Graduated incarceration: The Israeli occupation in subaltern geopolitical perspective     

Ron J. Smith 《Geoforum》2011,42(3):316-328

This paper highlights the importance of analysis of the microgeographies of occupation, and the spatially-differentiated means that the Israeli Occupation Forces use to maintain the occupation and create spaces of graduated incarceration for Palestinians. Using the examples of the hinterlands of Qalqiliyah and the old city of Al-Khalil (Hebron) in the occupied West Bank, this paper exposes the microgeographical differentiation the occupation mobilizes in its attempt to enact a panoptic sovereignty over the population, in the process of dispossession. This study challenges geopolitical formations of the state as primary actor, and focuses instead on narratives of Palestinians describing their own experiences of occupation by a hostile state. By relying on popular media, semi-structured interviews, and participant observation, this paper seeks to incorporate a Palestinian vision of life under occupation to challenge traditional geopolitical visions of the Palestinian Israeli conflict, in effect creating a subaltern geopolitical narrative.  相似文献   

沈阳市不同功能区地表土壤多环芳烃(PAHs)污染特征研究     

侯伟  刘伟  万志强  宋昀地  陈来仪  李悦  姜磊  苏丹  于海波 《气象与环境学报》2020,36(1):108-112

采用高效液相色谱法对沈阳市地表土壤中的多环芳烃（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs）进行了定量分析,研究了沈阳市地表土壤中PAHs在不同功能区的含量及分布特征。结果表明：从土壤PAHs总量来看,居民区最低,其次是商业区,交通干道、文教区和公园排在商业区之后,工业区的PAHs总量最多;从PAHs的空间差异来看,靠近工业区以及机动车车流量较大的地区PAHs含量较高,靠近文教区和居住区的地区PAHs含量较低;从PAHs种类来看,所有功能区样品中PAHs的组分分布状况较为一致,以四环PAHs含量最多,其次是五环PAHs和三环PAHs;参考美国EPA沉积物PAHs质量标准和治理标准,沈阳市内五区PAHs总量超过质量标准的功能区有工业区、交通干道（4个采样点,占比36.3%）、文教区（3个采样点,占比75%）和公园区（4个采样点,占比40%）,超过治理标准的功能区有工业区,公园区（1个采样点,占比10%）,文教区（1个采样点,25%）。  相似文献   

Effect of implementing ecosystem functional type data in a mesoscale climate model     

Seung-Jae LEE  E. Hugo BERBERY  Domingo ALCARAZ-SEGURA 《大气科学进展》2013,30(5):1373-1386

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of land-surface state representation for southern South America, which is based on "functional" attributes of vegetation, and implement a new land-cover (Ecosystem Functional Type, hereafter EFT) dataset in the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. We found that the EFT data enabled us to deal with functional attributes of vegetation and time-variant features more easily than the default land-cover data in the WRF. In order to explore the usefulness of the EFT data in simulations of surface and atmospheric variables, numerical simulations of the WRF model, using both the US Geological Survey (USGS) and the EFT data, were conducted over the La Plata Basin in South America for the austral spring of 1998 and compared with observations. Results showed that the model simulations were sensitive to the lower boundary conditions and that the use of the EFT data improved the climate simulation of 2-m temperature and precipitation, implying the need for this type of information to be included in numerical climate models.  相似文献   

我国小城镇功能结构初探：以广东省为例     

林初界  马润潮 《地理学报》1990,45(4):412-420

本文通过对广东省两种类型城镇的功能特征进行定量分析,探讨了广东省小城镇的功能结构,揭示了县城和非县城建制镇在企业所有制构成、就业结构、文教卫生设施、基础设施和接纳农村剩余劳动力等方面的差异。  相似文献   

Ab Initio Prediction of 29Si-NMR Chemical Shifts     

CHU Shidong  Li Yingxia  SONG Ni  GUAN Huashi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1)

The ability of several ab initio models to predict experimental 29Si-NMR chemical shift is examined. The shielding values of trimethylsilyl chloride (A), t-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (B) and allyltrimethylsilane (C) are calculated by GIAO, CSGT and IGAIM methods, using HF/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G*, HF/6-311+G**, B3LYP/6-311+G** and MPWlPW91/6-311+G** models respectively. The 29Si chemical shifts calculated by GIAO method using HF/6-311+G**model are highly in agreement with those obtained experimentally. All of the models above reproduce the trends of chemical shifts in all cases studied, suggesting that the models are of practical value.  相似文献   

Land-use influence on the functional organization of Afrotropical macroinvertebrate assemblages     

