应用物种敏感性分布评估有机磷农药对淡水生物的急性生态风险   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐瑞祥  陈亚华 《湖泊科学》2012,24(6):811-821

构建了4种常用有机磷农药(二嗪磷、对硫磷、杀螟硫磷和马拉硫磷)对淡水生物的物种敏感性分布(SSD)曲线,计算了4种有机磷农药对不同淡水生物的5%危害浓度(HC5)及其不同暴露浓度对淡水生物的潜在影响比例(PAF),分析了4种有机磷农药的急性生态风险,比较了脊椎动物和无脊椎动物(包括鱼类、甲壳类以及昆虫与蜘蛛类)对4种有机磷农药的敏感性,评估了3个典型水体中常用有机磷农药的联合生态风险.结果表明:1)通过HC5和PAF值的比较发现,4种有机磷农药对无脊椎动物的毒性与生态风险明显高于脊椎动物,对甲壳类的毒性与生态风险最大,对鱼类的毒性与生态风险最小.2)通过SSD曲线的对比发现,当对数暴露浓度小于3.5μg/L时,4种有机磷农药对无脊椎动物的生态风险明显高于脊椎动物;而当对数暴露浓度大于4.5μg/L时,其对脊椎动物的生态风险较大.3)在绝大多数暴露浓度下,无脊椎动物比脊椎动物对4种有机磷农药更敏感;在较低暴露浓度下,甲壳类对4种有机磷农药的敏感性较高;而在较高暴露浓度下,昆虫和蜘蛛类对其敏感性较高.4)长江、九龙江和五小川流域水体中对硫磷与马拉硫磷对淡水生物的PAF以及它们的复合潜在影响比例(msPAF)均小于0.5%,生态风险很低.  相似文献   

Spatial Distribution Modelling of Kobresia pygmaea (Cyperaceae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau     

WU Liang  WANG Min  OUYANG Hua  CHENG Shengkui  SONG MingHua 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2017,8(1):20-29

Kobresia pygmaea Willd. dominates the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Knowledge of this species’ distribution and ecological environment could provide valuable insights into the alpine ecosystem and key species living there, support species and ecosystem conservation in alpine regions, and build on species origin and evolutionary research. To avoid modelling uncertainty encountered in a single approach, four species distribution model algorithms (Surface Range Envelope (SRE), Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Boosted Regression (GBM) and Maximum Entropy (MAXENT)), were used to simulate the distribution of K. pygmaea based on occurrence samples that were verified using DNA sequencing techniques. Species distribution modelling revealed a vast distribution region of K. pygmaea in the northern Tibetan Highlands and alpine meadows in the southern and eastern declivity of the plateau. A high evaluation performance was found for the GLM, GBM and MAXENT models. Different potential range size patterns for the four models were found between 374340-482605 km² (average = 421591 km²). Precipitation during growing seasons was found to be the dominant factor accounting for the distribution, consistent with patterns of heat and water patterns conditions of alpine ecosystems on the plateau. Species distribution models provide a simple and reliable approach to simulating the spatial patterns of species inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.  相似文献   

有壳变形虫群落组成及与环境因子的关系——以山西滹沱河湿地为例     

王春玲  胡杰  赵心语  王婷婷  苟奎贤  甄志磊 《湖泊科学》2022,34(4):1284-1293

滹沱河湿地是山西省重要的湿地资源,对生物多样性的保护有至关重要的作用.有壳变形虫是一类生活在淡水生态系统中的原生动物,对环境变化响应敏感,是良好的环境生物指示剂.本研究主要对山西滹沱河流域6个湿地52个不同生境的沉积样品进行有壳变形虫物种组成及多样性分析,通过对有壳变形虫和环境因子数据进行排序分析探讨影响有壳变形虫群落分布的关键环境因子.结果显示:滹沱河湿地共记录有壳变形虫20种,其中斜口三足虫(Trinema enchelys)、顶足法帽虫(Phryganella acropodia)和线条三足虫(Trinema lineare)为优势种,相对丰度分别为23.4%、17.38%、13.48%.沉积物粒度和有机质含量对有壳变形虫的物种组成及多样性有显著影响,砂粒含量越低、有机质含量越高,有壳变形虫的丰富度和多样性就越高.CCA排序结果表明硝态氮和COD是影响有壳变形虫种类组成和分布的关键环境因子,解释量分别为19.6%和17.3%,而pH的解释量最小,为8.6%.本研究结果为山西湿地有壳变形虫的现代生态学研究提供借鉴,为湿地多样性保护、管理和修复提供理论支撑.  相似文献   

