瞬态面波预测单桩承载力模型研究     

武炜  张献民  杨进  曹金凤 《物探与化探》2004,28(1):88-91

总结了现有单桩竖向承载力检测技术存在的一些问题,结合实例提出了一种预测单桩承载力的间接方法———瞬态面波法。剪切波速与标贯击数之间也存在着相关关系,通过标贯击数建立起剪切波速与桩侧摩阻力及桩端阻力的相关模型,应用瞬态面波测试技术可快速检测桩周土剪切波速,确定单桩承载力。  相似文献   

An Idealized Mean Wind Profile for the Atmospheric Boundary Layer     

John D. Wilson  Thomas K. Flesch 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,110(2):281-299

We test a flexible, idealized mean wind profile for the loweratmosphere that can easily be matched to whatever windobservations may be available. Its intended function is to providea `best guess' wind profile from limited observations, e.g., foruse in dispersion models, and to this end, following earlierauthors, we have matched a Monin–Obukhov layer to a baroclinic Ekman layer.To demonstrate the flexibility of the two-layer wind profile, weoptimize its free parameters to provide best interpolative fits toa sample of multi-level wind profiles. These include model windprofiles extracted from the Canadian Global EnvironmentalMulti-scale weather model (GEM), as well as experimental profilesfrom the Wangara experiment, and from an over-ocean dispersionexperiment (LROD). In most cases the two-layer profile fit issatisfactory.  相似文献   

一种基于小波系数相关性的图像降噪方法     

邵永社  陈鹰  李晶 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(9):771-774

在利用正交小波对图像进行分解的基础上,提出了一种考虑不同尺度子分量的小波系数之间是相互关联的系数概率密度函数模型,而不同尺度的系数的选择依赖于其父层系数的大小,从而保证在消除噪声的同时保留图像的边缘信息,然后再对图像进行重构。实验证明,该方法取得了较好的降噪效果。  相似文献   

一种解算病态问题的方法--两步解法   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

王振杰  欧吉坤  柳林涛 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(9):821-824

提出了一种解算病态问题的方法———两步解法。在两步计算中,均采用L曲线法来确定正则化参数α。通过算例,比较了该方法和LS估计、岭估计及截断奇异值方法的效果。结果表明,该方法要明显优于LS估计、岭估计及截断奇异值法。  相似文献   

对SRTM3和GTOPO30地形数据质量的评估   总被引：30，自引：0，他引：30  

陈俊勇 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2005,30(11):941-944

高分辨率的地形数据在基础地理信息系统、地球重力场建模和大地水准面求定等工程中至关重要。SRTM有3″×3″(SRTM3)和1″×1″(SRTM1)两种分辨率。就全球而言,SRTM3的原始数据已于2004年解密。SRTM3的高程基准是EGM96的大地水准面,平面基准是WGS84;标称绝对高程精度是±16m,绝对平面精度是±20m。SRTM3的数据只覆盖60°N至54°S带状区域内的DSM。对覆盖全球的GTOPO30的DTM也作了概要介绍。  相似文献   

一种高分辨率SAR图像快速目标检测算法   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

张翠  邹涛  王正志 《遥感学报》2005,9(1):45-49

目标检测是自动目标识别(ATR)的第一个阶段。研究合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像目标检测问题,提出了一种基于Rayleigh分布的CFAR快速检测算法,将CFAR检测分成水平和垂直CFAR检测两步进行。利用相邻点参考窗口的重合及图像的分布特性,提高了参数估计的效率。算法同时利用目标方差特性以减少虚警率。对MSTAR数据进行实验,结果表明该算法具有较好的性能。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠东南部气象参数及沙丘横断面风速特征研究     

陈顺三  马淑红薛洁罗静  吴新国程华 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(3):22-23,26

以塔克拉玛干沙漠东南部国道G315线若羌-且末沙漠公路沿线为研究区域，分析研究了塔克拉玛干东南部近43a气候特征和气候变化趋势。在上述基础上，选取复合沙丘顶部、半坡、底部和平沙地四种典型风沙地貌为床面，采用YNZX—多功能全自动集沙仪，进行野外风沙监测，获取一批有关沙丘横断面不同高度脉动风速、输沙量的珍贵资料，分析了塔克拉玛干沙漠东南部沙丘横断面风速特征，为沙漠地区修筑公路以及选线参数研究提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Sign-constrained robust least squares, subjective breakdown point and the effect of weights of observations on robustness   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

Peiliang Xu 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(1-3):146-159

The findings of this paper are summarized as follows: (1) We propose a sign-constrained robust estimation method, which can tolerate 50% of data contamination and meanwhile achieve high, least-squares-comparable efficiency. Since the objective function is identical with least squares, the method may also be called sign-constrained robust least squares. An iterative version of the method has been implemented and shown to be capable of resisting against more than 50% of contamination. As a by-product, a robust estimate of scale parameter can also be obtained. Unlike the least median of squares method and repeated medians, which use a least possible number of data to derive the solution, the sign-constrained robust least squares method attempts to employ a maximum possible number of good data to derive the robust solution, and thus will not be affected by partial near multi-collinearity among part of the data or if some of the data are clustered together; (2) although M-estimates have been reported to have a breakdown point of 1/(t+1), we have shown that the weights of observations can readily deteriorate such results and bring the breakdown point of M-estimates of Huber’s type to zero. The same zero breakdown point of the L ₁-norm method is also derived, again due to the weights of observations; (3) by assuming a prior distribution for the signs of outliers, we have developed the concept of subjective breakdown point, which may be thought of as an extension of stochastic breakdown by Donoho and Huber but can be important in explaining real-life problems in Earth Sciences and image reconstruction; and finally, (4) We have shown that the least median of squares method can still break down with a single outlier, even if no highly concentrated good data nor highly concentrated outliers exist. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

A Bayesian method for linear, inequality-constrained adjustment and its application to GPS positioning   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

J. Zhu  R. Santerre  X.-W. Chang 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,78(9):528-534

One of the typical approaches to linear, inequality-constrained adjustment (LICA) is to solve a least-squares (LS) problem subject to the linear inequality constraints. The main disadvantage of this approach is that the statistical properties of the estimate are not easily determined and thus no general conclusions about the superiority of the estimate can be made. A new approach to solving the LICA problem is proposed. The linear inequality constraints are converted into prior information on the parameters with a uniform distribution, and consequently the LICA problem is reformulated into a Bayesian estimation problem. It is shown that the LS estimate of the LICA problem is identical to the Bayesian estimate based on the mode of the posterior distribution. Finally, the Bayesian method is applied to GPS positioning. Results for four field tests show that, when height information is used, the GPS phase ambiguity resolution can be improved significantly and the new approach is feasible.  相似文献   

A type of biased estimators for linear models with uniformly biased data     

C. Kotsakis 《Journal of Geodesy》2005,79(6-7):341-350

The objective of this paper is the comparison of various types of estimators that can be used in linear models with uniformly biased data. This particular case refers to adjustment problems where the available measurements are affected by a common, unknown and uniform offset. The classic least-squares (LS) unbiased estimators for this type of models are reviewed in detail, and some additional remarks on their properties and performance are given. Furthermore, a family of biased estimators for linear models with uniformly biased data is introduced, which has the potential to provide better performance (in terms of mean squared estimation error) than the ordinary LS unbiased solutions. A number of different regularization viewpoints that can be equivalently associated with these biased estimators are presented, along with a discussion on various selection strategies that can be employed for the choice of the regularization parameter that enters into the biased estimation algorithm.  相似文献