Deep Geodynamics of the Himalaya Orogeny     

G.F.UfimtsevWT  ”BX 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

DEEP GEODYNAMICS OF THE HIMALAYA OROGENYRFBR( grant 990 56 56 38)  相似文献   

Magnetic polarity stratigraphy of Siwalik Group sediments of Karnali River section in western Nepal     

Pitambar Gautam  Yoshiki Fujiwara 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(3):812-824

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喜马拉雅超高压变质作用     

张金凤  张泽明 《地质科技情报》2006,25(4):69-73

喜马拉雅超高压变质带主要由表壳岩石组成,其中的长英质变质岩已经全部退变质,只在基性的榴辉岩中保留有某些超高压变质矿物.这些超高压变质矿物在锆石、石榴石及其他一些化学和机械性质稳定的矿物中以微米级的包裹体形式产出.到目前为止,已经在Tso Morari结晶穹隆和上Kaghan谷高喜马拉雅结晶岩中发现了超高压指示矿物柯石英和多晶石英假像.这2个地区同属一个超高压变质带,具有相似的构造背景、岩石组成及变质年龄.Kaghan谷超高压变质岩形成条件为700～770°C和2.7～3.2 GPa,相当于90～110 km 的上地幔深度,形成年龄为(46.2±0.7) Ma.Tso Morari结晶穹隆中超高压变质岩的形成条件约为750°C和3.9 GPa,形成年龄为(48±1) Ma.上述超高压变质带在其折返过程中普遍经历了强烈的水化和角闪岩相退变质作用.研究表明,印度大陆地壳俯冲的垂向速率为1.1～1.4 cm/a,水平速率为4.5 cm/a,俯冲到约100 km深度时的平均俯冲角度为14～19°.  相似文献   

Landslide hazard zonation mapping and comparative analysis of hazard zonation maps     

S. Sarkar  R. Anbalagan 《山地科学学报》2008,5(3):232-240

Landslide hazard zonation mapping at regional level of a large area provides a broad trend of landslide potential zones. A macro level landslide hazard zonation for a small area may provide a better insight into the landslide hazards. The main objective of the present work was to carry out macro landslide hazard zonation mapping on 1：50,000 scale in an area where regional level zonation mapping was conducted earlier. In the previous work the regional landslide hazard zonation maps of Srinagar- Rudraprayag area of Garhwal Himalaya in the state of Uttarakhand were prepared using subjective and objective approaches. In the present work the landslide hazard zonation mapping at macro level was carried out in a small area using a Landslide Hazard Evaluation Factor rating scheme. The hazard zonation map produced by using this technique classifies the area into relative hazard classes in which the high hazard zones well correspond with high frequency of landslides. The results of this map when compared with the regional zonation maps prepared earlier show that application of the present technique identified more details of the hazard zones, which are broadly shown in the earlier zonation maps.  相似文献   

GPS技术在测量喜马拉雅山地区板块运动和地壳垂直位移中的应用     

王文颖  杨志强  付宗堂 《地球科学与环境学报》1993,(1)

大量的研究成果普遍认为,喜马拉雅山是一座年轻的快速隆升的山脉,而支持这种主张的定量数据却不多。本文在多次实地工作的基础上(尤其是1991年所进行的全球定位系统(GPS)测量),并结合有关资料,对喜马拉雅山的板块运动和垂直地壳位移作以阶段性的研究。  相似文献   

Geomorphological and Pedological Investigations on the Glacial History of the Kali Gandaki (Nepal Himalaya)     