金昌市4种乔木抗旱性生理指标的研究   总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9  

周海燕 《中国沙漠》1997,17(3):301-303

对金昌市国槐、沙枣、新疆杨和圆柏进行了PV曲线主要水分状况参数的测定;从叶水势、相对水分亏缺、束缚水含量、束水比及细胞弹性模量的测算结果分析了树种的抗旱特性:圆柏和国槐是以较坚硬的细胞壁保存体内水分,维持高水势的膨压,以低的水分亏缺及高的束缚水含量与束水比的方式完成生命过程的;沙枣和新疆杨是以柔软具弹性的细胞壁在低水势下保持膨压,以低束缚水含量、低的束水比和高的水分亏缺方式完成其生命过程的。从综合抗旱性指数的测算结果得出的抗旱性排序为:圆柏>国槐>沙枣>新疆杨。  相似文献   

The response of Clitellata (Annelida) to environmental gradients in spring fens     

《Limnologica》2016

Patterns in aquatic Clitellata assemblage composition are known to be driven by several environmental gradients, with water chemistry and substratum characteristics being particularly important. In this study we explored 54 isolated spring fens across the eastern Czech Republic and Slovakia. These fens varied in calcium and magnesium concentrations, forming a sharp and well defined environmental gradient running from calcium-poor acidic fens to extremely calcium-rich tufa-forming fens. We found that the main changes in clitellate species composition were controlled by this gradient, and/or total organic carbon content, over a wide area, including fen sites differing in other environmental conditions and historical development. However, this pattern was weakened in sites with a high organic matter content, which represented a second driver of change in assemblage composition along with water temperature. Three main types of fens were determined using cluster analysis based on clitellate assemblage composition. However, only the first type, which included tufa-forming fens, was found to fit with the previously established spring fen types based on vegetation (i.e. extremely mineral-rich fens with a tufa, brown-moss mineral-rich fens, mineral-rich Sphagnum fens and mineral-poor Sphagnum fens). The second clitellate type included sites with low temperatures and occasional desiccation, while the third type was characterised by high temperatures and trophy. Using eight environmental predictors, we were able to significantly explain changes in the population abundances of all 12 common species (i.e. recorded at 15-plus sites). The results from individual species modelling also suggests that an increase in organic matter content can trigger compositional shifts towards assemblages of common eurytopic tubificid species. Thus, human-induced eutrophication and negative changes in spring fen hydrology, mainly drying up, can represent a serious threat for species-specific assemblages of aquatic clitellates, especially at alkaline sites due to their isolated and spatially limited nature.  相似文献   

Predicting fish species richness and assemblages with climatic,geographic and morphometric factors: A broad-scale study in Chinese lakes     

《Limnologica》2015

The present study was designed to investigate the relative importance of climatic (temperature and precipitation), geographic (altitude) and morphometric (lake area) factors in predicting fish species richness and assemblages in Chinese lakes at a large spatial scale. Two recursive partitioning tree-based approaches: Classification and Regression Trees (CARTs) and Multivariate Regression Trees (MRTs) were employed to generate predictive models respectively. Six fish assemblages were thus defined from the MRT model. The results indicated that lake altitude was the main determinant for predicting fish assemblages in Chinese lakes (30.43%), followed by precipitation of the driest month (10.47%), temperature annual range (3.62%) and annual mean temperature (3.15%). Validated CART model implied that precipitation of driest month, maximum temperature of warmest month and lake area were the main predictors in determining fish species richness patterns. Overall, our results indicated that the altitudinal extent and range of climatic variation was sufficient to overshadow the area effect in predicting fish species richness and assemblages in Chinese lakes. At the macroecological scale, the effect of temperature and precipitation on fish richness and assemblages also suggests future changes in fish diversity as a consequence of climate change.  相似文献   

Decline in the species richness contribution of Echinodermata to the macrobenthos in the shelf seas of China     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2015

Echinoderms play crucial roles in the structure of marine macrobenthic communities. They are sensitive to excess absorption of CO₂ by the ocean, which induces ocean acidification and ocean warming. In the shelf seas of China, the mean sea surface temperature has a faster warming rate compared with the mean rate of the global ocean, and the apparent decrease in pH is due not only to the increased CO₂ absorption in seawater, but also eutrophication. However, little is known about the associated changes in the diversity of echinoderms and their roles in macrobenthic communities in the seas of China. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of 77 case studies in 51 papers to examine the changes in the contribution of echinoderm species richness to the macrobenthos in the shelf seas of China since the 1980s. The relative species richness (RSR) was considered as the metric to evaluate these changes. Trends analysis revealed significant declines in RSR in the shelf seas of China, the Yellow Sea, and the East China Sea from 1997 to 2009. Compared with the RSR before 1997, no significant changes in mean RSR were found after 1997, except in the Bohai Sea. In addition, relative change in the RSR of echinoderms and species richness of macrobenthos led to more changes (decrease or increase) in their respective biomasses. Our results imply that changes in species richness may alter the macrobenthic productivity of the marine benthic ecosystem.  相似文献   

