Modelling ion composition in seepage water from a column experiment with an open cut coal mine sediment     

B. Ludwig  J. Prenzel  P. Obermann 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2001,73(2)

Secondary reactions occurring in pyrite-containing sediments from open cut coal mines are complex and not fully understood. In this study, the changes in seepage water composition in a column experiment with a sediment containing pyrite (5.6 g kg⁻¹) were evaluated using a chemical equilibrium model. A column experiment with artificial irrigation (730 mm water yr⁻¹) was carried out for 2 yr with a sediment from the open pit mine Garzweiler, Germany, at the Institute of Applied Geology. Tracer (LiCl) was added to the sediment. Seepage water composition at 52 cm depth was sampled weekly. Redox potential and the water potential were also recorded weekly. Sulphate and Fe(II) were the dominant ions in the seepage water with concentration maxima of 500 and 350 mmol l⁻¹ after 50 days (0.7 pore volumes (PV)). Minimum pH values were around 0.8 after 100 days (1.4 PV), but increased subsequently and reached 2.4 after 700 days (9.5 PV). Ion activity product calculations indicated the intermediate formation of gypsum (19th–480th day of the experiment). Solutions were undersaturated with respect to alunite, jarosite, jurbanite, schwertmannite, melanterite, gibbsite and goethite during the whole experiment. The model of coupled equilibria which included inorganic complexation, precipitation/dissolution of gypsum and multiple cation exchange was tested. Pyrite oxidation and pH-dependent silicate weathering were considered using simple input functions. Transport was modelled using a field capacity cascade submodel. Model results showed satisfactory agreement with measured values for pH and concentrations of SO₄, Fe, Mg, Ca and Al. Correlation coefficients lay between 0.7 and 0.9 and linear regression coefficients (modelled against measured) were 1.5 (Ca), 1.0 (Fe, SO₄), 0.8 (Mg), 0.7 (pH) and 0.6 (Al). The results showed that the protons produced during pyrite oxidation (94 mmol_c H⁺ kg⁻¹) were mainly released into seepage water (as HSO₄⁻ and H⁺). Cation exchange reactions buffered 20 mmol_c of H⁺ kg⁻¹ sediment, and Al released by silicate weathering accounted for 3.6 mmol_c H⁺ kg⁻¹. Modelling was useful to further understand the significance of different pH buffer reactions.  相似文献   

古里雅冰芯近2000年来气候环境变化记录   总被引：45，自引：11，他引：45       下载免费PDF全文

姚檀栋 《第四纪研究》1997,17(1):52-61

古里雅冰芯高分辨率地连续记录了近2000年来的气候环境变化。以δ¹⁸O和冰川积累量为指标的气候变化记录的重建表明，温度的波动频率大于降水波动频率，但每次干湿变化中的幅度却又大于温度变化幅度。同时，可以明显看出降水变化滞后温度变化的特征。以Na^＋，Mg^2＋，Cl^-，SO^2-₄等阴、阳离子为指标的大气成分和环境变化记录的重建，揭示了青藏高原地区大气成分和环境变化与气候变化的密切关系。  相似文献   

Removal of K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, and M^g2＋ from saline-alkaline water using the microalga Scenedesmus obliquus     

么宗利  应成琦  陆建学  来琦芳  周凯  王慧  陈玲 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(6):1248-1256

