Identification of soil degradation during earthquake excitations by Bayesian inference     

Jianye Ching  Steven D. Glaser 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(6):845-869

A Bayesian inference approach is introduced to identify soil degradation behaviours at four downhole array sites. The approach of inference is based on a parametric time‐varying infinite impulse response filter model. The approach is shown to be adaptive to the changes of filter parameters and noise amplitudes. Four sites, including the Lotung (Taiwan), Chiba (Japan), Garner Valley (California), and Treasure Island (California) sites with downhole seismic arrays are analysed. Our results show two major types of soil degradation behaviour: the well‐known strain‐dependent softening, and reduction in stiffness that is not instantaneously recoverable. It is also found that both types of soil degradation are more pronounced in sandy soils than in clayey soils. The mechanism for the second type of soil degradation is not yet clear to the authors and suggested to be further studied. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Inelastic displacement ratios for evaluation of existing structures     

Jorge Ruiz‐García  Eduardo Miranda 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(8):1237-1258

Results of a detailed statistical study of constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands on existing structures from maximum lateral elastic displacement demands are presented. These ratios were computed for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems with different levels of lateral strength normalized to the strength required to remain elastic when subjected to a relatively large ensemble of recorded earthquake ground motions. Three groups of soil conditions with shear wave velocities higher than 180m/s are considered. The influence of period of vibration, level of lateral yielding strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source, and strain‐hardening ratio are evaluated and discussed. Mean inelastic displacement ratios and those associated with various percentiles are presented. A special emphasis is given to the dispersion of these ratios. It is concluded that distance to the source has a negligible influence on constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios. However, for periods smaller than 1s earthquake magnitude and soil conditions have a moderate influence on these ratios. Strain hardening decreases maximum inelastic displacement at a fairly constant rate depending on the level of relative strength for periods of vibration longer than about 1.0s while it decreases maximum inelastic displacement non‐linearly as the period of vibration shortens and as the relative‐strength ratio increases for periods of vibration shorter than 1.0s. Finally, results from non‐linear regression analyses are presented that provide a simplified expression to be used to approximate mean inelastic displacement ratios during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic risk assessments and GIS technology: applications to infrastructures in the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy)     

Raffaella Codermatz  Rinaldo Nicolich  Dario Slejko 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(11):1677-1690

This paper illustrates the seismic risk preliminary estimates of two different groups of structures located on the territory of the Friuli–Venezia Giulia region (NE Italy) : the first group includes some special industrial plants, and the second group includes bridges and tunnels belonging to the regional highway network. The part of the study on special industrial plants tries to evaluate the degree of expected damage, taking into account their structural typology and ground shaking expressed in terms of macroseismic intensity. The second part of the study is an application of the HAZUS methodology to the tunnels and bridges of a highway network: the combination of expected ground shaking and the construction characteristics lead to very different risk levels, especially when considering the bridges. The resulting damage levels to bridges and tunnels are still only indicative because of the fragility curves used in the evaluations: they were developed for existing bridge and tunnel structural typologies in the U.S.A. Moreover, both examples show the power of GIS technology in storing, elaborating, and mapping spatial data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

论层序地层学与含油气系统在油气勘探中的联系——以鄂尔多斯中生代盆地为例   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

屈红军李文厚  梅志超陈全红 《地质论评》2003,49(5):495-500

虽然层序地层学与含油气系统理论的各自研究对象和研究方法不同，但由于层序地层学研究对象(沉积岩)是含油气系统研究对象(油气)的载体，二者可以由含油气盆地分析有机的结合起来。层序地层分析包含了对含油气系统的地质要素及成藏作用载体的分析，因而沉积层序的组成单元与含油气系统的地质要素有必然的联系：在一个沉积盆地的数个沉积层序中，成熟烃源岩往往是地史中具一定埋深、分布广、厚度大、有机质含量高的凝缩层，这个凝缩层往往是一个构造超层序的最大海(湖)泛面；储集岩往往是成熟烃源岩之上层序的低水位体系域或紧邻成熟烃源岩的高水位体系域；有效盖层为储集岩之上层序的水进体系域及凝缩层；成熟烃源岩之上的沉积层序为上覆岩层；低水位体系域储集岩有可能沿上倾方向尖灭，被层序界面及其上层序的水进体系域岩性圈闭；除构造裂缝外，低水位体系域下切谷可作为油气向上运移通道；一个含油气系统往往跨越不同的沉积层序甚至构造超层序。  相似文献   

