"2003.1"黔东南暴雪天气过程的对称不稳定分析   总被引：30，自引：13，他引：17  

池再香  胡跃文  白慧 《高原气象》2005,24(5):792-797

采用对称不稳定判据,对发生在2003年1月5～6日一次罕见的黔东南暴雪天气过程进行了分析,结果表明：暴雪产生在对称不稳定大气中,低空急流促使对流层低层暖湿气流辐合上升,触发对称不稳定能量释放,产生暴雪天气。西南涡、横切变和暴雪区有向对称不稳定区移动的趋势。  相似文献   

西南地区秋季干湿时空变化特征及其成因分析   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

徐栋夫  李栋梁  曲巧娜  赵晓萌 《热带气象学报》2013,29(4):570-580

利用西南地区97站1960—2009年的日平均气温、降水量资料计算干湿指数,分析了西南地区秋季干湿、降水、气温的时空变化特征,并使用再分析资料探讨其异常的大气环流特征。结果表明:西南地区秋季在1980年代末期出现干旱化趋势,21世纪初干旱化趋势明显,其中以东部干旱化趋势显著。西南地区秋季干湿变化存在全区域一致和东、西部相反变化两个主要异常模态,而且干湿异常的空间模态主要由降水异常决定,其演变则受气温的影响更明显一些。全区域一致变化的模态与前期夏季西太平洋暖池附近海温以及同期西太平洋副高、东亚大槽、南支槽有关,并且此模态对应的偏干年基本上均是高温和少雨共同作用造成的,而偏湿年则有低温偏湿和多雨偏湿两种类型。东、西部相反变化的模态与垂直运动和东部低层的南、北风异常有关。   相似文献   

Amphipod-supported food web: Themisto gaudichaudii, a key food resource for fishes in the southern Patagonian Shelf     

Luciano N. Padovani  María Delia Viñas  Felisa SánchezHermes Mianzan 《Journal of Sea Research》2012,67(1):85-90

The trophic role of the hyperiid amphipod Themisto gaudichaudii in the southern Patagonian shelf food web was assessed from the analysis of stomach contents of the local fish assemblage. A total of 461 trawl samples were collected during seven seasonal cruises. A total of 17 out of 38 fish species were found to ingest T. gaudichaudii. This amphipod was a main prey item in five of these species, showing high values of alimentary index: Seriolella porosa (99.9%), Macruronus magellanicus (68.8%), Micromesistius australis (59.1%), Patagonotothen ramsayi (48.6%), and Merluccius hubbsi (10.9%). The contribution of T. gaudichaudii, in weight, to their summer diet was 60%, on average. This contribution was minimal in winter and maximal in summer. Fisheries studies have indicated that these five species, mainly M. magellanicus, account for almost 85% of the fish biomass in the area. Although the remaining 15% did not feed heavily on T. gaudichaudii, they are known to prey on the main hyperiid predators. Our study shows that T. gaudichaudii contributes greatly, both directly and indirectly, to supporting the fish community. We thus proposed that T. gaudichaudii plays a key role as a “wasp-waist” species in the sub-Antarctic region, similar to that of krill in Antarctic waters, channeling the energy flow and enabling a short and efficient food chain.  相似文献   

西南印度洋中脊50°E基性超基性岩石地球化学特征及其成因初探     

韩宗珠  张贺  范德江  丁蒙蒙  刘明  徐翠玲 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,(9):69-76

