Characterization and quantification of within-year variation of snow-cover elevation in mountainous regions, eastern Tibet     

Jie Gao  XuDong Fu  TongLiang Gong  GuangQian Wang  Hao Wang 《寒旱区科学》2011,3(5):0400-0407

Fluctuating snow-covered elevation (FSCE) was conceptualized and proposed to characterize within-year variation of the border between snow-covered and snow-free area in mountainous regions. Two parameters, namely median of snow free period (T_m) and snow free duration (ΔT), were defined to quantify FSCE. A regression model of FSCE was developed for the Lhasa River Basin, Niyang River Basin, and Changdu region in eastern Tibet. Statistical analysis of the snow-products data with a spatial resolution of 25km×25km shows that: (1) T_m correlates weakly with geographical and topographic factors, having the yearly mean value of July 31; (2) ΔT correlates significantly with the average elevation of the snow-products cell, having the yearly mean value of nearly five months (i.e., 151 days); (3) the region begins snow disappearance in late April and finishes snow coverage in mid November, being snow-free from late June to mid September and snow-covered from December to March in the next year. In addition, snow-products with higher spatial resolution will be helpful to characterize FSCE in smaller spatial scales.  相似文献   

遥感技术在青藏高原空白区地质填图中的应用     

白朝军  陈瑞保 《河南国土资源》2001,(2)

针对藏北高原独特的自然地理条件及 1∶2 5万区域地质调查的任务 ,本文从遥感图像计算机处理及制作、解译标志建立及解译制图、野外实地验证、应用效果分析评价等方面详细介绍了遥感技术在藏北 1∶2 5万区域地质调查工作中的应用方法及程序。实践证明 ,该区遥感图像在岩石类型识别、岩石地层单元、断裂构造、褶皱构造解译及自然地理地貌特征识别等方面可解度高 ,遥感技术在区调工作中的应用提高了填图工作精度、工作效率 ,降低了工作成本 ,在今后工作中应加强推广应用。  相似文献   

BOOK REVIEWS     

《The Professional geographer》1986,38(2):195-222

Book Reviewed in this article: The Vanishing Farmland Crisis, Critical Views of the Movement to Preserve Agricultural Land . John Baden Protecting Farmlands . Frederick R. Steiner and John E. Theilacker Ecological Effects of Fire in South African Ecosystems . Peter de V. Booysen and Neil M. Tainton Geography in China . Wu Chuanjun , Wang Nailiang , Lin Chao and Zhao Songqiao Resource Inventory and Baseline Study Methods for Developing Countries . Francis Conant , Peter Rogers , Marion Baumgardner , Cyrus Mc Kell , Raymond Dasmann, and Priscilla Reining Principles of Remote Sensing . Paul J. Curran Famine As A Geographical Phenomenon . Bruce Currey and Graeme Hugo The Suburban Squeeze: Land Conversion and Regulation in the San Francisco Bay Area . David E. Dowall Senses of Place . John Eyles Uneven Development and the Geographical Transfer of Value . D. K. Forbes and P. J. Rimmer Issues in Wilderness Management . Michael Frome Land-use and Prehistory in South-east Spain , The London Research Series in Geography 8. Antonio Gilman and John B. Thornes with Stephen Wise Regions in Question, Space, Development Theory and Regional Policy . Charles Gore The Colorado River: Instability and Basin Management . William L. Graf Hazardous Waste Sites: The Credibility Gap . Michael R. Greenberg and Richard F. Anderson Peasants, Subsistence Ecology, and Development in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea . Lawrence S. Grossman Silver Cities: The Photography of American Urbanization, 1839-1915 Peter B. Hales Silicon Landscapes . Peter Hall and Ann Markusen Remaking Ibieca: Rural Life in Aragon under Franco . Susan F. Harding The European Energy Challenge: East and West . George W. Hoffman The Global Climate . John T. Houghton The Urban Jobless in Eastern Africa . Abel G. M. Ishumi . The Tourist: Travel in Twentieth-Century North America . John A. Jakle City and Society: An Outline for Urban Geography . R. J. Johnston Residential Segregation, The State and Constitutional Conflict in American Urban Areas . R. J. Johnston Accessibility and Utilization: Geographical Perspectives on Health Care Delivery . Alun E. Joseph and David R. Phillips To the Heart of Asia: The Life of Sven Hedin . George Kish North American Culture , Vol 1. Ary J. Lamme III Past and Present in the Americas: A Compendium of Recent Studies . John Lynch Ethnicity in Contemporary America: A Geographical Appraisal . Jesse O. Mc Kee The Shell Countryside Book . Richard Muir and Eric Duffey 1990 Planning Conference Series. Proceedings of the National Geographic Areas Conference . Proceedings of the Regional Geographic Areas Conferences Wood, Brick, and Stone: The North American Settlement Landscape . Vol. 2: Barns and Farm Structures . Allen G. Noble Bangladesh: Biography of a Muslim Nation . Charles Peter O'donnell  相似文献   

