Coalbed methane reservoirs’ pore-structure characterization of different macrolithotypes in the southern Junggar Basin of Northwest China     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2017

Coalbed methane (CBM) development in the southern Junggar Basin of Northwest China has aroused extensive attention owing to its significant resource potential. The accurate characterization of coal pore structure is important for CBM exploration and production. In order to explore the relationship between coal pore structure and macrolithotype, which has rarely been studied in the southern Junggar Basin, a series of laboratory experiments were performed on eight samples of different macrolithotypes. The results show that the porosity exhibits regularity with macrolithotype in the order bright < semibright < semidull < dull, and also shows an increase with the rise of the inertinite content. The pore-size distribution results show that the dominating pores of bright and semibright coals are usually greater than that of dull and semidull coals in size. The pore-type analysis indicates that the bottleneck pores (Type B) are well developed in dull and semidull coals, while bright and semibright coals mainly host two sides (Type A), namely opened pores and one-side-closed pores (Type C). The pore-type and -size distribution strongly affect pore connectivity refers to the facts that: 1) the proportion of effective porosity increases with an increasing proportion of pores greater than 100 nm in size; and 2) that the mercury withdrawal efficiency is always lower when the pores are mostly of Type B. So the pore connectivity of semibright and bright coals is higher than that of semidull and dull coals. Furthermore, pores are developed mainly in the inertinite, with pore-type being dominated by Type B and C, secondly in the vitrinite, with pore-type being dominated by Type A and C, and less developed in the liptinite with pore-type of B and C. The pore connectivity of each maceral is in the order vitrinite > inertinite > liptinite. Finally, according to the research results, the reservoir fracturing improvement should be more arranged on the dull or semi-dull coals, and the producing layers should be bright or semi-bright coals as much as possible on the premise that the gas contents of coal layers are not much different from each other.  相似文献   

知识不确定条件下的海外保障基地自然风险情景模拟评估     

姜德良  张韧  葛珊珊 《海洋通报》2017,36(5):504-537

针对海外保障基地面临的自然风险,在风险辨识基础上,构建了风险评价指标体系和海外保障基地自然风险的贝叶斯网络评估模型,并进行了情景模拟下的量化实验评估。针对目前贝叶斯网络评估过程中的群决策和决策偏好问题,引入了犹豫层次分析思想来优化计算指标风险隶属度,改进了评估过程中的客观性和适用性。  相似文献   

东太平洋CC区西区表层沉积物黏土矿物和地球化学特征          下载免费PDF全文

付锋  郑洋  姚旭莹  倪建宇 《海洋学研究》2017,35(1):55-65

本文以太平洋CC区西区12个表层沉积物样品作为研究对象,对其粒度、化学组分和矿物成分进行分析,讨论其沉积环境和物质来源。研究区地处深海,主要以深海黏土和硅钙质黏土为主,含有少量的硅质黏土、黏土质硅质软泥和黏土质钙质软泥。黏土矿物成分主要是蒙皂石和伊利石,含有部分的高岭石和绿泥石。黏土矿物组成表明,区内沉积物主要是陆源,由高空气流携带而来,南极底流和热液活动对其物源的来源有一定影响。沉积物地球化学特征也表明,物源以陆源为主,稀土元素分布曲线和北太平洋表层海水稀土曲线类似,且表现出强的Ce亏损,表明生物活动导致的生物沉降对表层沉积物也有一定的影响。  相似文献   

King Canute muses in the South Seas: Why aren’t Pacific Islands transitioning to low carbon sea transport futures?     

