Atmospheric methane over the past 2000 years from a sub-tropical ice core,central Himalayas     

Ken MacClune 《山地科学学报》2010,7(1):1-14

A high-resolution 2000-year methane record has been constructed from an ice core recovered at 7200 m a.s.l. on the Dasuopu Glacier in the central Himalayas. This sub-tropical methane record reveals an increasing trend in the concentration of methane during the industrial era that is similar to observations from polar regions. However, we also observed the differences in the atmospheric methane mixing ratio between this monsoon record and those from polar regions during pre-industrial times. In the time interval 0-1850 A.D., the average methane concentration in the Dasuopu ice core was 782±40 ppbv and the maximum temporal variation exceeded 200 ppbv. The difference gradient of methane concentration in Dasuopu ice core with Greenland and Antarctica cores are 66±40 ppbv and 107±40 ppbv, respectively. This suggests that the tropical latitudes might have acted as a major global methane source in pre- industrial times. In addition, the temporal fluctuation of the pre-industrial methane records suggests that monsoon evolution incorporated with high methane emission from south Asia might be responsible for the relatively high methane concentration observed in the Dasuopu ice core around A.D. 800 and A.D. 1600. These results provide a rough understanding of the contribution of tropical methane source to the global methane budget and also the relationship between atmospheric methane and climate change.  相似文献   

"空中调水"设想的可行性研究   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

高登义  蹇咏啸 《高原气象》2007,26(6):1311-1318

"空中调水"设想是改变雅鲁藏布大峡谷及其以北地形来改善向北水汽输送.根据气候资料和新建立的南亚季风指数,选择历史上最强的季风年,通过简便可行的计算方案来讨论这个设想在气象学上的可行性.初步诊断分析表明,在制约印度洋暖湿水汽通过雅鲁藏布大峡谷通道继续向北输送的因素中,地形阻碍固然重要,但与青藏高原地形有关的大尺度环流的辐合作用更为重要;而要改变大尺度环流则比改变局地地形更为困难.从气象学条件来看,即使改变了雅鲁藏布大峡谷及其以北地区的地形,也很难实现"空中调水"的设想.  相似文献   

珠穆朗玛峰北坡局地环流日变化的观测研究   总被引：19，自引：14，他引：5  

邹捍  周立波  马舒坡  李鹏  李爱国  霍翠萍 《高原气象》2007,26(6):1123-1140

青藏高原地-气间的物质/能量交换是高原与全球大气系统相联系的重要纽带.陡峭的地形和强烈的地表差异在高原山区形成特殊的局地大气环流系统,在地气交换中起着重要作用.为研究珠峰北坡的局地环流系统,于2006年5～6月间在珠峰北坡绒布河谷实施强化观测实验HEST2006,对该地区的局地环流以及辐射和热力状况进行观测,分析了该地区局地环流的日变化过程,包括:(1)地面风场的分布和变化;(2)风场垂直结构;(3)垂直运动及可能的驱动机制.研究表明,该地区局地大气环流是由地形与地表状态调整的大气辐射加热和冷却所驱动,包含多种不同的山地环流成分,与典型山谷风环流不同,具有很强的特殊性,对地气问的交换有重要影响.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅山区与横断山区自然条件对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑度 《山地学报》1988,(3)

喜马拉雅山区和横断山区均处于中低纬,具干湿分明的季风气候特点。两个山区地势不同,温度和水分状况的区域分异明显。这些反映在垂直自然带的结构类型、组合与界线的变化上,以及在土地利用结构上。人口压力与不合理的开发利用带来日趋突出的环境问题,如扩大垦殖、破坏森林、水土流失加剧及频繁暴发的泥石流灾害等。  相似文献   

Vertical distribution changes in land cover between 1990 and 2015 within the Koshi River Basin,Central Himalayas     

WU Xue  PAUDEL Basanta  ZHANG Yili  LIU Linshan  WANG Zhaofeng  XIE Fangdi  GAO Jungang  SUN Xiaomin 《地理学报(英文版)》2021,31(10):1419-1436

