同位素方法在某中放废物处置场地水文地质特征研究中的应用     

雷明信  徐强  荣峰 《铀矿地质》2012,28(3):181-186

在某中放废物处置场补充勘查工作中,采用环境同位素和放射性同位素对处置场地的地下水渗流速度、年龄以及深层承压水与泉水之间的水力联系等进行了研究,并对深层承压水的成因和补给来源进行了分析,揭示并获取了场地相关水文地质特征及参数。  相似文献   

Rapid response flood detection using the MSG geostationary satellite     

Simon Richard Proud  Rasmus FensholtLaura Vang Rasmussen  Inge Sandholt 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

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Enhancing the durability of flooded low-capacity soils by utilizing lime-activated ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS)     

G.N. Obuzor  J.M. Kinuthia  R.B. Robinson 《Engineering Geology》2011,(3):179

Flooding has a significant impact on road infrastructural development and maintenance. This study was aimed at mitigating the effects of flooding of low-bearing capacity soils, a solution that could alleviate the effects of flooding on road structural layers, especially, those constructed on flood susceptible soils and/or regions. The achievement of such an improvement would foster the growth of road infrastructural development, particularly for low income economies where critical savings accruing from this mitigation effect could be invested in further development projects.Laboratory simulation of flooding was carried out on stabilized soil test specimens. The production of the test specimens involved the use of Lower Oxford Clay (LOC) as a typical low-bearing capacity soil, stabilized using varying proportions of a latently hydraulic industrial by-product material – Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag (GGBS) – blended with quicklime (CaO) as an activator. Reducing the use of lime by incorporating GGBS enhances sustainability of the proposed process. Cylindrical test specimens of 50 mm in diameter and 100 mm in height were statically compacted to achieve maximum dry density (MDD), prior to moist curing for varying time periods before simulating prolonged flooding. Water absorption was monitored during the flooding process, and the specimens then tested for compressive strength. The results suggest potential of these lime–GGBS–LOC mixtures in overcoming the deleterious effect of flooding, by reduced water absorption and maintenance of a rigid cementing matrix structure after prolonged flooding. This is believed to offer savings from the improved robustness of road structural layers upon flooding, through resource conservation and material durability enhancement.  相似文献   

Variation in Total Dissolved Iron Output and Iron Species During Extreme Rainfall Events          下载免费PDF全文

Jiunian Guan  Baixing Yan  Lixia Wang  Hui Zhu  Long Cheng 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(6):624-630

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Mesh type tradeoffs in 2D hydrodynamic modeling of flooding with a Godunov-based flow solver     

《Advances in water resources》2014

The effect of mesh type on the accuracy and computational demands of a two-dimensional Godunov-type flood inundation model is critically examined. Cartesian grids, constrained and unconstrained triangular grids, constrained quadrilateral grids, and mixed meshes are considered, with and without local time stepping (LTS), to determine the approach that maximizes computational efficiency defined as accuracy relative to computational effort. A mixed-mesh numerical scheme is introduced so all grids are processed by the same solver. Analysis focuses on a wide range of dam-break type test cases, where Godunov-type flood models have proven very successful. Results show that different mesh types excel under different circumstances. Cartesian grids are 2–3 times more efficient with relatively simple terrain features such as rectilinear channels that call for a uniform grid resolution, while unstructured grids are about twice as efficient in complex domains with irregular terrain features that call for localized refinements. The superior efficiency of locally refined, unstructured grids in complex terrain is attributable to LTS; the locally refined unstructured grid becomes less efficient using global time stepping. These results point to mesh-type tradeoffs that should be considered in flood modeling applications. A mixed mesh model formulation with LTS is recommended as a general purpose solver because the mesh type can be adapted to maximize computational efficiency.  相似文献   

SOI和El Nino与湘潭汛期洪涝的关系     

戈忠恕  周传喜  周本贵  林明丽 《广东气象》2001,(2):16-18

本文研究了湘潭汛期（4～9月）洪涝与南方涛动指数（SOI）和厄尔尼诺（ElNino）事件的遥相关联系。结果表明，南方涛动指数异常偏负（弱）以及厄尔尼诺事件的滞后影响对湘潭汛期洪涝的短期气候预报有很好的指示性。在统计分析的基础上，我们建立了日常业务应用的湘潭汛期洪涝预报物理模型。  相似文献   

