变形交通线路图自动制作方法     

蔡先华  王浪  付晓 《测绘通报》2020,(5):130-133

城市交通网络规模的不断扩大使得交通线路图成为一种常用地图。为了提高信息的传输效率，更好地保证图形的清晰易读性，出现了变形交通线路地图^[1]。本文分析了变形交通线路图特性并对其自动制作过程进行了总结。为解决制作过程中地图符号冲突问题，提出了作用力驱动站点位移的交通线路图变形压缩方法。建立交通线路图中站点受力移动模型并设计了以坐标轴为轴心的移位算法。试验表明，该算法能够有效解决地图符号冲突问题，为完全自动制作变形交通线路图建立了基础。  相似文献   

New recognitions to genesis and exploitation of the Xuxi River in Jiangsu Province     

MA Chunmei  ZHU Cheng  LIN Chengkun  PUYANG Kangjing 《地理学报》2005,15(3):367-374

Along the north bank of the Xuxi River, the sand-intercalated-muddy gravel layer from -3.7~-5.8 m in the borehole 7508 at the East Dam and the middle, coarse and fine sand layer with a thickness of 4.5 m at the lower part of the borehole 8179 between the East Dam and the West Dam indicate that a large natural river was here before the Kingdom of Wu excavated the Xuxi Canal. The existence of Neolithic sites such as Xuecheng, Chaoduntou and Xiajiadang along the Xuxi River and the silt layer with dozens of meters archived under the earth's surface within a range of 1 km along both banks are the even more important evidences for the existence of the ancient Zhongjiang River. The floodgate of the East Dam nowadays makes against the communication between the Shuiyangjiang River and the Taihu Lake. The authors suggest the canal between Wuhu and Taihu Lake should be excavated as soon as possible, namely, the navigation channel from Wuhu through Guchenghu Lake, Xuxi River, East Dam, Liyang, Yixing to Taihu Lake should be further widen and the deposits composed of slope wash on the watershed between Shuiyangjiang River and Taihu Lake should be dredged away. Then, the channel journey can be shortened, the boats in ship transportation on the Yangtze River can be shunted to ensure the security of shipping, the resources of sand and gravel in the old river channel can be exploited and the dike of the Yangtze River can be reinforced. So, the problems of irrigation, flood diversion, pollution abatement and drainage of flooded fields in the lower Yangtze River will be resolved. Then, the above methods can impel the sustainable development of the Xuxi River and Taihu Lake area.  相似文献   

渠道刚性衬砌层(板)冻胀受力试验与防冻胀破坏研究   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

余书超  宋玲  欧阳辉  马庆安  邢海峰 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):639-641

对渠道受冻胀时其刚性衬砌层(板)受冻胀力的情况进行了室内模型测试试验, 结果表明: 其边坡衬砌层(板)所受的冻胀力是平行于该衬砌层(板)的切向冻胀力, 该力大小及正负与渠床土含水量沿渠道横断面高度的分布直接相关. 另外, 渠道边坡衬砌层(板)和其下冻土层之间冻结约束的存在与否是边坡衬砌层(板)会不会受冻胀力的必要条件, 若此约束存在, 则可能受冻胀力, 若此约束不存在(被解除), 则其不可能受冻胀力. 从对试验结果的分析中, 还找到了造成渠道刚性衬砌层(板)冻胀破坏的最终原因, 并据此提出了一些针对性很强的防治渠道冻胀破坏的方法.  相似文献   

Evolution and paleobiogeography of mangroves     

Jyoti Srivastava  Vandana Prasad 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(6)