昆仑8.1级地震前青藏块体东北缘构造运动特征   总被引：9，自引：7，他引：2  

王双绪  张希  张晓亮  张四新  薛富平 《大地测量与地球动力学》2004,24(1):50-56

利用青藏块体东北缘1993、1999和2001年的GPS观测资料和1980年以来的跨断层流动形变资料，分析了昆仑8．1级地震前青藏块体东北缘地区水平运动演变与断层异常活动的一些特征。结果显示：震前水平运动与变形强度减弱，断层形变异常发育。结合块体和构造研究认为，青藏块体内部8．1级大震的蕴育和发生，对块体边界构造区域影响显著；震后调整和应力转移可能加速块体东北部某些构造部位应变能的积累。  相似文献   

天然源面波法在西藏扎西康矿区采空区勘察中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

杨涛  肖扬  周慰  吴小勇  邹华敏 《地质找矿论丛》2021,36(1):126-130

天然源面波勘探是从自然界的各种微小振动中提取出瑞雷面波,经过面波频散曲线的反演得到岩层速度结构,达到推测地下岩层和构造分布状况的目的。该方法克服了人工源激发困难的问题,对场地适应性强,有效探测深度较大,探测结果具有分辨率高、抗干扰能力强等特点。文章以扎西康矿区采空区勘察中的应用为例,介绍了天然源面波法特点、优势及应用效果。  相似文献   

西藏浦桑果铜铅锌多金属矿床S、Pb同位素组成及对成矿物质来源的示踪   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李壮  王立强  李海峰  旦真王修  施硕 《现代地质》2018,32(1):56

西藏浦桑果铜铅锌多金属矿床位于南冈底斯成矿带火山岩浆弧内,矿区矽卡岩型铜铅锌矿体主要呈透镜状和似层状近东西向赋存于白垩系塔克那组第四岩性段矽卡岩化大理岩中。基于野外地质调查和成矿地质条件,对矿床主要金属硫化物闪锌矿、方铅矿、黄铜矿等的S、Pb同位素特征进行研究,并结合前人数据,综合探讨矿床的成矿物质来源。结果表明,浦桑果矿床矿石金属硫化物的δ34S值介于-24‰~10‰之间,平均值为-040‰,硫同位素频率直方图具明显的塔式分布特征,指示硫可能与岩浆作用有关,硫同位素具岩浆硫特征,主要与闪长玢岩有关。矿石硫化物中206Pb/204Pb变化于18344~18625之间,平均值为18555; 207Pb/204Pb变化于15549~15794之间,平均值为15716; 208Pb/204Pb变化于3812~3934之间,平均值为39044;矿石铅同位素组成稳定,为正常普通铅。结合铅同位素μ值特征(937～982)及铅同位素构造环境演化图投图结果,综合表明浦桑果矿床的矿石铅主要来源于上地壳物质且伴有地幔物质的混染,铅同位素具壳幔混源的特征。  相似文献   