The study of mountain vertical natural belts is an important component in the study of regional differentiation.These areas are especially sensitive to climate change and have indicative function,which is the core of three-dimensional zonality research.Thus,based on high precision land cover and digital elevation model (DEM) data,and supported by MATLAB and ArcGIS analyses,this paper aimed to study the present situation and changes of the land cover vertical belts between 1990 and 2015 on the northern and southern slopes of the Koshi River Basin (KRB).Results showed that the vertical belts on both slopes were markedly dif-ferent from one another.The vertical belts on the southern slope were mainly dominated by cropland,forest,bare land,and glacier and snow cover.In contrast,grassland,bare land,sparse vegetation,glacier and snow cover dominated the northern slope.Study found that the main vertical belts across the KRB within this region have not changed substantially over the past 25 years.In contrast,on the southern slope,the upper limits of cropland and bare land have moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of forest and glacier and snow cover have moved to higher elevation.The upper limit of alpine grassland on the northern slope retreated and moved to higher elevation,while the lower limits of glacier and snow cover and vegetation moved northward to higher elevations.Changes in the vertical belt were influenced by climate change and human activities over time.Cropland was mainly controlled by human activities and climate warming,and the reduced precipitation also led to the abandonment of cropland,at least to a certain extent.Changes in grassland and forest ecosystems were predominantly influenced by both human activities and climate change.At the same time,glacier and snow cover far away from human activities was also mainly influenced by climate warming.  相似文献   

Response of Glacier and Lake Covariations to Climate Change in Mapam Yumco Basin on Tibetan Plateau during 1974–2003     

叶庆华  姚檀栋  陈锋  康世昌  张雪芹  王毅 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2008,19(2):135-145

The study of spatial and temporal covariances of glaciers and lakes would help us to understand the impact of climate change within a basin in Tibet. This study focuses on glacier and lake variations in the Mapam Yumco(玛旁雍错)Basin (covering 7 786.44 km2)by Integrationg series of spatial data from topographic maps and digital satellite images at four different times 1974, 1990, 1999,and 2003. The results indicate that (1) decreased lakes, retreated glaciers, enlarged lakes and advanced glaciers co-exist in the basin during the last 30 years; (2) glacier recession was accelerated in recent years due to the warmer climate; (3) lake areas in the basin are both reduced and enlarged by an accelerated speed with more water supplies from speeding melt glaciers or frozen ground in the last three decades.  相似文献   

我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖遥感调查与编目   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

王欣  刘时银  姚晓军  郭万钦  余蓬春  许君利 《地理学报》2010,65(1):29-36

随着我国新一期冰川编目工作的进行和深入,开展全国范围内的冰湖编目已提上日程。基于278幅大比例尺地形图(20世纪70-80年代)、38景ASTER影像和7景TM(2004-2008年),通过建立冰湖编目规范,对我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖进行遥感调查与编目,分析近30年来冰湖的分布及其变化特征。结果显示:(1)本区2004-2008年间共有冰湖1680个,总面积215.28km²;(2)近30年来我国喜马拉雅山地区冰湖变化总体呈现数量减少、面积增大的趋势,数量减少了4%;总面积增大了29%;(3)近30年来有294个冰湖消失,新增加224个冰湖,变化最快的为冰碛湖,在消失的冰湖中66%为冰碛湖,新增加的冰湖中88%为冰碛湖。进一步分析表明冰湖面积增加是气候变暖、冰川退缩和冰川加速消融的产物。  相似文献   

Factors controlling specific sediment yield in the upper Indus River basin,northern Pakistan     