Markus Wagner 《GeoJournal》2005,62(3-4):91-113

In semi-arid orographic left tributaries of the Kali Gandaki at the northern and western flank of the Nilgiri Himal, glacio-geomorphological and pedological investigations were carried out on prehistoric moraines. Geomorphological relief analysis was derived from other literature and the own fieldwork of the author. The resulting glacial chronology was used as benchmark to explore the limits of different pedological dating methods regarding the degree of soil development. These methods are based on iron fractionation, total element contents and particle size distribution. In general the different glacial stages are mirrored correctly in the relative graduation of soil development. The ratio of well crystallised pedogenic iron-oxides to the total iron content and the ratio fine clay to total clay are most suitable, because they are almost independent from existing changes in the lithological composition. The total element based weathering indices are less suitable, because they react highly sensitive to the geology dependent shift to higher carbonate contents. Most of the grain size based weathering indices are inapplicable because of the typically high textural variability within till deposits.  相似文献   

Study of thermal properties of supraglacial debris and degree-day factors on Lirung Glacier,Nepal     

Mohan Bahadur Chand  Rijan Bhakta Kayastha 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(5):357-368

The extensive debris that covers glaciers in the ablation zone of the Himalayan region plays an important part in regulating ablation rates and water availability for the downstream region. The melt rate of ice is determined by the amount of heat conducted through debris material lying over the ice. This study presents the vertical temperature gradients, thermal properties in terms of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity, and positive degree-day factors for the debris-covered portion of Lirung Glacier in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya using field-based measurements from three different seasons.Field measurements include debris temperatures at different debris thicknesses, air temperature, and ice melt during the monsoon(2013), winter(2013), and pre-monsoon(2014) seasons. We used a thermal equation to estimate thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity, and degree-day factors(DDF) were calculated from cumulative positive temperature and ice melt of the measurement period. Our analysis of debris temperature profiles at different depths of debris show the daily linear gradients of-20.81 °C/m, 4.05 °C/m, and-7.79 °C/m in the monsoon, winter, and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. The values of thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity in the monsoon season were 10 times greater than in the winter season. The large difference in these values is attributed to surface temperature and moisture content within the debris. Similarly, we found higher values of DDFs at thinner debris for the pre-monsoon season than in the monsoon season although we observed less melting during the pre-monsoon season. This is attributed to higher cumulative temperature during the monsoon season than in the pre-monsoon season. Our study advances our understanding of heat conductivity through debris material in different seasons, which supports estimating ice melt and discharge from glacierized river basins with debris-covered glaciers in the Himalayan region.  相似文献   

Geochemistry of Renuka Lake and wetland sediments,Lesser Himalaya (India): implications for source-area weathering,provenance, and tectonic setting     

Brijraj K. Das  Birgit-Gaye  Parkash Kaur 《Environmental Geology》2008,54(1):147-163

The geochemical investigation of sediments deposited in the Renuka Lake basin and its adjoining wetland has shown variation in the distribution and concentration of major, trace and REEs. The major elements are depleted in the lake in relation to wetland and that of Post Archaean Australian, Shale (PAAS), except for CaO which is strikingly in excess and has a dilution effect on SiO₂ and other oxides and trace elements. The Wetland sediments, on the other hand, are enriched in Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, K₂O and TiO₂ and the latter three show a positive correlation with Al₂O₃ in both wetland and lake sediments suggesting their association with phyllosilicates and similar source rocks. The enrichment of Y, Zr, Ni, Th, U and Nb in wetland compared to lake and their similarity with PAAS in the former, suggests more clay fractions in the wetland. A high Zr/Hf ratio in wetland and lake sediments and a positive correlation of Zr with Y and HREE indicate Zr control on HREEs. However, higher Zr/Yb and Zr/Th ratios in wetland compared to lake indicate mineral sorting during the process of lighter particles (clays) being trapped in wetland soil. This is also reflected from negative correlation of Gd_N/Yb_N with Al₂O₃ and a strong positive correlation with SiO₂ in wetland sediments. The wetland in this context has a control on lake sediment chemistry. The chondrite normalized REE patterns are essentially the same for lake as well as wetland sediments but abundance decreases in the former. The similarity of pattern with that of PAAS and negative Eu anomaly indicates a cratonic source of sediments. In a plot of the individual samples, wetland samples cluster while lake samples are separated indicating fractionation of lake sediments. A strong positive correlation of La_N/Yb_N with Al₂O₃ and a positive correlation of Zr-∑LREE and Zr-La_N/Yb_N suggest that LREEs are controlled by both phyllosilicates and zircon. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) indices in lake sediments and in wetland are higher than PAAS indicating moderate chemical weathering in the source area. The petrography, lack of felsic magmatic rock fragments, and negative correlation between Zr-(Gd/Yb)_C indicate sedimentary source rocks for the detritus. This is in conformity with the Lesser Himalayan sedimentary sequence belonging to neo-Proterozoic–Proterozoic age and constituting lake catchment of Renuka. The tectonic delineation and discriminant function plots of lake and wetland sediments indicate their cratonic and/or quartzose sedimentary orogenic terrain source that has been deposited in a passive margin setting.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅造山带变泥质岩系及其地球化学特征   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

