气汞的第一个同震效应记录   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

车用太  杨丽  何镧  鱼金子 《中国地震研究》2017,31(1):136-138

利用杭州超距科技有限公司最近研发的ATG-6138型测汞仪在云南省弥勒井气汞（Hg）观测中记录到尼泊尔8.1级地震的同震效应。这是我国气汞观测的第一个同震效应的纪录。这一事实表明了进一步提升地震地下流体化学量观测仪器的观测精度与采样率,有可能记录到固体潮与同震效应等更多的地壳动力作用信息,从而进一步提升其地震前兆监测能力。  相似文献   

基于多轨道卫星观测数据分析尼泊尔地震长波辐射特征          下载免费PDF全文

孙珂  单新建  Dimitar Ouzounov  申旭辉  荆凤 《地球物理学报》2017,60(9):3457-3465

综合已经在红外异常提取中应用的涡度和RST(Robust Satellite Technique)算法优点,提出了红外异常指数算法.并基于长时间尺度的中国静止卫星FY-2D和美国极轨卫星NOAA长波辐射数据,应用RST和异常指数算法,分别对2015年4月25日尼泊尔M_s8.1和5月12日M_s7.5地震前后卫星长波辐射变化特征进行了分析,开展了多轨道、多时空分辨率长波辐射同步地震热红外特征研究.结果表明,运用RST算法,两次地震前后,未能在震中周围发现明显的长波辐射异常.运用异常指数算法:(1)对于NOAA卫星,4月15日在M_s8.1地震震中以西出现热红外异常,到4月24日震中以西约100 km处出现异常最大值,随后逐渐消失.5月10日在M_s7.5地震震中以东约200 km发现异常;(2)在NOAA卫星长波辐射异常发现最大值当日,采用FY-2D卫星每3 h的数据分析可发现红外异常的动态演化过程,弥补NOAA卫星分辨率不足.以上结果为利用多轨道卫星监测地震热辐射变化提供了依据.  相似文献   

The NE Directed Seismicity Belt in Tibet after the MS8.1 Nepal Earthquake and Its Predictive Significance     

Wang Shuangxu  Zhu Liangyu  Xu Jing  Ji Lingyun  Jiang Fengyun 《中国地震研究》2018,32(1):119-129

After the 2015 M_S8.1 Nepal earthquake, a strong and moderate seismicity belt has formed in Tibet gradually spreading along the northeast direction. In this paper, we attempt to summarize the features and investigate the primary mechanism of this behavior of seismic activity, using a 2-D finite element numerical model with tectonic dynamic settings and GPS horizontal displacements as the constraints. In addition, compared with the NE-trending seismicity belt triggered by the 1996 Xiatongmoin earthquake, we discuss the future earthquake hazard in and around Tibet. Our results show that:the NE-directed seismicity belt is the response of enhanced loading on the anisotropic Qinghai-Tibetan plateau from the Indian plate and earthquake thrusting. Also, this possibly implies that a forthcoming strong earthquake may fill in the gaps in the NE-directed seismicity belt or enhance the seismic hazard in the eastern (the north-south seismic zone) and western (Tianshan tectonic region) parts near the NE-directed belt.  相似文献   

Turbidity and suspended sediment dynamics in small catchments in the Nepal Middle Hills     

James Brasington  Keith Richards 《水文研究》2000,14(14):2559-2574

The Himalayan environment has, until recently, been perceived to be in a critical state of environmental decline, resulting from rapid population growth and associated land‐use change. Recent research, however, has emphasized the difficulty of developing an objective appraisal of the state of the environment in a region where empirical data are scarce and unstructured and where an understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of natural environmental processes remains highly uncertain. This paper presents results from an intensive three‐year project designed to help address the regional empirical deficit, establish detailed baseline environmental data and to gain an insight into storm period and seasonal suspended sediment dynamics. The instrumentation, calibration and analysis of high‐frequency infrared turbidimetric records from a number of small subcatchments in the Nepal Middle Hills are reported. Storm period and seasonal variation in turbidity and suspended sediment are examined and hysteresis patterns explored and explained. A variety of methods to estimate seasonal suspended sediment yield in a mixed land‐use catchment are examined, and found to vary by up to a factor of five. Despite the inherent uncertainty, all estimates of catchment sediment yield are found to be high with respect to erosion plot studies from the local area, and this suggests the importance of riparian and channel erosion as major sediment sources, a finding consistent with other regional studies. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Northward cooling of the Kuncha nappe and downward heating of the Lesser Himalayan autochthon distributed to the south of Mt. Annapurna,western central Nepal     