We reviewed the geological record of mangroves based on fossil pollen, fruits, and wood evidence of Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae, and mangrove associates to trace the origin, distribution, extinction, and range contraction of paleo‐mangroves during the Late Cretaceous–Miocene time. Our study region covers paleocoastal areas of Indo‐West Pacific (IWP) and Atlantic East Pacific (AEP) region. First, we compiled the mangrove fossil records from the Late Cretaceous till Miocene and identified the migration pattern for Nypa, Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophoraceae members, and mangrove associates such as Acrostichum, Wetherellia, Pelliciera, Aegiceras, Heritiera, Excoecaria, and Barringtonia. Second, we interpreted the paleoclimate shifts which caused the dispersal/extinction of this specialized ecosystem. Lastly, we proposed the future consequences of mangrove diversity for restoration and conservation strategies. First mangroves appeared during the Late Cretaceous, 100–65 Ma, since then their evolution is closely related to sea‐level changes in geological times. The oldest geological record of Nypa palm which prefers broad ecological tolerance is a good example for pantropical distribution of mangroves. High sea‐level and humid climate offered sufficient coastal regions and climate for the development of 12 genera of mangroves in nine families and subsequent proliferation into newer areas during early to middle Eocene (~50–40 Ma). The Eocene/Oligocene boundary crisis heralds the beginning of a biogeographical split between the present‐day eastern and western provinces of mangroves with records of Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Pelliciera, Barringtonia, and Acrostichum. However, during Oligocene and Middle Miocene mangroves occupied the present geographical position with addition of Nypa, Avicennia, and Excoecaria species. Re‐evaluation of Cenozoic records suggests that the climatic conditions of Late Paleocene, end of Eocene, and middle Pliocene were the driving force that led to the evolution and expansion of mangrove flora. During the Neogene, latitudinal contraction, extinction, and migration of mangroves led to the present bipartite distribution. The Himalayan uplift and establishment of Asian summer monsoon toward Late Neogene further affected the coastal dynamics which tailored the mangrove distribution of the Indian subcontinent. Loss of ecological habitats and local extinction forming disjunct distribution of mangroves during the Quaternary have also affected its overall biogeography.  相似文献   

Escape route analysis after water inrush from the working face during submarine tunnel excavation     

S. C. Li  J. Wu  Z. H. Xu  B. Zhang  X. Huang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2018,36(4):379-392

More and more deep-seated long submarine tunnels are under construction, which greatly promotes the development of tunneling technology. The complex geological conditions and frequent geological disasters have become great challenges during submarine tunnel excavation. Among them, casualties and economic losses caused by water inrush are on the top levels in all kinds of tunnel geological disasters. Escape routes after water inrush from the working face during submarine tunnel excavation are investigated and optimized in the present study. Numerical simulations are performed using the FLUENT software to probe water flow characteristics after inrush. Two common cases of water inrush during double-line submarine tunnel excavation are researched. The variation rules of velocity and pressure in the tunnels after inrush are analyzed and discussed. The optimized escape routes are achieved. Finally, the water movement laws after inrush from the working face under different excavation situations are further discussed by comparing the two case studies. Water inrush of high velocity occurs on one working face of the double-line submarine tunnel, and the research results are as follows: (1) The velocity close to the tunnel side wall is the minimum, while it is the maximum in the middle position. (2) The pressure changes greatly at the intersection area of the cross passage and the tunnels. (3) The velocity and pressure nearby the working face without water inrush are both small. (4) The velocity at the high location of the cross passage is relatively small.  相似文献   

Evaluating water table response to rainfall events in a shallow aquifer and canal system   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Meijing Zhang  Harsh Vardhan Singh  Kati W. Migliaccio  Isaya Kisekka 《水文研究》2017,31(22):3907-3919

Shallow aquifers typically have greater hydrologic connectivity and response to recharge and changes in surface water management practices than deeper aquifers and are therefore often managed to reduce the risk of flooding. Quantification of the water table elevation response under different management scenarios provides valuable information in shallow aquifer systems to assess indirect influences of such modifications. The episodic master recession method was applied to the 15‐min water table elevation and NEXRAD rainfall data for 6 wells to identify water table response and individual rainfall events. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of rainfall, water table elevation, canal stage, site‐specific characteristics, and canal structure modification/water management practice on the fluctuations in water table elevations using multiple/stepwise multiple linear regression techniques. With the modification of canal structure and operation adjustment, significant difference existed in water table response in the southern wells due to its relative downstream position regarding the general groundwater flow direction and the structural modification locations. On average, water table response height and flood risk were lower after than before the structure modification to canals. The effect of rainfall event size on the height of water table response was greater than the effect of antecedent water table elevation and canal stage on the height of water table response. Other factors including leakance of the canal bed sediment, specific yield, and rainfall on i  ? 1 day had significant effects on the height of water table response as well. Antecedent water table elevation and canal stage had greater and more linear effects on the height of water table response after the management changes to canals. Variation in water table response height/rainfall event size ratio was attributed to difference in S _y , antecedent soil water content, hydraulic gradient, rainfall size, and run‐off ratio. After the structure modification, water table response height/rainfall event size ratio demonstrated more linear and proportional relationship with antecedent water table elevation and canal stage.  相似文献   