Bioindicator role of tintinnid (Protozoa: Ciliophora) for water quality monitoring in Kalpakkam,Tamil Nadu,south east coast of India     

Dibyendu Rakshit  Gouri Sahu  Ajit Kumar Mohanty  Kamala Kanta Satpathy  M.P. Jonathan  K. Murugan  Santosh Kumar Sarkar 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):134-143

The feasibility of a potential bioindicator based on functional groups of microzooplankton tintinnids for bioassessments of water quality status was studied during southwest monsoon (June to September) along the coastal waters of Kalpakkam, India during 2012–2015. The work highlights the following features (1) tintinnid community composed of 28 species belonging to 11 genera and 9 families, revealed significant differences among the four study sites (2) maximum numerical abundance (2224 ± 90 ind. l^? 1) and species diversity (H′ = 2.66) of tintinnid were recorded towards Bay of Bengal whereas minimum abundance (720 ± 35 ind. l^? 1) and diversity (H′ = 1.74) were encountered in the backwater sites, (3) multivariate analyses [RELATE, Biota-environment (BIOENV) and canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP)] reveal that chl a, nitrate and phosphate were the potential causative factors for tintinnid distribution. Based on the results, we suggest that tintinnids may be used as a potential bioindicator of water quality status in marine ecosystem.  相似文献   

Spatial processes determine planktonic diatom metacommunity structure of headwater streams     

《Limnologica》2020

Headwater streams are interesting ecological systems for studies of metacommunities given their high degrees of isolation, unidirectionality of water flow and hierarchical organization in the drainage network. In addition, for passively dispersing aquatic organisms (e.g. planktonic diatoms), connectivity between sites is unidirectional, which implies a higher isolation of headwaters, leading to a greater dispersal limitation between streams. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative importance of local environmental (i.e., physicochemical variables) and spatial (i.e., distance between sites) components to the planktonic diatom community in 28 headwater streams of the Cerrado, central region of Brazil. Due the fact that each sampling point was located in a different headwater stream, we expected that spatial components (a proxy for diatom dispersal) were more important than local environmental conditions to the structure of the diatom metacommunity. We found 51 morphospecies of diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). The community composition of diatoms showed strong spatial variation, which was also indicated by high beta diversity (mainly contributed by the turnover component). The variation in diatom community composition, species richness, total density, and Local Contribution to Beta Diversity (LCBD) of headwaters streams was explained solely by spatial factors. Based on these results, we inferred that due to dispersal limitation, the diatom communities of these headwaters tend to show distinct species composition, with high species turnover among the local communities. We highlight the importance of headwater streams as reservoirs of biodiversity for a riverine diatom metacommunity.  相似文献   

采用倒置显微镜法定量浮游植物的数据稳定性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

牛海玉  肖利娟  韩博平 《湖泊科学》2016,28(1):141-148

浮游植物种类组成细胞密度或生物量的现存量反映其在水生生态系统的结构与功能,准确地对水体中浮游植物进行定量是水质评价和生态功能分析的基础.针对目前国际上推荐使用的倒置显微镜法(即Utermhl计数法),通过采集处于不同营养状态和水体条件(水库和实验围隔)中的浮游植物,分析样品的显微计数量、水体营养状态对浮游植物密度和多样性等指标稳定性的影响,同时比较了多个水体中同一采样点的重复(或平行)样品之间浮游植物定量数据的差别,从而对倒置显微镜法进行较为系统的评估.结果表明,基于浮游植物的显微镜计数效率与定量数据稳定性的综合考虑,选择计数400个个体即可基本保证定量数据的稳定性;在依赖生物量或稀有种进行水质评价时,处于不同营养水平的水体均需要增加样品的平行数来提高定量数据的可靠性,贫营养型水体中单个采样的重复或平行样品更为必要;两种定量方法所得群落数据计算的辛普森指数无显著差异,说明两种方法所获得结果均能反映浮游植多样性;通过样品浓缩法和倒置显微镜法所获得的浮游植物生物量和细胞密度均具有显著差异,因样品浓缩法在样品处理过程中造成浮游植物损失,使通过样品浓缩法所得的浮游植物群落生物量及细胞密度偏小;相比浓缩法,倒置显微镜法沉淀浓缩的水样体积小,样品处理和计数耗时短,更适宜用于应急监测.  相似文献