《Marine Policy》2017

Transition to low carbon sea transport is a logical response to the extreme dependency of the Pacific Islands region on imported fossil fuel, its significant vulnerability to the effects of climate change and the critical shipping needs of Pacific Island countries (PICs). Building on previous work in low carbon sea transport in the Pacific, this paper further considers the barriers to achieving such transition by assessing, through a ‘post-Paris Agreement’ lens, the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) submitted by PICs and contrasting these to the near total lack of investment and planning for low carbon transition in the transport sector with the parallel occurrence in the electricity sector where ~USD 2 billion of donor investment is deployed or queued despite electricity using only ~20% of fossil fuel across the region. Consistent with recent international studies, inadequate and inappropriate financing and policy have been identified as dominant transition barriers for low carbon sea transport development in PICs. This paper further examines the regional level barriers to policy development, and finds them inhibited by the silo nature of the major regional actors. The implications that the Paris Agreement has for climate financing to support the essential research and capacity development needed to underpin a successful low carbon sea transport transition strategy at any useful scale and speed are also considered in this paper.  相似文献   

FPSO软刚臂单点系泊系统定量风险分析     

肖泥土  唐友刚  何鑫  刘骄  傅礼鹏 《海洋工程》2017,35(6):19-27

针对FPSO软刚臂单点系泊系统出现过的系泊腿失效及背向工况风险事件,以渤海某16万吨级FPSO为例,采用数值模拟的方法,计算FPSO及单点系统在百年一遇海况下的载荷效应,通过统计学方法拟合效应的概率分布,完成定量风险分析。对于系泊腿旋转失效后的风险,使用故障假设(what-if)方法,依据失效后果判断其风险权重。计算结果表明,系泊腿结构在正常情况下受拉失效的概率很小;系泊腿纵摆失效后导致的结果比横摆失效更为严重,风险权重更大。背向工况下,船艏与YOKE的间距要明显小于顺向工况,在设计时增大二者间距可有效减小碰撞风险。  相似文献   

Analysis of bycatch in the South African midwater trawl fishery for horse mackerel Trachurus capensis based on observer data     

JR Reed  SE Kerwath  CG Attwood 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(3):279-291

The South African midwater trawl fishery targets adult horse mackerel Trachurus capensis. The bulk of the catch is taken by a single freezer-trawler, the biggest fishing vessel operating in South African waters. As fishing takes place off the south coast in ecologically sensitive areas, there are concerns about the potential impacts of this fishing operation on non-target species. Fishing behaviour and bycatch of this fishery from 2004 to 2014 were investigated by analysing observer records with regard to catch composition, volume and temporal and spatial patterns. The midwater trawl fishery was estimated to have caught 25 415 tonnes annually, with a bycatch of 6.9% of the total catch, by weight. There are species overlaps with various fisheries, namely the demersal trawl, small-pelagic, line, shark longline and squid fisheries, yet the total bycatch estimates from this fishery are generally small relative to catches taken in the target fisheries. Bycatch species with the highest average annual catches were chub mackerel Scomber japonicus, redeye roundherring Etrumeus whiteheadi, ribbonfish Lepidopus caudatus and hake Merluccius spp. Large-fauna bycatch species included sunfish Mola mola as well as a number of CITES II- and IUCN-listed species, such as Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus, dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus, smooth hammerhead shark Sphyrna zygaena and thresher sharks Alopias spp. The 97.9% observer coverage is high and the 6.9% bycatch rate low compared to other South African fisheries; however, due to the large size of the individual hauls (average of 46.3 t), the average sampling rate of 1.56% is low. Our analyses suggest that bycatch in the South African midwater trawl fishery has been lower than in other South African fisheries and similar fisheries elsewhere, but due to the combination of high catch volumes and low sampling rates, estimation errors for rare species are high and there is a substantial risk of incidental unmonitored bycatch of rare large fauna and aggregations of small fauna. This could be mitigated by spatio-temporal management of this fishery, to avoid fishing in high-risk areas, and the introduction of an electronic monitoring programme.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系数字岩心图像中生物扰动的定量表征^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