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床矽卡岩矿物特征及其意义     

邬秋敏  陈翠华  涂宗林  张燕  宋志娇  赖翔 《现代地质》2018,32(5):874

西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床是冈底斯北缘一个重要的层状或似层状矽卡岩矿床,来姑组为矿床的主要容矿层位。矿区矽卡岩矿物主要有硅灰石、辉石、石榴石、透闪石、阳起石、绿帘石和绿泥石等。根据矿物的共生组合及交代关系,推断矿床经历了4个成矿阶段：早期矽卡岩阶段、晚期矽卡岩阶段、石英-硫化物阶段和碳酸盐阶段。结合矿物手标本及显微镜下观察,通过对矽卡岩矿物的电子探针测试,分析石榴石、辉石和硅灰石的矿物特征,结果表明：西藏蒙亚啊铅锌矿床属钙质矽卡岩矿床,石榴石和辉石的组分变化较大,分别为And599~9472Gro0~3787(Pyr+Spe+Alm)087~678和Di1885~9444Hd339~7058Jo009~1114,硅灰石的矿物组分为Wo9900~9944Fs037~078En007~023。石榴石属钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石系列,且环带发育,辉石为透辉石-钙铁辉石系列,硅灰石组分较纯。西藏蒙亚啊矽卡岩为钙质矽卡岩,其矿床在形成过程中经历了热液流体的多期多阶段演化,矿床形成环境也并不是稳定的封闭体系。矽卡岩矿物成分特征表明,蒙亚啊铅锌矿床的成矿环境是一个低酸性的氧化-弱氧化环境。  相似文献   

The Zhaxikang Vein‐type Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Sb Deposit in Himalayan Orogen,Tibet: Product by Overprinting and Remobilization Processes during Post‐collisional Period     

LIANG Wei  HOU Zengqian  ZHENG Yuanchuan  YANG Zhusen  LI Zhenqing 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):682-705

The Zhaxikang Pb-Zn-Ag-Sb deposit, the largest polymetallic deposit known in the Himalayan Orogen of southern Tibet, is characterized by vein-type mineralization that hosts multiple mineral assemblages and complicated metal associations. The deposit consists of at least six steeply dipping veintype orebodies that are hosted by Early Jurassic black carbonaceous slates and are controlled by a Cenozoic N–S-striking normal fault system. This deposit records multiple stages of mineralization that include an early period(A) of massive coarse-grained galena–sphalerite deposition and a later period(B) of Sb-bearing vein-type mineralization. Period A is only associated with galena–sphalerite mineralization, whereas period B can be subdivided into ferrous rhodochrosite–sphalerite–pyrite, quartz–sulfosalt–sphalerite, calcite–pyrite, quartz–stibnite, and quartz-only stages of mineralization. The formation of brecciated galena and sphalerite ores during period A implies reworking of pre-existing Pb–Zn sulfides by Cenozoic tectonic deformation, whereas period B mineralization records extensive openspace filling during ore formation. Fluid inclusion microthermometric data indicate that both periods A and B were associated with low–medium temperature(187–267°C) and low salinity(4.00–10.18% wt. Na Cl equivalent) ore-forming fluids, although variations in the physical–chemical nature of the period B fluids suggest that this phase of mineralization was characterized by variable water/rock ratios. Microprobe analyses indicate that Fe concentrations in sphalerite decrease from period A to period B, and can be divided into three groups with Fe S concentrations of 8.999–9.577, 7.125–9.109, 5.438–1.460 mol.%. The concentrations of Zn, Sb, Pb, and Ag within orebodies in the study area are normally distributed in both lateral and vertical directions, and Pb, Sb, and/or Ag concentrations are positive correlation within the central part of these orebodies, but negatively correlate in the margins. Sulfide S isotope compositions are highly variable(4‰–13‰), varying from 4‰ to 11‰ in period A and 10‰ to 13‰ in period B. The Pb isotope within these samples is highly radiogenic and defines linear trends in 206 Pb/204 Pb vs. 207 Pb/204 Pb and 206 Pb/204 Pb vs. 208 Pb/204 Pb diagrams, respectively. The S and Pb isotopic characteristics indicate that the period B orebodies formed by mixing of Pb–Zn sulfides and regional Sbbearing fluids. These features are indicative of overprinting and remobilization of pre-existing Pb–Zn sulfides by Sb-bearing ore-forming fluids during a post-collisional period of the Himalayan Orogeny. The presence of similar ore types in the north Rhenish Massif that formed after the Variscan Orogeny suggests that Zhaxikang-style mineralization may be present in other orogenic belts, suggesting that this deposit may guide Pb–Zn exploration in these areas.  相似文献   