Khawaja Faran Ali  Dirk H. de Boer 《水文研究》2008,22(16):3102-3114

Estimates of sediment yield are essential in water resources analysis, modelling and engineering, in investigations of continental denudation rates, and in studies of drainage basin response to changes in climate and land use. The availability of high resolution, global environmental datasets offers an opportunity to examine the relationships between specific sediment yield (SY_sp) and drainage basin attributes in a geographical information system (GIS) environment. This study examines SY_sp at 14 long‐term gauging stations within the upper Indus River basin. Twenty‐nine environmental variables were derived from global datasets, the majority with a 1 × 1 km resolution. The SY_sp ranges from 194 to 1302 t km^?2 yr^?1 for sub‐basins ranging from 567 to 212 447 km². The high degree of scatter in SY_sp is greatly reduced when the stations are divided into three groups: upper, glacierized sub‐basins; lower, monsoon sub‐basins; and the main Indus River. Percentage snow/ice cover (LC_s) emerges as the single major land cover control for SY_sp in the high mountainous upper Indus River basin. A regression model with percentage snow/ice cover (LC_s) as the single independent variable explains 73·4% of the variance in SY_sp for the whole Indus basin. A combination of percentage snow/ice cover (LC_s), relief and climate variables explains 98·5% of the variance for the upper, glacierized sub‐basins. For the lower monsoon region, a regression model with only mean annual precipitation (P) explains 99·4% of the variance. Along the main Indus River, a regression model including just basin relief (R) explains 92·4% of the variance in SY_sp. Based on the R²_adj and P‐value statistics, the variables used are capable of explaining the majority of variance in the upper Indus River basin. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

喜马拉雅北部地区春季大气特征及日变化分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘新  刘晓汝  马耀明  李伟平 《地球科学进展》2010,25(8):836-843

利用珠峰北部地区的观测资料和AIRS卫星遥感资料,分析了喜马拉雅北部地区的大气日变化及其垂直结构.结果发现喜马拉雅北部地区气温日变化具有明显的单峰单谷型特征,一天气温最高值出现在18:00左右,最低值出现在早上7:00～9:00.风速的日变化呈现单峰型特征.气压的平均日变化呈双峰双谷型分布特征,气压极大值出现在2:00和12:00,气压极小值出现在6:00和19:00时,其中19:00出现气压最小值.感热通量、潜热通量的平均日变化和气温日变化具有一致性,春季感热通量大于潜热通量.净辐射通量的日变化特征是单峰型特征,每日最大值出现的时间比感热通量及潜热通量的最大值出现的时间早2个小时.引起高原地区日变化剧烈有2个主要原因:一是高原地区大气柱的质量较小,对太阳辐射的削弱较小,且相同的辐射加热和冷却可使较少大气产生较大温度变化;二是高原地区是大气云光学厚度较小的区域,由此可使地面在日间接受较强烈的太阳短波辐射而增温较大,在夜间又接受较小的大气长波逆辐射而降温较大.  相似文献   

Palaeoproterozoic metamorphism in the Jeori-Wangtu Gneissic Complex (JWGC), western Himalayas     

N.C. Pant  A. Kundu  Rakesh Kumar  B.S. Dorka  S. Prasher   《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2006,26(6):585-604

The Jeori-Wangtu Gneissic Complex (JWGC) exposed as a tectonic window in the Lesser Himalayas represents one of the oldest Gneissic Complex of the Himalayas. Foliated granite and the metapelite constitute the dominant lithologies of the JWGC. The western margin of the JWGC is bounded by a brittle shear while in the east, the tectonic surface is a ductile shear zone.Kyanite schist, chloritoid schist, staurolite schist (St-1), garnet schist and staurolite schist (St-2) are present in a west to east sequence beginning from near to the Jhakhri thrust and up to the contact with the JWGC granite. Mica schist is intermittently present and is the dominant metapelite. Low to medium grade regional metamorphic conditions has been inferred for these rocks.Calc silicate enclaves within the JWGC granite preserve the contact metamorphic effects. These are reflected in development of narrow zones of disequilibrium assemblages of calcareous garnet (grs₅₃), clinopyroxene, K feldspar, calcic plagioclase (An₈₆), quartz, zoned sphene, zoned allanite, amphiboles, calcite and epidote.Recording of contact metamorphic assemblage of 1.80 Ga granite witin the enclave calc silicates and in the host metapelites over an earlier, relict low to medium grade assemblage indicates that the JWGC preserves palaeoproterozoic metamorphic imprints.  相似文献