The capability ofScenedesmus obliquus to remove cations （K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋） from saline- alkaline water was investigated at different salinities （0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25） and carbonate alkalinities （0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 mmol/L）. K^＋, Na^＋, Ca^2＋, and Mg^2＋ in saline-alkaline water were efficiently removed by S. obliquus. The maximum removal of the cations （29.37 mg for K^＋, 185.85 mg for Na^＋, 23.07 mg for Ca^2＋, 66.14 mg for Mg^2＋） occurred at salinity 25. The maximum removal of K^＋ （2.28 mg）, Na＋ （6.62 mg）, Ca^2＋ （1.01 mg）, and Mg2＋ （0.62 mg） occurred at carbonate alkalinities of 25 mmol/L for K＊, 35 mmol/L for Na＋, 20 mmol/L for Ca2＋, and 25 mmol/L for Mf＋, respectively. Under a salinity stress, the concentration of Na＇ in S. obliquus increased significantly, while that of K~ decreased significantly. The concentrations of Ca^2＋ and Mg2＋ decreased as well. The ratios of K＋/Na~, Ca2＋/Na^＋, and Mg^2＋/Na^＋ were significantly lower in all salinity treatments than those of the control. Under alkaline stress, the concentrations of Nan and K＋ in S. obliquus decreased significantly and the ratios of K^＋/Na^＋, Ca2＋/Na^＋, and Mg^2＋/Na^＋ were significantly higher in all treatments than in the control. Moreover, the concentrations of Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ in S. obliquus at alkalinities of 5-10 mmol/L were significantly higher than those of the other treatments. The removal of Na＋ by S. obliquus mainly occurs through biosorption, and Mg^2＋ and Ca^2 ＋ were removed through both biosorption and bioaccumulation.  相似文献   

Effect of cations on thermal properties of montmorillonite     

CHAI Mao  LI Chunxiao  JIANG Wei  DU Fengzhi 《世界地质(英文版)》2013,16(2):88-93

Based on comparison and analysis on structural cations of montmorillonite in bentonite samples collected from several typical areas in Jilin Province, relationships among type and quantity of interlayer/tetrahedral/octahedral cations and temperature and activation energy of removal of bound and hydroxyl water were investigated. The results show that the interlayer cations not only play decisive roles on removal temperature of bound water, but also influence dehydroxylation temperature and activation energy of montmorillonite. Type of octahedral cations also has an effect on dehydroxylation process.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of Salt-leached Clay Sediments in the Ariake Bay Area,Japan     

Phanny He  Masami Ohtsubo  Takahiro Higashi  Motohei Kanayama 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):429-436

This study aims to determine whether the principle that “divalent cation predominance in the pore water precludes quick clay development” applies to the Ariake Bay sediments. The chemical and geotechnical properties of an Ariake clay sediment are presented, and sensitivity is discussed with a focus on pore-water salinity and cation composition. In recent years, reduction of pore-water salinity has occurred due to permeation of river water through the sediments because of overpumping of groundwater. Sodium remains the dominant pore-water cation in an upper zone, whereas divalent cations are dominant in the deeper zone. Divalent cation domination in the deeper zone is ascribed to Ca release from nearby cement-stabilized sediments and to Mg increase in response to a change in river water quality. The upper zone's sensitivity ranged from 15 to 77, and the remolded strength was mostly <0.5 kPa, such that quick clay was present over much of its depth. In contrast, the deeper zone's sensitivity was <40, and its remolded strength exceeded 0.5 kPa; quick clay was not present despite the <2 g/L salinity. The absence of quick clay is ascribed to the high remolded strength caused by the pore-water divalent to monovalent cation ratio being greater than 0.25.  相似文献   

Ground motion record simulation for structural analysis by consideration of spectral acceleration autocorrelation pattern   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Alireza Azarbakht  Mahdi Sadeghi  Mehdi Mousavi 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(2):195-202

A novel approach is introduced to generate simulated ground motion records by considering spectral acceleration correlations at multiple periods. Most of the current reliable Ground Motion Record(GMR) simulation procedures use a seismological model including source, path and site characteristics. However, the response spectrum of simulated GMR is somewhat different when compared with the response spectrum based on recorded GMRs. More specifi cally, the correlation between the spectral values at multiple periods is a characteristic of a record which is usually different between simulated and recorded GMRs. As this correlation has a signifi cant infl uence on the structural response, it is needed to investigate the consistency of the simulated ground motions with actual records. This issue has been investigated in this study by incorporating an optimization algorithm within the Boore simulation technique. Eight seismological key parameters were optimized in order to achieve approximately the same correlation coeffi cients and spectral acceleration between two sets of real and simulated records. The results show that the acceleration response spectra of the synthetic ground motions also have good agreement with the real recorded response spectra by implementation of the proposed optimized values.  相似文献   