曾令森  梁凤华  许志琴  戚学祥 《岩石学报》2008,24(7)

高喜马拉雅结晶岩系和北喜马拉雅穹隆都发育高角闪岩相-麻粒岩相变泥质岩,岩石组合以富铝质片麻岩类为主,伴生钾质花岗片麻岩、大理岩及基性麻粒岩等.元素地球化学特征表明,其原岩主要为较富铝的长石质砂岩和石英岩质砂岩及少量粘土岩,形成于大陆边缘浅海相沉积环境.这些变泥质岩具有相似的微量元素和稀土元素地球化学特征,表现为大离子亲石元素相对高场强元素较富集,轻稀土较重稀土富集,稀土总量较高,具有较显著的Eu负异常.在变质矿物组合、元素地球化学特征及锆石组成等特征上,它们与青藏高原北缘的康西瓦和阿尔金孔兹岩系相似,可能是来源于冈瓦纳大陆边缘的同一套岩石.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅造山带晚中新世麻迦淡色花岗岩的构建机制   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡古月  曾令森  陈翰  高利娥 《地质学报》2016,90(8):1737-1754

在北喜马拉雅萨迦片麻岩穹窿西南侧发育有麻迦淡色花岗岩体,出露于南北向申扎—定结裂谷正断层的下盘,属一处较大规模的晚中新世淡色花岗岩体。该岩体具有较均一的元素和同位素(Sr和Nd)组成,但与多数喜马拉雅淡色花岗岩相比,具有异常高的(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i比值(0.85033~0.85034)和异常低的_(εNd)(t)值(-19.26~-18.30)组成,指示其部分熔融源区有更成熟古老地壳物质的参与。麻迦淡色花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果显示:1该岩体主要记录了至少两阶段岩浆结晶作用,分别发生在11.6±0.2 Ma和9.6±0.2 Ma;2个别13.8~16.0 Ma的岩浆作用年龄;3多数锆石继承核年龄分布于泛非期,少数年龄为中元古代(1558~1584 Ma)。在麻迦淡色花岗岩体南侧约40km处的日玛那穹窿,同位于申扎—定结南北向正断层的下盘,出露有大量原岩年龄为古元古代的日玛那糜棱岩,元素地球化学特征上类似于变泥质岩,显示高SiO_2(70.6%~74.6%),Al_2O_3(12.3%~14.0%),K_2O(4.22%~4.93%),A/CNK(1.50~1.58)和K_2O/Na_2O(1.42~2.18),代表了部分熔融源区可能存在的古老地壳物质岩石单元。因此,以麻迦淡色花岗岩为代表的北喜马拉雅晚中新世地壳深熔作用可能与青藏高原后碰撞阶段东西向伸展作用相关,泛非期变泥质岩及少量日玛那糜棱岩所代表的更古老岩石单元在16.0 Ma开始发生部分熔融,并在11.6 Ma至9.6 Ma之间达到深熔作用峰期,熔体活动可能持续了~2myr,以岩脉汇聚的形式延南北向正断层上升,构成侵位至北喜马拉雅特提斯沉积岩系之中的晚中新世麻迦淡色花岗岩体。  相似文献