牛永斌  崔胜利  胡亚洲  钟建华  王培俊 《古地理学报》2017,19(2):353-363

生物扰动对塔里木盆地塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”储集性能的改造效应具有重要影响。以塔河油田奥陶系岩心为研究对象,利用Adobe^® Photoshop^® CS6软件提供的生物扰动数字图像分析软件包,对岩心数字图像中生物扰动区域进行了识别和定量表征。结果表明: (1)在生物扰动数字图像分析软件包提供的方法中,“相似像素选择法”和“魔棒法”是对生物扰动识别与定量表征最为有效的方法,但二者适用范围不同;(2)“相似像素选择法”适用于生物扰动程度较大,单个形体相对较小且离散度相对较高的情况:当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较大时,应用“选取相似”操作效果最好;而当生物扰动充填物和围岩基质边界对比度较小时,应用“色彩范围”操作识别效果最好;这2种操作都仅能执行1次;(3)“魔棒法”对于识别生物扰动区域形体大而分布连续,且充填物颜色不同的情况具有独到优势;该方法可以通过多次重复操作以及调整“容差”来提高生物扰动区域与围岩基质的识别度。该研究对从生物成因角度解释碳酸盐岩“基质储集体”的非均质性与分布规律、实现增强储集性能生物扰动属性表征、丰富海相碳酸盐岩储集层地质学理论、指导该类油气藏远景勘探和储量计算以及选择合理的开发方案等具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Rock fall hazard control along a section of railway based on quantified risk     

Renato Macciotta  C. Derek Martin  David M. Cruden  Michael Hendry  Tom Edwards 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2017,11(3):272-284

Rock falls represent a large percentage of landslide-related hazards reported by Canadian railways in mountainous terrain. A 54.7?km-long section of railway through the Canadian Cordillera is examined that experiences, on average, 18 rock falls each year. An approach for rock fall hazard management is developed based on quantified risk. The approach focuses on defining railway operation procedures (freight train operations and track maintenance) that comply with quantified risks. Weather-based criteria that define periods when rock falls are more likely to occur along the study area are examined. These criteria are used herein to reduce exposure to rock falls and reduce their consequences. Several freight train operation strategies are proposed that comply with a tolerable level of risk adopted in this study for illustrative purposes. The approach provides a simple, flexible and practical strategy for railway operations that can be regularly adopted by the operators, and that is based on a more comprehensive assessment of quantified risk.  相似文献   

南极洲纳尔逊冰帽的某些动力学特征^*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王文悌  秦大河 《地理研究》1995,14(1):1-7

纳尔逊冰帽是南设得兰群岛的一个小冰帽,受海洋性气候影响冰帽上降水丰富,冰温较高。冰帽表面运动速度完全由冰帽表面形态和冰帽底床形态所控制,其中E剖面更为复杂。冰帽驱动应力基本小于100kPa.由V/Z～Za曲线得到在V/7为0.6～3×10^-9范围内的流动参数:n约为1;B≈4.3×10¹⁰dynescm^-2sec.这表明在低应力区,冰体流动更接近牛顿流体。  相似文献   

南海海底地震仪异常数据的分析和处理   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

王强  丘学林  赵明辉  黄海波  敖威 《地球物理学报》2016,59(3):1102-1112

海底地震仪(Ocean Bottom Seismometer,OBS)数据处理至关重要,是获取深部地壳结构的基础与前提.2006年实施OBS2006-2测线时,有2台OBS(OBS03,OBS06)数据出现异常,无法使用.由于海上航次花费巨大,采集到的数据弥足珍贵.本文采用数据格式检查、邻近台站对比分析、重采样等方法,成功地对这2台OBS数据进行了解编处理,得到了这两个台站的综合地震记录剖面;利用上述方法对2011年实施的OBS973-3测线中的异常台站OBS03进行了分析处理,同样得到了OBS03台站的综合地震剖面;通过查看两次海上实验班报发现,OBS2006-2测线之OBS06与OBS973-3测线之OBS03内部Sedis编号相同,为同一台记录仪器,再一次验证上述处理方法正确可行;然后对OBS2006-2测线2个台站进行震相识别与走时拾取后,利用前人纵波速度模型开展了射线追踪与走时模拟.此次对异常OBS数据的重新处理工作,不仅为OBS探测提供了宝贵的数据处理经验,而且将提高OBS2006-2测线地壳结构的可靠性和约束性,具有重要的研究意义.  相似文献