马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)四种壳色选育系F₅ 的生长及遗传多样性分析     

朱晓闻  刘志刚  王辉  邬思荣 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(1):160-165

采用跟踪测量和微卫星(SSR)技术研究了马氏珠母贝四种壳色选育系F5和对照组的存活率、生长情况及遗传多样性。结果表明,四种壳色选育系和对照组的生长性状之间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。从30对微卫星引物中扩增筛选获得8个多态位点,多态位点比例为26.67%,它们在4个壳色选育系共120个个体中产生了42个等位基因,平均每个多态位点产生5.25个。4个选育系的平均期望杂合度范围为0.6622—0.6850,平均观察杂合度范围为0.2708—0.4667,平均多态信息含量PIC值范围为0.6025—0.6190,说明4个选育系的遗传多样性处于较高水平,具有育种潜力;平均遗传偏离指数均为负值,4个选育系均存在不同程度的杂合子缺失。遗传分化和遗传距离分析表明白壳色选育系与红壳色选育系之间的亲缘关系最近,黑壳色与白壳色之间的遗传距离最大。  相似文献   

卵胎生鱼许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii) 雌亲家系的微卫星鉴     

初冠囡  姜黎明  于海洋  张正睿  王亚楠  姜海滨  张全启 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(3):670-676

本研究利用17对微卫星标记对4个许氏平雌本所生家系进行初步鉴别。结果表明,17个位点在家系#1中可以获得的雄亲等位基因数为1—2个,家系#2扩增的雄亲等位基因数为2—5个,另外2个家系中扩增的雄亲等位基因数为2—4个,未出现6个以上等位基因的情况,初步断定,家系#1为一雌一雄交尾的全同胞家系,家系#3和#4是一雌二雄交尾的半同胞家系,而家系#2为一雌三雄交尾的半同胞家系。本文结果可为今后建立以家系为基础的许氏平遗传图谱构建、生产性状的遗传力估算及选择育种体系建立提供一定的理论基础和技术支撑。  相似文献   

Effects of sewage discharges on lipid and fatty acid composition of the Patagonian bivalve Diplodon chilensis     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,80(1-2):211-219

Lipid and fatty acid (FA) composition and selected oxidative stress parameters of freshwater clams (Dipolodon chilensis), from a sewage-polluted (SMA) and a clean site, were compared. Trophic markers FA were analyzed in clams and sediment. Saturated FA (SAFA), and bacteria and sewage markers were abundant in SMA sediments, while diatom markers were 50% lower. Proportions of SAFA, branched FA, 20:5n − 3 (EPA) and 22:6n − 3 (DHA) were higher in SMA clams. Chronic exposure of D. chilensis to increasing eutrophication affected its lipid and FA composition. The increase in EPA and DHA proportions could be an adaptive response, which increases stress resistance but could also lead to higher susceptibility to lipid peroxidation TBARS, lipofuscins (20-fold) and GSH concentrations were higher in SMA clams. FA markers indicated terrestrial plant detritus and bacteria are important items in D. chilensis diet. Anthropogenic input in their food could be traced using specific FA as trophic markers.  相似文献   

东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物中部分脂类标记物的分布与来源   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

褚宏大  苏荣国  王修林  王江涛  曹芳  卢璐 《海洋科学》2008,32(10):68-76

通过对2005年和2006年东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物部分脂类标记物（正构烷烃、脂肪酸等）的分析,初步探讨了表层沉积物有机物的来源。沉积物中正构烷烃的碳优势指数Icp值及姥鲛烷／植烷的质量比（Pr／Ph）普遍较低,而n-C16,n-C18的质量分数较高。分析表明,石油烃是东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物脂肪烃的主要成分。来源于细菌、海洋微藻和陆生高等植物的脂肪酸如直链饱和脂肪酸、支链饱和脂肪酸、不（多不）饱和脂肪酸等在2005～2006年间的组成和分布比较稳定：直链脂肪酸含量普遍较高,其次为支链脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸,多不饱和脂肪酸含量相对较少。利用生物标记物分析表明,海洋自生生物源（细菌、海洋微藻等）是沉积物中脂肪酸的主要来源,陆源脂肪酸对东海赤潮高发区表层沉积物的贡献较小。  相似文献   

广西香田弗拉斯-法门阶界线事件标志——碳、氧稳定同位素异常特征          下载免费PDF全文

严正  侯鸿飞 《地质科学》1993,28(2):135-144

本文对广西香田晚泥盆世弗拉斯-法门阶界线剖面进行了系统的碳、氧稳定同位素研究。发现随着弗拉斯-法门期之交的生物大量死亡和绝灭,在弗拉斯-法门阶界线层中,碳、氧稳定同位素组成出现了明显的异常。这和白垩—第三系界线灾变事件中出现的异常颇为相似。碳同位素异常达-6.6‰左右,氧同位素出现正异常达2‰。此外,在界线层中出现铱异常为230×10^-12g/g。这些表明,上述同位素地球化学异常是地球历史中生物绝灭灾变事件的重要标志。  相似文献   

