次天气尺度与中尺度正、斜压模演变揭示的武汉暴雨过程     

陈建萍  周伟灿  单九生  齐冰 《气象》2006,32(3):18-26

利用滤波原理提取出大气流场中的次天气尺度和中尺度信息，再把大尺度和中尺度水平风场分别分解为正压分量（垂直平均）和斜压分量（扰动）流场。对1998年7月21～22日发生在武汉附近的强暴雨过程进行了次天气尺度与中尺度流场正、斜压分量演变特征的分析。结果表明：次天气尺度与中尺度流场正压分量的演变与此次强暴雨的酝酿、发展和消亡具有内在的联系；次天气尺度与中尺度流场高层200hPa斜压分量很强，低层850hPa正压分量很强；次天气尺度与中尺度流场斜压性占主导地位，随着暴雨的发展，中尺度流场的正压性减弱而斜压性进一步增强，而次天气尺度流场的正压性增强而斜压性减弱。以上结论对于揭示中尺度暴雨过程发生发展的本质有一定的意义。  相似文献   

Introducing a new learning method for fuzzy descriptor systems with the aid of spectral analysis to forecast solar activity     

Masoud Mirmomeni  Masoud Shafiee  Caro Lucas  Babak Nadjar Araabi   《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2006,68(18):2061-2074

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Bench–shelf system dynamic characteristics and their effects on equipment and contents     

Tara C. Hutchinson  Samit Ray Chaudhuri 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(13):1631-1651

Economic losses during past earthquakes are strongly associated with damage and failure to nonstructural equipment and contents. Among the vast types of nonstructural elements, one important category, is scientific equipment in biological or chemical laboratories. These equipment are often mounted on heavy ceramic bench‐tops of bench–shelf systems, which in turn may amplify the dynamic motions imposed. To investigate the seismic response of these types of systems, a series of shake table and field experiments were conducted considering different representative bench and shelf‐mounted equipment and contents. Results from shake table experiments indicate that these equipment are generally sliding‐dominated. In addition, the bench–shelf system is observed to be very stiff and when lightly loaded, has a fundamental frequency between 10 and 16 Hz. An approximate 50% reduction in the first and second fundamental frequencies is observed considering practical loading conditions. Insight into a broader range of system response is provided by conducting eigenvalue and time history analyses. Non‐linear regression through the numerical data indicate acceleration amplification ratios Ω range from 2.6 to 1.4 and from 4.3 to 1.6, for fixed–fixed and pinned–pinned conditions, respectively. Both the experimental and numerical results support the importance of determining the potential dynamic amplification of motion in the context of accurately determining the maximum sliding displacement of support equipment and contents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于主成分分析的遥感图像模拟真彩色融合法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

樊旭艳  付春龙  石继海  武丽娟 《测绘科学技术学报》2006,23(4):287-289,292

对不同空间分辨率、时间分辨率和波谱分辨率的遥感图像进行综合、高效的利用,是遥感应用的关键问题之一.基于主分量变换法,提出了基于主成分分析的模拟真彩色融合法.该方法不仅具有主成分分析融合法的光谱波段选择灵活和光谱信息损失小等优点,同时该方法还可获得逼真的自然色彩的融合图像,提高了图像的融合效果.利用QuickBird全色和多光谱数据进行了试验,并与色彩空间变换法(HIS)、比值变换融合法和乘积变换法等传统方法,在定性和定量两个方面进行了比较分析.结果表明,新方法很好的保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息,提高了空间细节的表现能力,是一种有效实用的遥感图像融合方法.  相似文献   

The simulation of heat and water exchange in the boreal spruce forest by the land-surface model SWAP   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Yeugeniy M. Gusev  Olga N. Nasonova 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,280(1-4):162-191