基于垂向一阶导数与解析信号比值的欧拉反演方法     

郭灿灿  ;熊盛青  ;薛典军  ;王林飞 《应用地球物理》2014,11(3):331-339

常规欧拉反褶积法中构造指数的选取以及分散解存在较多的问题,提出了基于联立垂向一阶导数与解析信号的欧拉齐次方程的RDAS-Euler反演方法。该方法可以更为精确的估计场源的范围及埋深,且不需考虑构造指数N的影响,避免了因构造指数不当而引起的反演误差。通过对单一地质体及组合地质体模型的实验证明本文方法能有效地完成目标体的反演工作,反演结果与理论值之间的误差小于10%,且相对于常规欧拉反褶积法更加稳定准确,能够更好的得到地质体边界及深度信息。将RDAS-Euler法应用于黑龙江省虎林盆地实测布格重力异常数据,获得了丰富的断裂信息,说明RDASEuler法增强了对断裂平面位置的识别能力。  相似文献   

膨润土中蒙脱石含量测试新方法研究     

杨芳芳  吕宪俊 《矿物学报》2009,29(1)

对于某一特定的膨润土矿,蒙脱石含量与阳离子交换容量呈正相关,以此为依据提出了一种确定蒙脱石含量的新方法——纯样品指标标定法。对山东莱西、潍坊两地膨润土矿的实际测定结果显示,利用纯样品指标标定法确定蒙脱石含量取得了较满意的结果,说明此方法具有较大的使用价值。该方法考虑了膨润土中杂质、蒙脱石层间可交换阳离子类型及端面电荷对测定结果的影响,推荐以钠基土为试样,在pH=4的条件下采用加权法测定蒙脱石含量。  相似文献   

振荡交换-抽滤淋洗结合凯氏定氮法快速测定土壤中的阳离子交换量   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

马怡飞  张尼  魏增  高文旭  王奎 《岩矿测试》2019,38(1):129-135

测定土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)的行业标准方法(LY/T1243—1999)是采取离心分离结合手工蒸馏进行滴定,耗时长、操作繁琐。为了缩短反应时间,提高检测效率,本文利用乙酸铵对酸性和中性土壤进行处理,用氯化铵-乙酸铵对石灰性土壤进行处理,应用振荡和抽滤装置快速交换和清洗阳离子,通过全自动凯氏定氮仪对吸附的铵根离子进行测定,由此计算CEC值。结果表明:在最佳的振荡和蒸馏时间、滴定酸浓度、指示剂配比等实验条件下,一个批次样品(100件)的分析流程仅需要12h,比传统方法检测时间缩短近80%。经国家标准物质验证,测定结果与推荐值相符,5次测定的相对标准偏差均小于1. 5%。本方法免去了多次离心分离操作,解决了待测成分损失、CEC测定值偏低的问题,提高了检测效率和准确度,较林业标准方法的成本低,可操作性强,适用于土壤环境质量评价、地区土壤抽样调查等大批量土壤样品分析。  相似文献   

中国数字地震台网(CDSN)技术系统     

田鑫  郑重  田继枫  周公威 《地震地磁观测与研究》2015,(1)

中国数字地震台网(CDSN)经过第3期升级改造后,硬件系统性能有了质的飞跃,设备的可维护性及数据稳定性全面提升,系统的复杂程度也逐渐攀升。本文详细介绍CDSN技术系统的构成及升级过程,阐述技术规范和实施细节及对CDSN技术改造发挥的作用。  相似文献