Toru Nakajima  Harutaka Sakai  Hideki Iwano  Tohru Danhara  Takafumi Hirata 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

We investigated the tectonothermal history of the Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS), which are tectonically overlain by the Higher Himalayan Crystalline. Fission‐track dating and the track length measurement of detrital zircons obtained from the Kuncha nappe and the Lesser Himalayan autochthonous sediments in western central Nepal revealed northward cooling of the nappe and possible downward heating of the autochthon by the overlying hot nappe. Nine zircon fission‐track (ZFT) ages of the nappe showed northward‐younging linear distribution from 11.6 Ma in the front at Tamghas, 6 Ma in the central at Naudanda, and 1.6 Ma in the northernmost point at Tatopani. Thermochronological invert calculation of the ZFT length elucidated that the Kuncha nappe gradually cooled down (30 °C/Myr) at the front and rapidly cooled down (120 °C/Myr) at the root zone. In contrast, the ZFT age of the Chappani Formation, located just beneath the Kuncha nappe in the central part, demonstrated a totally reset age of 6.8 Ma, whereas the Virkot Formation, structurally far from the nappe, yielded a partially reset age of 457.3 Ma. This suggests that the LHS underwent downward heating, resulting in a thermal print on the upper part of the LHS; however, the thermal effect was not sufficient to anneal ZFT totally in the deeper part. Presently, the nappe cover is eroded and denuded from this area. Detrital zircons from the Chappani Formation in Tansen area to the south of the Bari Gad Fault did not show any evidence of annealing, suggesting that nappe never covered the LHS distributed to the south of the fault.  相似文献   

Northward younging zircon fission‐track ages from 13 to 2 Ma in the eastern extension of the Kathmandu nappe and underlying Lesser Himalayan sediments distributed to the south of Mt. Everest     

Toru Nakajima  Harutaka Sakai  Hideki Iwano  Tohru Danhara  Takafumi Hirata 《Island Arc》2020,29(1)

This study is concerned with the tectono‐thermal history of the Kathmandu nappe and the underlying Lesser Himalayan sediments (LHS) that are distributed in eastern Nepal. We carried out zircon fission‐track(ZFT) dating and obtained 16 ZFT ages from the eastern extension of the Kathmandu nappe, the Higher Himalayan Crystalline, Kuncha nappe, and the Main Central Thrust (MCT) zone. The ZFT ages of the frontal part of the Kathmandu nappe range from 13.0 ±0.8 Ma to 10.7 ±0.7 Ma and exhibit a northward‐younging tendency. These Middle Miocene ZFT ages indicate that the frontal part of the Kathmandu nappe remained at a temperature above 240 °C until the termination of its southward emplacement at 12–11 Ma. The ZFT ages of the LHS range from 11.1 ±0.9 Ma in the southern part of the Okhaldhunga Window to 2.4 ±0.3 Ma of the augen gneiss in the northern margin and also exhibit a northward‐younging age distribution. The ZFT ages show the northward‐younging linear distribution pattern (?0.16 Ma/km) along the across‐strikesection from the frontal part of the Kathmandu nappe to the root zone, without a significant age gap. This distribution pattern indicates that the Kathmandu nappe, the underlying MCT zone, and the Kuncha nappe cooled from the frontal zone to the root zone as a thermally united geologic body at a temperature below 240 °C. An older ZFT age (456.3 ±24.3 Ma), which was partially reset at the axial part of the Midland anticlinorium in the central part of the Okhaldhunga Window, was explained by downward heating from the “hot” Kathmandu nappe. The above evidence supported a model that southward emplacement of the hot Kathmandu nappe resulted in a thermal imprint on the upper part of the LHS; however, the lower part did not reach 240 °C.  相似文献   

尼泊尔M_S 8.1地震与青藏高原周边地区多尺度重力场特性分析     

闫琳琳  吕传振  徐玉健 《震灾防御技术》2019,14(1):129-137

通过分析EGM2008模型提取的青藏高原及周边地区重力场细节信息,概述了尼泊尔M_S 8.1地震的均衡重力异常特征,并结合GPS数据对研究区的动力学进行综合分析。结果表明,在喜马拉雅山脉地震带区存在重力的正、负值异常区及梯度带,这与该研究区局部应力应变积累、构造活动加剧、深部物质向研究区迁移以及研究区局部密度增高有关。  相似文献   

