Himawari-8气象卫星首次监测到黄海海域出现浒苔信息;6月中下旬进入暴发期,浒苔面积、影响范围及强度达到最大值;7月上旬,伴随着浒苔大面积登陆青岛、烟台、威海等地,浒苔进入缓慢消亡阶段。多时次浒苔强度合成产品显示:2016年浒苔在黄海中部海域、烟台以东海域覆盖强度较大,在初始位置一带覆盖强度较小。浒苔漂移路径整体为从东南外海逐渐开始向西北近海海域靠近,日移动速度不断变化。浒苔的动态变化与水文气象环境密切相关,适宜的温度是浒苔生长和发展的基础,浒苔出现后,盛行风向是浒苔漂移方向的主要驱动力,2016年5-7月强劲的南风使浒苔一直向北漂移,并最终抵达威海,浒苔的移动与风向大致相同。 相似文献
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超微粉碎浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)对花鲈生长、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)是绿藻门(Chlorophyta)石莼科(Ulvaceae)的一属, 因水体富营 养化等原因而大量繁殖, 危害海洋生态系统, 同时富含营养物质和活性物质, 具有提高机体免疫、促 进动物生长和加快机体营养物质代谢等功能。本研究以超微粉碎技术加工浒苔, 以水产经济鱼种花 鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)为研究对象, 分6 个浓度梯度(0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%), 研究浒苔对花鲈 生长性能、非特异性免疫及消化酶活性的影响, 结果显示: 4%组显著降低了花鲈鱼体水分含量及肝 指数(HSI), 显著提高了鱼体粗蛋白含量(P<0.05); 3%组显著提高了花鲈的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率 (SGR)、胃肠组织中蛋白含量(TP)、肠道中蛋白酶、淀粉酶(AMS)、脂肪酶(LPS)活力以及胃LPS 活 力(P<0.05), 而显著降低了胃组织中AMS 和蛋白酶活力(P<0.05), 同时3%组显著提高了花鲈肝脏中 碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力以及TP 含量, 血清中AKP、超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)活力 (P<0.05), 显著降低了肝脏中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活力(P<0.05).本研究认为, 饲料 中添加超微粉碎浒苔能够明显提高花鲈的生长性能、肠道消化酶活力及非特异性免疫力, 且最佳添 加量为3%.本研究可为其变废为宝, 缓解绿潮带来的环境压力, 研发新型饲料添加剂, 提高水产养 殖经济效益提供理论基础。 相似文献
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2009年黄海绿潮浒苔爆发与漂移的水文气象环境 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年和2009年,黄海中西部局部海区均出现绿潮浒苔,但由于绿潮爆发时间不同和漂移路径不同,造成的影响大不相同。本文利用EOS卫星的多通道资料,采用通道合成的方法,给出了绿潮浒苔的分布和移动情况。利用卫星遥感的海面风场、降水、云中液态水含量、海表面温度(SST)、POM模式模拟的海流等资料,分析了2009年绿潮浒苔期间的水文气象条件、以及浒苔聚集和定向移动的原因,并与2008年的情况进行了对比。结果表明,前期降水的明显增多与绿潮爆发有密切关系,降水过后海水中营养盐类充足,而且降水后黄海上空降水和云中液态水含量偏少,日照比较充足,光合作用强,有利于海上浒苔迅速繁殖。2009年黄海西部降水明显增多的时间较2008年晚15 d左右,是2009年绿潮浒苔爆发比2008年晚15 d左右的重要原因。风力是浒苔在海洋中移动的主要强迫力,强劲持续的的东风或者东南风是导致2008年浒苔在青岛沿海登陆的主要外界强迫力,而2009年西南风使浒苔向东北方向漂移。SST变化对浒苔爆发的影响不显著。定量分析表明,浒苔密集区的移动更倾向于与盛行风向一致,向下风方偏右5~40(°)方向漂移,浒苔密集区的移速与海流速度更加一致,约为海流速度大小的0.8倍。 相似文献
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利用MODIS和RADARSAT数据对浒苔的监测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浒苔是一种大型的浮游性海藻,它的爆发给环境造成了很大的影响。本文介绍了利用EOS/MODIS和RADARSAT遥感数据探测2008-2009年发生在黄海及邻近海域(119°E~122°E,34°N~36°30′N之间)的浒苔灾害的研究。本研究首先利用MODIS传感器的1、2波段计算了相应海域的NDVI。在云层较厚的情况下结合RADARSAT图像来辅助判定大型浮游藻类的信息。并计算了长时间序列NDVI,利用阀值分割法计算了浒苔爆发的面积信息,利用ARCVIEW工具对长时间序列的浒苔分布的矢量信息进行处理,得到了浒苔的漂浮路线,起源。初步研究了MODIS监测浒苔的可行性,讨论了浒苔的爆发可能对渔业资源造成的潜在影响。 相似文献