All previous versions of a physically based land-surface model SWAP have assumed for simplicity that vegetation is fully covered by snow during the cold season. Such assumption is reasonable only for the regions dominated by short vegetation or for warm climates where snow processes are absent. The major goals of this paper are (i) modification of the latest version of SWAP by incorporation of tall vegetation into the cold-season parameterizations to make the model applicable for simulating heat and water transfer within a boreal forest biome and (ii) validation of the modified version using the data from a forested catchment located in the boreal zone. Modification of SWAP required to parameterize radiative and turbulent exchange between the forest crown and forest floor, partitioning snowfall between interception by the canopy (in doing so, snow interception differs from rain interception) and falling to the ground, formation of snow cover on the forest crown and forest floor including snow accumulation (both in solid and liquid fractions), snow evaporation, and snowmelt. The advanced model was validated using a set of hydrometeorological data measured during 18 years (1966–1983) at the Tayozhniy catchment (covered by boreal spruce forest), Valdai, Russia. Simulations of annual and monthly snow/rain interception, daily runoff at the catchment outlet, snow density, snow depth, snow water equivalent, soil water storage in three layers (0–20, 0–50 and 0–100 cm), and monthly evapotranspiration from the catchment were compared with observations. Analysis of the results of validation shows that the new version of the model SWAP reproduces the heat and water exchange processes occurring in mid-latitude boreal forest quite reasonable.  相似文献   

On the Components of Indigenous Population Change     

Yohannes Kinfu  John Taylor 《The Australian geographer》2005,36(2):233-255

The 2001 census count of Indigenous Australians produced an intercensal change in numbers that cannot be explained by demographic processes alone. Using census and vital registration data, this paper unravels the components of such change and provides new insight into Indigenous population dynamics. In particular, it establishes the first estimates of proximate determinants of fertility, and extends mortality analysis by examining the components of low Indigenous life expectancy. Results show that demographic factors account for only 69 per cent of population change. Of these components, national Indigenous fertility is found to be below replacement level, while lack of convergence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous mortality remains. As Indigenous socio-economic circumstances are spatially diverse, the paper also explores the geography of demographic processes using data for 36 ATSIC regions and capital city/balance of State classifications. This reveals continued high fertility across parts of north Australia and an indication that mortality levels are associated with degree of urban residence.  相似文献   

长坑-富湾金、银矿床铅同位素组成特征及其意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

毛晓冬  黄思静 《华南地质与矿产》2003,(1):27-32

测定的金、银矿石矿物铅同位素组成表明，矿石铅同位素组成变化幅度较大，在单阶段增长曲线图上均呈线性分布，金矿石拟合直线与μ=8.64的普通铅单阶段地长曲线相切，说明金矿石铅为普通铅和放射成因铅两阶段混合而成的异常铅；单阶段演化方程计算结果显示，金矿石混合铅的正常端元在1048.1Ma前已从它的放射性母体中（源区）分离出来，铅来源的最大可能是云开地区老于1048.1Ma的中元古代地层；按两阶段异常铅演化方程，给定假设的含异常铅矿物结晶时间的可能范围t2=227-23.3Ma，计算得到对应的t1=1225.9-1357.1Ma，也表明异常铅来源于中元古界，属两阶段演化的产物。银矿石铅同位素组成部分落在金矿石的铅异常直线上，说明银矿石异常铅是富^207Pb的端元铅与金矿石的两阶段异常铅的不同比例混合铅。为三阶段演化的异常铅。负同位素构造模式图反映金矿石铅的壳源性质，而银矿石铅则有壳幔混合源的特点。  相似文献   

起算数据误差影响下的方差分量估计     

黄加纳 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1998,(3)

探讨了起算数据误差影响下的方差分量估计方法,给出了顾及起算数据误差影响时求解方差分量估值的方程组及单位权中误差估值的计算公式,并通过实例说明了当起算数据误差较大时,它们对方差分量估计的影响是不应忽略的。  相似文献   

热泉热液金矿化中嗜热微生物——有机质的地球化学作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

潘海祥  陆元法 《矿物岩石》1998,18(3):45-50

本文主要通过对热泉热液金成矿过程中的热泉水化学成分和组分的分析,得出泉水中金与氮磷硫、氟硅碳两组组分有很好的相关性。嗜热硫酸盐还原菌能使［Ａｕ（ＨＳ）２］－和［Ａｕ（Ｓ２Ｏ３）２］３－都氧化还原成硫化物,从而使金由热水溶液中沉淀。热泉沉积软泥的有机质中的含硫氨基酸、含硫芳烃也起到了一定的聚金作用。  相似文献   

合成孔径雷达遥感新技术--InSAR介绍   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

刘国祥 《四川测绘》2004,27(2):92-95

InSAR是正在发展中的极具潜力的微波遥感新技术。为使广大测绘工作者对它有一个全面了解，本系列讲座将分六部分对InSAR作较为详细的介绍与讨论。作为第一部分，本文将对InSAR的发展历史、技术背景、系统构成与应用情况等方面作总体介绍。  相似文献