2015年尼泊尔M_S8.1地震震源区S波三维速度结构与强震发生机理研究          下载免费PDF全文

吕子强  雷建设 《地球物理学报》2016,59(12):4529-4543

利用2001-2003年期间在2015年4月12日尼泊尔M_S8.1级强震震源区流动地震观测记录到的连续波形数据,提取了5~25 s周期的瑞利波相速度频散曲线,并构建了尼泊尔地震震源区二维瑞利波相速度分布图像.以0.5°×0.5°为网格大小将研究区网格化,采用NA算法反演得到尼泊尔地震震源地区三维S波速度结构.结果显示,在上地壳,以主前锋逆冲断裂带（MFT）为界,其以北地区为高波速异常,而其以南为明显低波速异常;在中地壳,以藏南拆离系（STDS）为界,南北两侧速度结构也存在明显差别,以南地区为明显高波速异常,而以北地区为明显低波速异常.这些结构特征说明,印度板块与欧亚板块碰撞挤压作用形成地幔热物质上涌并造成地壳物质部分熔融,并由此形成了东西向拉张的南北向裂谷.2015年尼泊尔M_S8.1级主震和最大余震均发生于高低波速异常过渡区且偏向高波速异常区,暗示了这样的波速异常区易于积累能量孕育强震.主震和最大余震的南侧均存在明显的低波速异常,与主喜马拉雅滑脱断裂带（MHT）相对应,可能代表部分熔融或深部流体作用于主边界断裂带（MBT）附近的MHT断裂带,降低断层面上的有效正应力,从而触发尼泊尔强震及最大余震的发生.主震与最大余震之间的余震分布于高低波速异常变化较为明显的地区,说明研究区内地震的发生受震源区附近的速度结构控制.  相似文献   

利用多台阵压缩传感方法反演尼泊尔M_W7.9地震破裂过程          下载免费PDF全文

刘志鹏  盖增喜 《地球物理学报》2015,58(6):1891-1899

2015年4月25日,尼泊尔地区发生MW7.9地震,震中位于28.1°N,84.7°E.为了详细地研究此次破坏性极强的地震的破裂过程,本文利用多台阵压缩传感方法,使用了阿拉斯加、欧洲和澳大利亚三个台网的共计179个台站的远场P波垂直分量的数据来反演,结果表明本次地震的破裂过程是一个清晰的南东东方向的单侧破裂,破裂尺度约为105km,整体持续时间约为58s.在破裂初始的前15s,能量辐射基本围绕在震源附近,16s后破裂开始向南东东方向以1.9km·s-1的速度破裂.释放能量最大的时间为第38s,位于距震中70km处.该位置从第29秒开始破裂,并持续释放能量长达30s之久.  相似文献   

2015年尼泊尔M_S8.1地震的地壳重力均衡背景与地表形变响应特征          下载免费PDF全文

付广裕  高尚华  张国庆  佘雅文  孙和平 《地球物理学报》2015,58(6):1900-1908

对2015年尼泊尔MS8.1地震的地壳均衡背景及其引起的地表形变特征进行了研究,结果表明:(1)尼泊尔MS8.1地震震中以南的印度板块岩石圈有效弹性厚度大约为9km,加载主要来自地幔;地震以北的拉萨地块岩石圈有效弹性厚度大约为2km,加载主要来自地表.(2)尼泊尔MS8.1地震震中以南地区的地壳均衡异常大约为-100mGal(10-5 m·s-2),但其北部的地壳均衡异常则为300~400mGal,尼泊尔MS8.1地震发生在地壳均衡负异常向正异常过渡的高梯度带上.(3)尼泊尔MS8.1地震使震中周围地区的地壳整体向南运动,最大水平位移超过1.5m,分布在震中东南.震中以北的同震垂向位移总体为负值,最大下降幅度超过0.5m,同震重力变化总体为正值,最大超过60μGal(10-8 m·s-2);震中以南的垂向位移总体为正值,最大升幅超过0.7m,同震重力变化总体为负值,最大降幅超过-120μGal.(4)尼泊尔MS8.1地震使"世界屋脊"喜马拉雅山脉产生沉降,最大同震降幅超过120mm,震后松弛效应将使"世界屋脊"持续缓慢下降.该强震使世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰降低了2~3mm,有可能被GPS、InSAR等现代大地测量工具检测到.  相似文献