地形坡度和高程变异系数在识别墨脱活动断裂带中的应用     

杨晓平  王萍  李晓峰  谢超  周本刚  黄雄南 《地震地质》2019,41(2):419-435

喜马拉雅东构造结位于青藏高原东南端,是欧亚板块与印度板块碰撞、会聚的地带,其内部的南迦巴瓦峰地区是喜马拉雅山东段的最高山峰,雅鲁藏布江围绕南迦巴瓦峰形成一个"几"字形的大转弯。南迦巴瓦地区东侧的雅鲁藏布江河谷位于喜马拉雅山的南麓,属于亚热带湿润气候区,分布有茂密的热带雨林植被。该地区的阿尼桥右旋走滑断裂带是南迦巴瓦构造结的东边界断裂。利用30m分辨率的DEM数据,在Arc GIS软件平台上获得了南迦巴瓦及其周边地区的地形坡度和高程变异系数2个定量地貌参数。在地形坡度分布图上,墨脱附近的雅鲁藏布江东西两岸的山体地形为坡度>30°的陡坡,在陡地形坡度的背景下,存在NE走向、断续分布的坡度为5°～25°的缓坡条带。地形高程变异系数分布图上,墨脱附近的雅鲁藏布江两岸地形为高程变异系数>0. 9的高地形起伏区,在高地形起伏区的背景上,发育NE走向、断续分布的高程变异系数为0. 2～0. 9的缓地形起伏条带。通过野外地质地貌调查和探槽开挖,发现上述地貌参数异常条带处为活动断裂通过的位置。上述工作表明,地形坡度和高程变异系数2个地貌参数的定量分析有助于发现地形坡度大、植被覆盖严重、剥蚀强度大的地区的活动断层。  相似文献   

Anthropogenic Eutrophication and Red Tide Outbreak in Lacustrine Systems of the Kashmir Himalaya     

M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101

Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩结晶分异机制概述   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3  

刘志超  吴福元  刘小驰  王建刚 《岩石学报》2020,36(12):3551-3571

近年来,喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的高分异成因得到了学术界的高度关注。另外,有调研工作发现,喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩具有良好的稀有金属成矿潜力,是未来矿产勘探的重点靶区。稀有金属元素的富集过程应与岩浆的结晶分异作用密切相关。但是,目前我们对喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的岩浆分异演化过程缺乏深入的了解,因而也难以对其成矿效应进行有效评估。针对该问题,本文选择喜马拉雅带中两个颇具代表性的、明显发生稀有金属矿化现象的岩体（特提斯喜马拉雅带中的然巴淡色花岗岩和高喜马拉雅带中的告乌淡色花岗岩）开展系统野外地质、岩相学、矿物学、岩石学和地球化学调查研究,就喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的结晶分异机制进行初步探讨。综合近年来有关花岗岩结晶分异作用的研究进展,我们认为喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩的结晶分异过程可以划分为原地结晶分异和岩浆侵位运移过程中流动分异两种主要机制,大部分的喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩应是两种机制共同作用的产物。  相似文献   

藏南错那洞铍稀有多金属成矿时代:来自热液白云母Ar-Ar年龄的约束   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

梁维  李光明  张林奎  付建刚  黄勇  张志 《沉积与特提斯地质》2020,40(1):76-81

特提斯喜马拉雅是继华南和新疆阿尔泰之后又一条新发现的大型稀有金属成矿带,其成矿时代受到广泛的关注。本文以代表性矿床错那洞铍稀有多金属矿床为研究对象,挑选出矽卡岩型矿化体中的热液白云母,利用Ar-Ar同位素定年的方式测定热液活动时间,以此限制成矿时代。结果显示错那洞穹窿矽卡岩型矿体中白云母Ar-Ar同位素坪年龄为14.21±0.22Ma,对应的~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar-~(39)Ar/~(36)Ar的等时线年龄为14.21±0.27Ma,与错那洞穹窿中具有高分异特征的白云母花岗岩浆侵位时间(～14Ma)一致,表明错那洞矽卡岩型铍稀有多金属矿床的成矿年龄为～14Ma,而与穹窿内高分异白云母花岗岩一致的年龄暗示了该高分异花岗岩为该期矽卡岩型稀有金属矿化的成矿母岩浆。  相似文献   

喜马拉雅的两个造山体系和一个转换-转移断层:证据及推论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean-Pierre BURG 《地学前缘》2006,13(4):27-46

位于中喜马拉雅和巴基斯坦境内西喜马拉雅的两个相互结合的剖面在一级单元、断层中展现出不同的构造形式;并在不同时期,以不同速率发育了二级构造。沿两剖面岩性单元的显著差异显示通常指的圆柱状喜马拉雅带并没有越过喀喇昆仑山断层。与此同时,在近来许多区域研究中显示出来的构造轮廓强调主中央逆冲断层是一个貌似与中喜马拉雅断层带和越过西部山脉的西喜马拉雅断层带有联系的独立部分。上述两个地区展现出不同的碰撞历史。这些不同之处揭示喀喇昆仑山断层是西部岛弧保留造山带与东部岛弧俯冲造山带之间转移/转换断层的再活动或衍变。  相似文献   

Genetic implications of Zn‐ and Mn‐rich Cr‐spinels in serpentinites of the Tidding Suture Zone,eastern Himalaya,NE India     

Athokpam K. Singh  Rajkumar B. Singh 《Geological Journal》2013,48(1):22-38

Metamorphosed serpentinites of the Tidding Suture Zone (TSZ), eastern Himalaya, contain variably altered Cr‐spinels that are concentrically zoned from high‐Cr, low‐Fe³⁺ spinel at the core to Cr‐magnetite at the rim. Two types of Cr‐spinel have been recognized, based on back‐scattered electron imaging in conjunction with microprobe analytical profiles. Cr‐spinel type‐I is present in the least metamorphosed serpentinite (Cr# = 0.78–0.85, Mg# = 0.38–0.45) and Cr‐spinel type‐II is present in the most highly metamorphosed serpentinite (Cr# = 0.86–0.94, Mg# = 0.10–0.34). Primary igneous compositions are preserved in the type‐I chromites whereas these compositions have been partly or completely obscured by metamorphism and alteration in type‐II grains. The enrichment of Mn and Zn increases from the type‐I (MnO = 1.86–2.42 wt.%, ZnO = 0.77–1.67 wt.%) to type‐II (MnO = 2.72–4.04 wt.%, ZnO = 1.33–3.22 wt.%) and the strong similarity in their distribution patterns implies that these elements were introduced during low‐grade metamorphism and serpentinization. The abundance of Mg‐rich chlorite and serpentine minerals suggest that olivine was the predominant silicate phase before serpentinization. Zn and Mn enrichment in the core zone of the Cr‐spinel is due to the substitution of Mg²⁺ and in part of Fe²⁺, by Zn and Mn. These elements were probably supplied from olivine upon serpentinization during and after obduction of the ophiolitic mélange along the Tidding Suture Zone in the eastern Himalaya, NE India. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献