Studies of Metallic and Trace Minerals of the Tiegelongnan Cu‐Au Deposit,Central Tibet,China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

HE Wen  LIN Bin  YANG Huanhuan  SONG Yingxin 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):1123-1138

Electron probe micro-analysis(EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry(EDS) have been used to investigate the principal ore minerals and coexisting metallic mineral inclusions in polished thin sections from the Tiegelongnan deposit, which consists of a high-sulfidation epithermal system(HSES) and a porphyry system(PS). Molybdenite,chalcopyrite, bornite, tennantite, enargite, digenite, anilite, covellite, and tetrahedrite have been identified by EPMA. Intergrowth, cross-cutting and replacement relationships between the metallic minerals suggest that molybdenite formed first(stage 1),followed by chalcopyrite ± bornite ± hematite(stage 2),then bornite ± Cu-sulfides ± Cu-Fe-sulfoarsenides(stage 3),and lastly Cu-Fe-sulfoarsenides ±Cu-sulfides(stage 4). Pyrite is developed throughout all the stages. Droplet-like inclusions of Au-Te minerals commonly occur in tennantite but not in the other major sulfides(molybdenite, chalcopyrite and bornite),implying that tennantite is the most important Au telluride carrier. The pervasive binary equilibrium phases of calaverite and altaite constrain f_(Te2) in the range from ～-6.5 to ～-8 and f_(S2)-11.The intergrowth of bornite and chalcopyrite and the conversion from bornite to digenite suggest fluctuated and relatively low precipitation temperature conditions in the HSES relative to the PS.Contrastingly, the dominance of chalcopyrite in the PS, with minor bornite, suggests relatively high temperature conditions. These new results are important for further understanding the mineral formation processes superimposed by HSES and PS systems.  相似文献   

西藏申扎县格仁错北岸中上泥盆统查果罗玛组中发现中晚二叠世珊瑚化石     

石秋圆  纪占胜  武桂春  孙倩  李浩  何继富  刘振宇  张占云  赵占富  刘圣庆  郭安臣  侯召硕  李东泽 《地球学报》2018,39(4):453-462

在西藏申扎县的格仁错北,在原划于中、上泥盆统查果罗玛组的灰岩地层中,获得了中、晚二叠世的珊瑚化石,经鉴定,共有5属6种及1个未定种:Iranophyllum?sp.,Iranophyllum tunicatum Igo,Neokueichowpora haydeni(Cowper Reed),Praewentzelella irregularis Wu et Zhao,Praewentzelella tibetica(Reed),Waagenophyllum indicum(Waagen et Wentzel),Wentzelella zhongbaensis WuZhao等。根据珊瑚化石的时代及地层岩性特点对研究区以往认为的中、上泥盆统查果罗玛组进行了修订:剖面1—11层修订为中二叠统下拉组,11层之上修订为上二叠统—下三叠统木纠错组。该区木纠错组岩性主要以白云岩、白云质灰岩、灰岩、砂屑灰岩、砾屑灰岩为主,属于蒸发岩台地-开阔台地过渡相沉积。  相似文献