硼酸镁晶须/有机硅橡胶功能复合材料的制备和性能研究          下载免费PDF全文

张小宸  段东平 《盐湖研究》2016,24(1)

硅橡胶作为耐高低温电缆料具有优异的性能,加入无机阻燃剂在赋予硅橡胶阻燃功能的同时保持力学性能一直是研究的热点。本文通过改变乙烯基聚硅氧烷的配比,优化交联密度和交联点的位置,在提高硅橡胶撕裂强度的同时,保持硅橡胶优异的粘弹性,得到性能优异的硅橡胶。当生胶A(Vi%0.23):生胶(Vi%0.04)为4:1时,晶须在硅橡胶分散均匀,补强效果最佳;当生胶A(Vi%0.23):生胶(Vi%0.04)为2:3,在较好力学性能的条件下,阻燃性能最好。  相似文献   

The effect of fire on ant assemblages in the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve, Western Australia     

N.R. Gunawardene  J.D. Majer 《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,63(4):725-739

The invertebrates of the arid interior of Western Australia have been little studied. As part of a project investigating the effect of wild fire on vegetation in the Gibson Desert, ant species were also collected and analysed. A total of 71 ant species was identified from six replicated 250 m² plots in an area within the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve. The six sites were established in recently burnt and long unburnt areas of three main vegetation types: Triodia basedowii grassland, Triodia shinzii grassland, and Acacia aneura woodland. Twenty-nine ant species occurred exclusively in recently burnt sites, 16 species were exclusive to the long unburnt sites and the remaining 26 occurred in both site types. Functional group analyses revealed a predominance of Subordinate Camponotini and Opportunists at the long unburnt sites whereas Dominant Dolichoderinae and Generalist Myrmicinae were more common in the recently burnt sites. Ant species distribution demonstrated only a slight difference between recently burnt and long unburnt sites (P=0.1), although vegetation structure was significantly different in terms of both burn and vegetation type (P<0.05). While there are no definite trends for the impact of fire on ants in this study, the findings provide further insight into the effect of fire on invertebrates and suggest that a burning mosaic be considered as part of a management program for arid ecosystems.  相似文献   

Space-time structure and dynamics of the forecast error in a coastal circulation model of the Gulf of Lions     

Francis Auclair  Patrick Marsaleix  Pierre De Mey   《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2003,36(4):309

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Trophic guilds of EPT (Ephemeroptera,Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) in three basins of the Brazilian Savanna     

《Limnologica》2017

Insects of the orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) are prominent among stream biota and are associated with many ecological processes in these environments, meaning that a proper definition of their habits is essential. We studied EPT from three watersheds in Brazil (Paraguai, Paraná, and São Francisco) in order to (i) determine the trophic guilds of EPT genera sampled; (ii) determine whether trophic guilds reflect EPT phylogenetic component (taxonomic distance); (iii) compare trophic guild composition among watersheds; and (iv) verify the effect of environmental components in trophic guild composition. Eight trophic guilds were determined based on gut content analysis: detritivores, fine-detritivores, fine-detritivores/algivores, coarse-detritivores, coarse-detritivore/algivores, periphytivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Caddisflies presented the most variable diet and many genera belonged to different trophic guilds in different basins. Overall trophic guild composition did not reflect the taxonomic distance among taxa and it did not differ among the three basins. Instead, EPT guilds were related to local environmental variables, evidencing that their diet probably varies according to local resource availability, highlighting the importance of empirical assessments of diet for ecological studies.  相似文献   

京津冀地区县域环境胁迫时空格局及驱动因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周侃  李会  申玉铭 《地理学报》2020,75(9):1934-1947

环境胁迫反映人类生产生活过程中污染物输出对区域环境系统产生的综合压力。本文基于县域污染物排放和人口社会经济数据库,运用熵权法综合测度县域环境胁迫指数（ESI）,解析2012—2016年京津冀地区环境胁迫的时空格局及各类主体功能区环境胁迫特征,并针对县域环境胁迫的空间效应,在STIRPAT模型框架基础上,运用地理加权回归方法定量估计县域环境胁迫的社会经济驱动力。结果表明：① 京津冀地区面临的环境胁迫态势显著缓解,2012年以来ESI降幅达到54.68%。其中,以北京、唐山、天津、石家庄等中心城区以及滨海新区下降最为显著,县域环境胁迫程度由中心城区向外围呈梯度递减,到2016年环境胁迫高等级县域已经消除;② 5年间京津冀地区县域环境胁迫的空间溢出效应趋强,并在津唐地区呈现空间锁定和路径依赖;③ 优化开发和重点开发区域两类城市化地区是京津冀水气环境的主要承压区,其环境胁迫程度占京津冀地区全域的65.98%,仍然是环境污染防治与管控的重点区域;④ 人口规模和经济发展水平是县域环境胁迫的控制性因素,此外还受环境处理技术水平、农业生产投入强度、国土开发强度以及城镇化等因素影响;⑤ 各驱动因素对县域环境胁迫的驱动作用存在空间异质性,需针对驱动力作用强度及其空间差异,采取差别化环境治理与源头减排对策,精准提升京津冀地区环境协同管制效果。  相似文献   