Equations of state of close-packed phases of iron and their implications for the Earth's core     

F. Mulargia  E. Boschi 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(1):13-19

Theoretical equations of state for Fe at high pressures and temperatures are derived from the expression of the free energy written as a sum of the static energy, the harmonic, the anharmonic and the electronic contributions. All the calculations have been performed for the various crystal structures of Fe using different intermolecular potentials, and namely: Lennard-Jones, Morse and Rydberg functions. The available experimental data do not allow a definite choice between them thus leaving open the problem of the composition of the earth's core.  相似文献   

吉林敦化地区草炭土的工程性质   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵华  佴磊  梁兵 《岩土工程技术》2004,18(6):311-314

我国广泛分布着一种褐黑色、结构松软、高含水量、高压缩性、高有机质含量 ,抗剪强度高于一般淤泥软土的一种工程地质性质特殊的草炭土。选取吉林敦化地区的草炭土 ,通过野外调查 ,分析了草炭土形成的地形地貌特征及野外特征 ;通过室内物理、力学、化学试验研究 ,对草炭土的成分结构、物理力学、化学性质、地层形成年代等进行了系统分析。  相似文献   

An Inhomogeneous Distribution Model of Strong Earthquakes along Strike-Slip Active Fault Segments on the Chinese Continent and Its Implication in Engineering Seismology     

Zhou Bengang 《中国地震研究》2004,18(2):200-211

Through the statistical analysis of earthquake distribution along 51 strike-slip active fault segments on the Chinese continent, we found that strong earthquake distribution along the seismogenic fault segments is inhomogeneons and the distribution probability density p (K) canbe stated as p(K)=1.1206e^3.947k^2 in which K = S/(L/2), S refers to the distance from earthquake epicenter to the center of a fault segment, L is the length of the fault segment. The above model can be utilized to modify the probability density of earthquake occurrence of the maximum magnitude interval in apotential earth quake source. Nevertheless, it is only suitable for thosepotential earthquake sources delineated along a single seismogenic fault. This inhomogeneons model has certain effects on seismic risk assessment, especially for those potential earthquake sources with higher earthquakerates of the maximum magnitude interval. In general, higher reoccurrence rate of the maximum magnitude interval and lower exceeding probability level may bring larger difference of the results in seismic risk analysis by adopting the inhomogeneons model, the PGA values increase inner the potential earthquake source, but reduce near the vicinity and out of the potential earthquake source. Taking the Tangyin potential earthquake source as an example, with exceeding probability of 10% and 2% in 50 years, the difference of the PGA values between inhomogeneons model and homogenous models can reach 12 %.  相似文献   

水镁石—水体系氧同位素分馏系数的低温实验研究          下载免费PDF全文

徐宝龙  郑永飞 《地质学报》1997,71(4):340-349

在15—120℃的低温范围内分别应用氮化镁法、氯化镁法和氧化镁法3种化学合成方法,对水镁石-水体系氧同位素分馏系数进行了实验测定。所有合成样品的晶体结构均由XRD测定,其形貌特征则由SEM确定。应用3种不同合成方法得到了一致的水镁石—水体系氧同位素分馏系数,证明同位素平衡分馏已经达到。在实验温度范围内,水镁石—水体系氧同位素分馏系数主要决定于温度,而溶液的酸碱度、化学组分和陈化时间的影响不明显。由实验数据得到的氧同位素分馏曲线方程为:10~3Inα=1.59×10~6/T~2-14.10(r=0.9921)。结合前人对三水铝石—水体系和针铁矿—水体系氧同位素分馏系数的低温实验测定,可以得到氢氧化物中金属M—OH键的~(18)O富集顺序:Al~(3+)-OH>Fe~(3+)-OH>Mg~(2+)-OH。应用化学合成方法实验测定低温条件下水镁石—水体系氧同位素分馏系数,不仅克服了同位素交换反应实验的一些缺陷(如交换速率缓慢、仪器设备复杂昂贵等),而且可以应用不同的化学合成反应机理来检验同位素平衡是否达到,这为研究低温地球化学过程作用提供了有价值的基本参数。  相似文献