西南印度洋中脊是典型的慢速扩张洋中脊之一。对采自西南印度洋中脊50°E附近的7件玄武岩和蛇纹石化橄榄岩样品所作的分析表明,基性玄武岩类SiO2含量为43.72%～48.40%,TiO2含量较少,为1.14%～1.52%;MgO含量为5.96%～10.98%;TFe2O3含量为4.55%～5.2%;Mg#值为0.53～0.64,里特曼指数σ为2.34～20.10。微量元素Zr/Nb和Y/Nb比值为显示N-MORB的性质,但是其他微量元素的比值(Ba/Nb,Ba/Th,La/Nb,Nb/U,Nb/Pb)均不显示正常洋中脊玄武岩的特征,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示强烈富集K和Pb,亏损Nb,稀土元素显示较为平缓的分配模式。超基性蛇纹石化橄榄岩的主量元素特征为SiO2为38.91～45.49;TiO2含量为0.02～0.28;MgO含量很高,为36.87～40.61,TFe2O3含量为2.82～3.91,Mg#值为0.92～0.94。微量元素中Ni,Cr的含量很高,原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示橄榄岩强烈富集K和Pb,Ba,Th,La,Ce,Ti中等程度富集,而亏损Nb,Sr。稀土元素总量较低,标准化曲线显示轻稀土元素富集模式。结合地球化学特征及前人研究资料分析认为,西南印度洋中脊的基性岩和超基性岩属同源性质,其原始地幔物质可能为部分正常洋中脊亏损地幔混染了陆壳或远洋沉积物的结果。  相似文献   

1960-2009年西南地区极端干旱气候变化(英文)   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8  

张明军  贺晋云  汪宝龙  王圣杰  李珊珊  刘文莉  马雪宁 《地理学报(英文版)》2013,23(1):3-16

Based on the daily data of temperature and precipitation of 108 meteorological stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2009, we calculate the monthly and yearly surface humid indexes, as well as the extreme drought frequency. According to the data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the extreme drought frequency in inter-annual, inter-decadal, summer monsoon period and winter monsoon period are analyzed. The results are indicated as follows. (1) In general, the southwestern Sichuan Basin, southern Hengduan Mountains, southern coast of Guangxi and northern Guizhou are the areas where the extreme drought frequency has significantly increased in the past 50 years. As for the decadal change, from the 1960s to the 1980s the extreme drought frequency has presented a decreasing trend, while the 1990s is the wettest decade and the whole area is turning wet. In the 2000s, the extreme drought frequency rises quickly, but the regional differences reduce. (2) During summer monsoon period, the extreme drought frequency is growing, which generally occurs in the high mountains around the Sichuan Basin, most parts of Guangxi and "the broom-shaped mountains" in Yunnan. It is distinct that the altitude has impacts on the ex-treme drought frequency; during winter monsoon period, the area is relatively wet and the extreme drought frequency is decreasing. (3) During summer monsoon period, the abrupt change is observed in 2003, whereas the abrupt change during winter monsoon period is in 1989. The annual extreme drought frequency variation is a superposition of abrupt changes during summer monsoon and winter monsoon periods. The departure sequence vibration of annual extreme drought frequency is quasi-5 years and quasi-12 years.  相似文献   

Does a one point sample adequately characterize the lake environment for paleoenvironmental calibration studies?     

J. Bunbury  K. Gajewski 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,39(4):511-531

A major goal of paleolimnological studies is the quantification of past environmental conditions. This is accomplished by computing transfer functions relating organism assemblages to environmental factors. The environmental data are typically comprised of a point sample of water chemistry and other environmental parameters that are collected at the same time as a surface sediment sample. We explore whether the year of sampling of the environmental variables affects the parameterization of organism-environment relations, in particular chironomids, ostracodes and diatoms. Canonical correspondence analyses revealed that the year of sampling is of secondary importance when relating the organism assemblages to environmental variables, but only with the major explanatory variables. A chironomid-inferred bottom water temperature partial least squares transfer function revealed similar performance statistics between the years. Taxon optima and tolerances were computed for both years using weighted averaging, and the results are comparable. A paired t-test computed on the proxy-inferred bottom water temperature values indicated that the results between the 2 years are not statistically different. The results of this study provide guarded optimism that the methodology of estimating transfer functions as currently applied is not entirely determined by the particular year when the data were collected, although more case studies are needed.  相似文献   

Dating of altered mafic intrusions by applying a zircon fission track thermochronometer to baked country rock,and implications for the timing of volcanic activity during the opening of the Japan Sea          下载免费PDF全文