Defining ecological indicators of trawling disturbance when everywhere that can be fished is fished: A Mediterranean case study     

S. de Juan  M. Demestre  S. Thrush 《Marine Policy》2009

Selecting indicators of the response of the benthic community to fishing effort restrictions is important for testing the efficacy of management actions that seek to minimise ecosystem degradation. Components of epifaunal communities are sensitive to trawling, and concordant measurements of trawling effort can be used to establish a link between response and impact variables. Trawling effort on Mediterranean fishing grounds can be assessed, but the lack of data from communities inhabiting these areas makes establishing the response–impact relationship difficult. This study addresses this challenge by investigating benthic communities from the NW Mediterranean subjected to a gradient of fishing effort, and confirms that indicators based on functional components of epibenthos can be a useful tool to describe the response of communities to disturbance across habitat types.  相似文献   

生物磁性纳米材料——磁小体培养优化及形成过程研究     

张宇红  武洪庆  肖天 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(4):597-605

采用正交试验的方法优化磁小体培养条件,结果使趋磁细菌OD600达到0.440(生物量为1.166×109cells/ml),同时运用磁收集传代法,使趋磁细菌Cmag值稳定在1.9—2.0。培养时用透射电镜观察磁小体形成过程,结果发现培养24h细菌体内已有较小晶体形成且沿长轴分布;48h晶体长大且形成分段链沿长轴排列;72h晶体进一步成熟仍以分段链沿长轴排列;随后细菌逐渐衰亡磁小体变小,168h可见部分自溶细菌中仍有磁小体链;192h细菌自溶磁小体链分散到环境中。还观察到磁小体在细菌分裂时采用两种分离方式,一种为磁小体分配到两个子细胞;另一种为磁小体只分配到一个子细胞。无磁小体的子细胞,一部分逐渐产生磁小体,另一部分不产生磁小体。  相似文献   

Effects of clogging on stream macroinvertebrates: An experimental approach     

Tiziano Bo  Giorgio Malacarne  Massimo Pessino  Francesca Sgariboldi 《Limnologica》2007,37(2):186-192

The influence of streambed sediment clogging on macroinvertebrate communities was investigated in the Lemme creek (NW Italy). To assess how fine sediment accumulation can influence the colonisation process and community composition of macroinvertebrates, we placed 48 traps in the riverbed. The traps consisted of boxes built with metal net (mesh 1 cm, height 15 cm, sides 5 cm) covered with nylon net except for the apex, allowing access exclusively from the top. We created four trap types filled with 100% gravel, 30% sand and 70% gravel, 70% sand and 30% gravel and 100% sand. After 20 and 40 days, we removed 6 traps/type. Macroinvertebrates rapidly colonised the traps, as we found no significant community differences between the two removal dates. Among the four trap types, we found significant differences in taxa number and abundance, which both decreased with increasing clogging. Thus, our study supports the hypothesis that clogging and the accumulation of fine substratum elements strongly affects benthic stream communities.  相似文献   

小偃54小麦的抗逆性表现     

陈海莲王剑环  王新芳祝忠毅 《河南气象》2005,(2):28-30

小偃54是一个具有杂种优势、品质优良的小麦品种。通过在豫南试种、示范及对其生理机制探讨发现：它有发达的根系，可在逆境中充分吸收营养、水分等，以满足自身营养需要和加大蒸发量，以调解渍水及旱灾条件下的生理功能和提高抵御病、旱、涝、倒伏等自然灾害的抗逆能力；具有旗叶中等、旗叶上挺的特征，因此通风透光较好，冠层温度较低，具有较高的抗干热风能力。此外，它是蛋白质含量很高的优质小麦，又是氮高效基因型，既能在逆境胁迫下充分吸收营养，又能用自身能量维护渍水条件下的生存需要，同时它又是属于高效低营养基因型。尤其适合在低磷协迫下利用其自身遗传生理特性去活化吸收营养，调解抗逆能力，获得较高产量。  相似文献   

The limitations of diversity metrics in directing global marine conservation     

《Marine Policy》2014

Biodiversity hotspots have been used extensively in setting conservation priorities for marine ecosystems. A recent Nature publication claims to have uncovered new latitudinal gradients in the evenness of reef communities and new reef hotspots based on functional diversity. Simulation models show that the purported evenness gradient is a mathematical inevitability of differences in species richness and detectability between vastly different marine ecosystems, namely ‘reefs’ in tropical, temperate, and polar regions. Constraints on evenness, along with disparity amongst communities in possible functional traits, cast doubt on the utility of global functional diversity comparisons for management of marine systems.  相似文献