将EPSW与MAPGIS集成进行管线测量和管理的探讨——EPSW和MAPGIS在沙钢管网信息系统中的应用     

彭绍才  程新文 《北京测绘》2003,(3):21-24

随着测量和地理信息技术的发展,管网信息系统的应用越来越广泛,并日趋受到人们的重视。数据采集和管理的分离,无疑会浪费大量的人力、物力和财力。本文以张家港市沙钢集团管网建设为例,介绍了EPSW(Electronic plane-table Surveying and Mapping System for Windows)电子平板测绘软件和MAPGIS结合进行管网的数据采集和管理的设想。  相似文献   

次天气尺度及中尺度暴雨系统研究进展   总被引：37，自引：8，他引：37       下载免费PDF全文

高守亭  赵思雄  周晓平  孙淑清  陶诗言 《大气科学》2003,27(4):618-627

回顾了75年来中国科学院大气物理研究所科研人员在次天气尺度及中尺度暴雨系统领域的研究工作,这些领域主要包括暴雨、中尺度低空急流、低涡、梅雨锋结构及梅雨锋生、对称不稳定和涡层不稳定以及暴雨等灾害天气的天气动力学及数值模拟研究等;总结了在次天气尺度及中尺度暴雨系统研究的不同时期所取得的成就以及这些成就在防止和减轻中尺度暴雨灾害方面所起到的重要作用.  相似文献   

对流云人工增雨作业等级预报   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

叶建元  徐永和  丁建武  石燕 《气象》2003,29(4):40-43

结合南方对流云人工影响天气作业特点，在人影作业判据各项分指标的基础上，提出一种综合性判据，为基层人影作业提供操作性较强的人影作业指标。通过2001年作业试验，将作业等级结论与积云数值模拟结果和实际降水进行分析，验征了人影作业等级预报的可行性，这对于对流云人工影响天气作业指挥具有实际的意义。  相似文献   

A comparison of three image-object methods for the multiscale analysis of landscape structure   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Geoffrey J. Hay  Thomas Blaschke  Danielle J. Marceau  Andr Bouchard 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2003,57(5-6):327

Within the conceptual framework of Complex Systems, we discuss the importance and challenges in extracting and linking multiscale objects from high-resolution remote sensing imagery to improve the monitoring, modeling and management of complex landscapes. In particular, we emphasize that remote sensing data are a particular case of the modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) and describe how image-objects provide a way to reduce this problem. We then hypothesize that multiscale analysis should be guided by the intrinsic scale of the dominant landscape objects composing a scene and describe three different multiscale image-processing techniques with the potential to achieve this. Each of these techniques, i.e., Fractal Net Evolution Approach (FNEA), Linear Scale-Space and Blob-Feature Detection (SS), and Multiscale Object-Specific Analysis (MOSA), facilitates the multiscale pattern analysis, exploration and hierarchical linking of image-objects based on methods that derive spatially explicit multiscale contextual information from a single resolution of remote sensing imagery. We then outline the weaknesses and strengths of each technique and provide strategies for their improvement.  相似文献   

青藏高原上中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的个例分析及其比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

ZHU Guofu  CHEN Shoujun 《大气科学进展》2003,20(3):311-322

对1995年7月25—28日高原上连续数日出现MCSs的现象进行了红外云图特征及其演变、大尺度环境背景场和对流有效位能的分析。可以发现，所有这些MCSs有着相似的日变化演变过程；它们的初始对流在中午由于日射加热开始活跃，之后迅速发展，这些MCSs在后下午形成，在傍晚达到最强，之后逐渐减弱。其中26日MCS最为强大，它是在单一的强大的近于圆形的高原反气旋高压背景下受强的低层热力强迫和条件不稳定的驱动而发生的。这些发生条件都与高原本身的热力作用紧密相关，所以它的发生发展主要与高原特有的较为纯粹的热力因子相联系。28日MCS是另一个很强的MCS，它明显地受到中纬度西风槽的斜压区的影响，这二个很强的MCS有着不同的发展机制和显著不同的表现特征。  相似文献   

实验速度场测量技术及对流边界层特征研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

LI Pingyang  JIANG Weimei  SUN Jianning  YUAN Renmin 《大气科学进展》2003,20(4):631-637

在对流槽中对对流边界层(CBL)温度场实验研究的基础上,进一步尝试通过实验技术测量速度场并分析研究CBL中的速度场特征。在应用PIV测量技术时选用铝粉作示踪粒子。实验证明了在混合层中速度分布明显具有对流边界层热泡特性;混合层顶部的速度分布很好地反应出夹卷层的结构特征;湍流速度特征量的垂直分布合理,与野外实测结果和类似的对流槽实验结果接近;误差分析表明示踪粒子的跟随性良好,粒子速度的测量结果能真实地反应流体的运动特征,从而得证了分析结果的可靠性。  相似文献