运用分子标记辅助构建海带核心种质资源     

崔翠菊  李言  刘延岭  李晓捷  罗世菊  武瑞娜  王利芹  张壮志  孙娟  田鑫 《海洋科学》2016,40(1):18-24

海带(Saccharina japonica)是一种具有重要经济和生态价值的大型海藻,配子体是其种质资源保存的形式,也是海带杂交育种、育苗的材料。为有效管理和评价海带种质资源,初步构建了海带核心种质资源,利用RAPD标记技术对海带"早厚成一号"的28份配子体进行了遗传学评价。采用UPGMA聚类法,根据遗传相似性系数进行分组,采用简单比例法进行取样(25%、35%、50%、65%)分析,计算不同取样比例时的遗传多样性参数,结合样本的生长状态和雌、雄比例,综合评价遗传多样性的各种参数,取样比例为50%时构建的核心种质库相对合理。本研究为海带品种(系)的核心种质的筛选和遗传学评价打下基础。  相似文献   

郭家沟大型隐伏铅锌矿床的发现与意义     

王孝国 《地质与勘探》2014,50(5):932-937

郭家沟大型隐伏铅锌矿床的发现历时约十年时间,矿床位于西成铅锌矿带(田)的东段,属于洛坝铅锌矿床的东延,在地表无任何矿化显示的情况下,首先,通过分析地质成矿环境,确定找矿靶区;然后使用激发极化发现异常,并采用音频大地电磁法研究深部含矿层位、控矿构造形态;最后通过研究区域构造、围岩蚀变、含矿地层及其岩性组合特征得出：郭家沟矿区含矿带地层就挟持于F1与F5断裂之间,形成一个呈东西向展布的舌状地质构造体,是寻找本类型铅锌矿的直接标志;矿体集中分布在中泥盆统安家岔组焦沟层（D2a2-2b）的千枚岩与（D2a2-2a）的厚层结晶灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩、硅化灰岩接触带的硅化灰岩一侧;另外,硅化、铁白云石化、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化（网脉状）、碎裂角砾岩等蚀变是找矿的重要标志。通过矿床的发现经过、矿床地质特征及物探异常特征研究,指出了该区的找矿方向;郭家沟大型隐伏铅锌矿床的发现拓宽了西成铅锌矿带（田）找矿空间。  相似文献   

长江中下游流域水土流失遥感调查和监测在基础地质环境评价中的应用     

刘同庆  陈有明 《安徽地质》2010,20(4):287-290

中国地质调查局2005年起实施了"长江流域基础地质环境遥感调查与监测"国土资源大调查项目,工作周期为3年。本文为其子项目——"长江流域水土流失遥感调查与监测"部分研究成果。文章以此次调查成果为依据,选择了经济活力较强经济发展较快的长江中下游地区加以介绍,分析了长江中下游地区水土流失的分布特征,研究了水土流失与基础地质环境的相关因素及其变化趋势,探讨了水土流失遥感调查在基础地质环境调查评价方面的应用情况,供同行们切磋。  相似文献   

Coastal deformation between the Versilia and the Garigliano plains (Italy) since the last interglacial stage     

Marco F. Nisi  Fabrizio Antonioli  Giuseppe Dai Pra  Gabriele Leoni  Sergio Silenzi 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(8):709-721

The opening of the north‐central Tyrrhenian Sea is the result of the Cretaceous–Paleogene alpine collision, which triggered a series of regional uplift, subsidence and transcurrent tectonic mechanisms along the coastal Tyrrhenian sectors of peninsular Italy. These tectonic processes, in conjunction with the effects of glacio‐ and hydro‐isostasy during the Quaternary, produced substantial crustal responses that, in some cases, reached metres in extent. In the study of coastal neotectonics, geomorphological markers of the last interglacial maximum, corresponding to marine isotope stage 5.5, are generally used to quantify the magnitude of the vertical crustal displacements that have occurred since 125 kyr. Through altimetrical, palaeoenvironmental and chronological reinterpretation of the most significant works published since 1913, combined with an additional set of data reported here, a detailed reconstruction of the shoreline displacements evident along 500 km of coast between northern Tuscany and southern Latium is presented. The reconstruction was carried out by quantifying the vertical movement since the last interglacial period and by identifying the tectonic behaviour of different coastal sectors. This has been done by carefully choosing the eustatic marker, among those available at each study site, in order to minimize the margin of error associated with the measurements. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Genetic discrimination for three gynogenetic clones of silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, based on restriction endonuclease analysis of Nd5-Nd6 region of mitochondrial DNA     

周建峰叶玉珍  吴清江 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2005,23(1):126-128

1 INTRODUCTION Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is an important species in freshwater fisheries and ranks the first in world fish production (Li, 1993). China has a long history of aquaculture of silver carp that is very difficult for selective breeding because it has a long life cycle. However, development of cytoge-netics and modern molecular genetics built up a strong impact to the research on selective breeding. A rapid, efficient approach for establishment of a pure line of…  相似文献