《Limnologica》2021

Studies investigating the effects of human activities on the functional organization of macroinvertebrate communities in tropical streams and rivers are very limited, despite these areas witnessing the greatest loss of natural forests globally. We investigated changes in taxon richness, numerical abundance and biomass of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups (FFGs) in streams draining different land-use types in the Sosiani-Kipkaren River in western Kenya. Twenty-one sites in river reaches categorized as forested, mixed, urban or agricultural were sampled during the dry and wet seasons. Collected macroinvertebrates were identified to the lowest taxon possible (mainly genus) and classified into five major FFGs; collector-gatherers, collector-filterers, scrapers, predators and shredders. There were significant (p < 0.05) spatial variation in habitat quality, organic matter standing stocks, total suspended solids, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and nutrient concentrations across land-uses, with forested sites recording lowest values in mean water temperature, electrical conductivity and nutrients while recording highest levels in dissolved oxygen concentrations. Responses in macroinvertebrates to changes in land-use varied with richness, abundance and biomass showing differences within FFGs. Biomass-based metrics responded more strongly to change in land-use while taxon richness was the least predictive, indicating replacement of taxa within FFGs across land-use types. Higher shredder abundance, biomass and richness were recorded in forested streams which were cooler with protected riparian areas and high biomass of coarse particulate organic matter. Collector-gatherers dominated agricultural and urban streams owing to an abundance of particulate organic matter and nutrients, while scrapers responded positively to increased nutrient levels and open canopy in mixed and agricultural streams where primary production and algal biomass was likely increased. Overall, this study provides further evidence of the effects of agricultural and urban land-uses on tropical streams and rivers and contributes to the use of macroinvertebrate FFGs as indicators of ecological health.  相似文献   

Marine Plankton Functional Groups Variation and Ecosystem Change     

Sun Song  Sun Xiaoxia 《地球科学进展》2014,29(7):854-858

Marine ecosystem plays a vital role in the economy and society because of its service and production function. Marine ecosystem always changes under the pressure of climate change and human activities. We concern about the status and future of the ecosystem, but it is very difficult to assess and predict the ecosystem health condition. Marine biodiversity is one of the very important indicators of the marine ecosystem change. We focus not only on species composition and quantity change of marine organisms. It is important to determine which are the main contributors to the structure and function of the ecosystem. According to the function of various plankton species in an ecosystem, they can be divided into different functional groups based on the similarity of their ecological roles. By studying the changes of the functional groups, we can enhance our ability to understand the structure and function of ecosystem, and to predict the trend of ecosystem change and the resultant effect on marine biological resource and environment under the multiple pressures of global climate change and human activities. This will help us to establish the marine ecosystem based management.  相似文献   

Multi-spectral decomposition of functional autoregressive models   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

R. Salmerón  M. D. Ruiz-Medina 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2009,23(3):289-297

Functional data models provides a suitable framework for the statistical analysis of several environmental phenomena involving continuous time evolution and/or spatial variation. The functional autoregressive model of order p,  p ≥ 1, (FAR(p)) extends to the infinite-dimensional space context the classical autoregressive model AR(p) (see, for example, Mourid T (1993) Processus autorégressiifs d’ordre supérieur. Acad Sci t.317(Sér. I):1167–1172). In this paper, we derive a multidimensional diagonalization of the functional parameters (operators) involved in the FAR(p), p > 1, formulation. The functional state equation is then transformed into a discrete system of scalar state equations. The decomposition obtained is optimal regarding information on spatiotemporal interaction affecting the evolution of the spatial behavior of the process of interest. For functional prediction and filtering, we implement the Kalman filter equations from the diagonal version derived for FAR(p) models. This work has been supported in part by projects MTM2005-08597 of the DGI, MEC, and P05-FQM-00990, P06-FQM-02271 of the Andalousian CICE, Spain.  相似文献   

功能型国际金融中心的成长与运行研究——兼论上海建设国际金融中心的问题   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

邓智团  宁越敏 《世界地理研究》2009,18(3):1-8

在世界经济高速运行稳定发展过程中,功能型国际金融中心起着至关重要的枢纽作用。本文以伦敦为例．对功能型国际金融中心的成长与运行进行了深入研究。得出如下结论：有实力强大的经济体作为运行基础;产业高端化,产业结构高度服务化,金融与商业服务业高等发达,产业空间布局集群化;高效的管理,行政管理具高度独立性,特殊高效的管理结构。最后,引出对上海建设国际金融中心的关注,并得出启示。  相似文献   

Direct forecasting of subsurface flow response from non-linear dynamic data by linear least-squares in canonical functional principal component space     

《Advances in water resources》2015

Inverse modeling is widely used to assist with forecasting problems in the subsurface. However, full inverse modeling can be time-consuming requiring iteration over a high dimensional parameter space with computationally expensive forward models and complex spatial priors. In this paper, we investigate a prediction-focused approach (PFA) that aims at building a statistical relationship between data variables and forecast variables, avoiding the inversion of model parameters altogether. The statistical relationship is built by first applying the forward model related to the data variables and the forward model related to the prediction variables on a limited set of spatial prior models realizations, typically generated through geostatistical methods. The relationship observed between data and prediction is highly non-linear for many forecasting problems in the subsurface. In this paper we propose a Canonical Functional Component Analysis (CFCA) to map the data and forecast variables into a low-dimensional space where, if successful, the relationship is linear. CFCA consists of (1) functional principal component analysis (FPCA) for dimension reduction of time-series data and (2) canonical correlation analysis (CCA); the latter aiming to establish a linear relationship between data and forecast components. If such mapping is successful, then we illustrate with several cases that (1) simple regression techniques with a multi-Gaussian framework can be used to directly quantify uncertainty on the forecast without any model inversion and that (2) such uncertainty is a good approximation of uncertainty obtained from full posterior sampling with rejection sampling.  相似文献