海泡石应用于调湿材料的研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

吕荣超冀志江  张连松王静 金宗哲 《岩石矿物学杂志》2005,24(4):329-332

为寻找合适的湿度调节材料,本文对海泡石及海泡石复合样品进行了吸湿能力和放湿能力测试。与坡缕石比较,10g200目海泡石样品可以将10L密闭容器的湿度从70%降至4%,吸湿能力强于同样条件下的坡缕石。海泡石(10g)的吸、放湿能力经过3次吸、放湿实验后有所减弱,最后一次吸湿量达0.4g,放湿量达0.15g。实验还发现,30g海泡石和白水泥复合样品可以使10L容器内部的湿度稳定在40%～50%,因此,海泡石可以用作室内湿度调节的建筑材料。  相似文献   

对江苏胥溪河成因及其开发利用的新探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱诚  林承坤  马春梅  武春林  张芸  杨晓轩  濮阳康京  王心源 《地理学报》2005,60(4):673-679

胥溪河东坝北岸7508钻孔柱状剖面中-3.7~-5.8 m深处2 m厚的砂夹泥砾土层和东坝至下坝间的8179号孔下部存在4.5 m厚的中、粗、细粒砂层表明,在春秋吴国开凿胥溪运河之前,该处就存在规模较大的天然河流;胥溪河沿岸薛城遗址、朝墩头遗址和下家宕新石器时代遗址的存在,以及胥溪河两岸1 km范围内地表数米之下厚达数十米的淤泥层更是古中江在胥溪河一带存在的重要证据。目前胥溪河东坝所建的船闸不利于水阳江和太湖水系的沟通,也不利于发挥胥溪河流域灌溉和航运的应有作用。若能及早开发芜 (湖) -太 (湖) 运河,即进一步拓宽芜湖→固城湖→胥溪河→东坝→溧阳→宜兴→太湖的水运航道,清除水阳江和太湖水系之间由坡积物构成的分水岭岗地堆积物,不仅可缩短长江入太湖的水上航线,还可分流长江航运船只、保证安全通航率、开发古河道砂砾石资源、稳固长江堤防,解决长江下游灌溉、分洪、排涝和冲污等一系列现实问题,推动胥溪河流域经济可持续发展。  相似文献   

Integrated water resource management in a major canal command in eastern India     

S. K. Raul  Sudhindra N. Panda  H. Holländer  M. Billib 《水文研究》2011,25(16):2551-2562

The present rice‐dominated cropping system in the Hirakud canal command (eastern India) is under severe threat due to imbalance between irrigation water supply and demand. The canal water supply, which is the only source of irrigation, only meets 54% of the demand at 90% probability of exceedance (PE). In order to mitigate the irrigation water deficit from canal water, groundwater is considered as a supplemental source. Quasi‐three‐dimensional groundwater flow simulation modelling was, therefore, carried out by using Visual MODFLOW to detect the change in hydraulic head due to transient pumping stresses. The simulation model was calibrated and validated satisfactorily. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters shows that groundwater recharge is most sensitive followed by aquifer hydraulic conductivity at almost all the sites of the command area, whereas the model is comparatively less sensitive to specific storage and specific yield. Enhanced pumping scenarios showed that groundwater extraction can be increased up to 50 times of the existing pumping without causing any adverse effect to the aquifer but the aquifer does not permit to exploit water in order to fulfill the irrigation water demand even at 10% PE. Hence, it is imperative to develop an optimal land and water resources management plan of the command area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于WebGIS的新疆经典旅游信息系统——以观光线路查询为例     

张洋  郑江华 《地球信息科学学报》2011,13(4):500-505

本研究以经典旅游路线体系和新疆旅游观光线路的经典性为重点,从纷繁复杂、种类各异的新疆旅游资源中,结合新疆旅游资源,设计实现了新疆经典旅游信息系统.从游客的需求性、旅游路线的经典性和景点的代表性出发,有针对性地初步构建经典旅游线路体系,筛选并建立了MYSQI.经典旅游线路数据库.依据新疆部分旅行社、旅游局和导游协会推荐意...  相似文献