Hiroyuki Hoshi  Hideki Iwano  Tohru Danhara  Naoyoshi Iwata 《Island Arc》2015,24(2):221-231

Once a mafic intrusive rock has become altered, it is generally difficult to obtain a reliable intrusion age using conventional isotopic dating methods. To overcome this problem, this study used zircon fission track (ZFT) thermochronometry to determine the timing of crystallization of altered mafic intrusions. ZFT dating was carried out on samples of baked granite country rock adjacent to dolerite dikes (5–10 m thick) in the Takato area of central Japan. Three granite samples collected within 8 mm of a dike contact yielded consistent ZFT ages of 17–16 Ma, with confined track lengths indicative of the complete annealing of pre‐existing tracks by reheating due to dike intrusion. An older ZFT age was obtained for one granite sample collected within 20 mm of the contact, but confined track length measurements indicate that this is an incompletely reset age that lies between the ZFT age of the unbaked granitic country rocks (ca. 55 Ma) and the emplacement age of the dike. Petrographic examinations suggest that post‐intrusion hydrothermal activity did not influence the ZFT ages. We conclude that the 17–16 Ma ZFT age represents the emplacement age of the dikes. Our results show that ZFT dating of baked country rock is an effective tool for dating altered mafic intrusions, for which other dating techniques are not applicable. In the eastern part of Southwest Japan, dispersed volcanic activity occurred in the late Early to early Middle Miocene (18–15 Ma), and the volcanic belt extended into the forearc. This pulse of activity was possibly related to the injection of asthenospheric material into the trench‐side mantle wedge beneath the Japan arc. We also present young apatite fission track ages (ca. 4 Ma) that may reflect a Middle Miocene or later thermal event associated with local magmatic activity near the Takato area.  相似文献   

民国时期滇西南地区三次强震补充调查     

谢虹  雷中生  袁道阳  苏琦 《震灾防御技术》2015,10(3):575-586

本文通过对民国时期发生在滇西南地区的1938年5月14日澜沧MS6.0级、1941年5月16日耿马MS7.0级和1941年12月26日澜沧MS7.0级3次地震历史资料的系统收集和整理,并在前人已有研究的基础上,通过现场采访和补充调查获得的新资料,修改和完善了这3次地震的等震线图和极震区范围,并结合该区地形地貌特征和断裂最新活动性研究结果,综合分析评述了其发震构造特征。结果表明,这3次强震发生在腾冲-澜沧新生地震带附近,分别与黑河断裂、南汀河断裂西支及澜沧断裂勐遮段的新活动密切相关。  相似文献   

2009年7月17日唐山地区强降水成因分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

张晓东 《气象与环境学报》2011,27(1):48-53

利用常规天气资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对2009年7月17日唐山地区暴雨天气过程进行分析。结果表明：强降水是暖湿空气向北输送与低层冷空气交汇引起的。降水前期,唐山地区中低层水汽强辐合为强降水准备了条件。冷空气从底层侵入,抬升暖湿气流,低层暖锋锋生使对流不稳定性增大,上升运动加强,降水量增大。强降水区存在低层辐合、高层辐散和斜升运动机制。850hPa湿位涡正压项MPV1＞0区域能较好地反映出冷空气活动特征,强降水出现在MPV1零线附近偏冷空气一侧。  相似文献   

Potential land for plantation of Jatropha curcas as feedstocks for biodiesel in China     

WU WeiGuang      HUANG JiKun  & DENG XiangZheng 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(1)

As a renewable energy,biofuel has attracted great attention in China and the rest of world.Concerned with the national food security,China recently has shifted its biofuel development priority from grain-based to non-grain-based biofuels,including forest-based biodiesel,since 2007.Jatropha curcas is one of major biodiesel feedstocks.However,there is rising debate on availability of land for expanding Jatropha curcas areas.The overall goal of this paper is to evaluate potential land for Jatropha curcas used ...  相似文献