A structural synthesis of the Proterozoic Arabian-Nubian Shield in Egypt   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

R. O. Greiling  M. M. Abdeen  A. A. Dardir  H. El Akhal  M. F. El Ramly  G. M. El Din Kamal  A. F. Osman  A. A. Rashwan  A. H. N. Rice  M. F. Sadek 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1994,83(3):484-501

Detailed structural geological and related studies were carried out in a number of critical areas in the Proterozoic basement of eastern Egypt to resolve the structural pattern at a regional scale and to assess the general characteristics of tectonic evolution, orogeny and terrane boundaries. Following a brief account of the tectonostratigraphy and timing of the orogenic evolution, the major structural characteristics of the critical areas are presented. Collisional deformation of the terranes ended about 615-600 Ma ago. Subsequent extensional collapse probably occurred within a relatively narrow time span of about 20 Ma (575 – 595 Ma ago) over the Eastern Desert and was followed by a further period of about 50 Ma of late to post-tectonic activity. The regional structures originated mainly during post-collisional events, starting with those related to extensional collapse (molasse basin formation, normal faulting, generation of metamorphic core complexes). Subsequent NNW-SSE shortening is documented by large-scale thrusting (towards the NNW) and folding, distributed over the Eastern Desert, although with variable intensity. Thrusts are overprinted by transpression, which was localized to particular shear zones. Early transpression produced, for example, the Allaqi shear zone and final transpression is documented in the Najd and Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein zones. Two terrane boundaries can be defined, the Allaqi and South Hafafit Sutures, which are apparently linked by the high angle sinistral strike-slip Wadi Kharit-Wadi Hodein shear zone with a tectonic transport of about 300 km towards the W/NW. In general, the tectonic evolution shows that extensional collapse is not necessarily the final stage of orogeny, but may be followed by further compressional and transpressional tectonism. The late Pan-African high angle faults were reactivated during Red Sea tectonics both as Riedel shears and normal faults, where they were oriented favourably with respect to the actual stress regime.  相似文献   

长江中下游近期河道演变及其主要影响因素   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱立  蔡鹤生 《地球科学》1995,20(4):427-432

长江河道变迁直接影响其两岩的经济开发和人民生活。本文较详细地阐述了长江中下游近期江岸的冲淤变化、江心洲的演变及岸崩塌变形的特征及规律，分析了影响其演变的主要因素，进而预测了江岸的冲淤趋势。  相似文献   

造山后伸展构造研究的最新进展   总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21  

张家声 《地学前缘》1995,2(1):67-84

本文综合介绍和比较分析了全球范围内不同时期造山带中的伸展构造样式；地壳尺度的拆离带或低角度正断层的性质、几何学和运动学；拆离带下盘变质核杂岩的抬升机理及其中各种韧性组构的成因和发展演变；后造山伸展塌陷过程中的岩浆活动和热演化；伸展平行褶皱的成因和构造几何学；后造山伸展盆地的形成过程；造山带地球物理剖面解释和岩石圈动力学；后造山伸展构造的物理和数字模拟等方面，当前开展的主要研究内容、研究方法和趋势。  相似文献   

Lake-ice collapse trenches in Wisconsin,U.S.A.     

Lee Clayton  John W. Attig 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1987,12(2):167-172

A series of trenches about a metre deep, 20 to 30 m wide, and as much as 2 km in length occurs in central Wisconsin, along the east shore of proglacial Lake Wisconsin. They are interpreted to be collapse trenches formed when shore ice melted after being buried beneath an expanding outwash plain.  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土建筑抗倒塌设计   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14  

于山苏幼坡  马东辉苏经宇 《地震工程与工程振动》2005,25(5):67-72

建筑抗倒塌问题近年来在欧美国家得到广泛关注，并颁布了相关的设计规范和标准。我国还没有制定有关建筑抗倒塌方面的规范和标准。本文提出一种基于建筑危险性的钢筋混凝土建筑抗倒塌设计方法。该方法将钢筋混凝土建筑分为四类，通过设置拉杆连接系统和Alternate Path设计提高建筑抗倒塌能力。  相似文献   

枣庄岩溶塌陷形成条件及主要影响因素     

武雄  高明显  张顺峰  孙燕冬  管清花  吴海燕 《地学前缘》2007,14(6):227-233

近年来枣庄市岩溶塌陷频繁发生。通过野外地质调查、现场采样和室内试验相结合的综合手段,对该区的岩溶塌陷覆盖层进行系统地取样并进行深入细致的实验及分析,论述了覆盖层特征对该区岩溶塌陷的影响;运用宏观调查、细观测量和微观分析相结合的研究方法详细论述了地质构造对岩溶塌陷的影响;结合历年水文动态资料、地下水开采量等论述了地下水活动对岩溶塌陷影响。综合认为,地层岩性、覆盖层性质、构造因素是枣庄岩溶塌陷频繁发生的内因,而超量开采地下水则是外部诱发因素。  相似文献   

山东泰安岩溶水系统地下水化学环境演化   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9  

马振民  刘立才  陈鸿汉  沈照理 《现代地质》2002,16(4):423-428

随着地表环境质量的降低以及岩溶地下水的过量开采 ,泰安市岩溶水化学环境在总体上呈现出显著退化的演化规律。自 6 0年代初以来 ,泰安市城区及旧县岩溶水的常规组分、NO-3 浓度、硬度及TDS的浓度呈现不断升高的变化趋势 ,并检出有Cr6+ 、CN-、酚等人为环境物质。水位降落漏斗区与非漏斗区、岩溶塌陷区与非岩溶塌陷区的岩溶水化学组分浓度的对比结果表明 :由于岩溶水的超量开采引起地下水动力场的改变和岩溶塌陷是控制和影响岩溶水化学环境演化的主要因素。人类活动在时间及空间尺度上与岩溶水化学环境的快速退化亦有密切的关系。  相似文献   

煤矿采空区钻孔注浆治理工艺   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

任红旗 《中国煤田地质》2001,13(2):102-103

钻孔注浆充填固结处理煤矿采空区塌陷是一种经济快捷的有效方法，本文就其施工工艺方法进行了简单分析，期望能为其它类似工程提供参考。  相似文献   

Karst Collapse Mechanism and Criterion for Its Stability     

HE Keqiang  Department of Civil Engineering  Qingdao Institute of Architecture & Engineering  Qingdao  Shandong  ChinaLIU ChangliInstitute of Hydrogeology  Engineering Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Zhengding  Hebei  Chinaand WANG Sijing Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing  China 《《地质学报》英文版》2001,75(3):330-335

Karst collapse, caused by natural or artificial abstraction of groundwater, has been a focus of environmentalgeological problems for its ever-increasing hazardousness. The potential erosion theory and vacuum suction erosion theory, which reveal the origin of karst collapse macroscopically, are popularly accepted. However, a mathematic prediction criterion for karst collapse cannot be established only by these two theories. From a new perspective, this paper attempts to explain the microcosmic mechanism of karst collapse on the basis of these two theories. When the shear stress surpasses the shear strength of soil, a certain point or a certain plane in the unconsolidated soil covering karst caves will fail under the mechanical effects of water and air as well as its load-pressure, and with the increase of damaged points, a breaking plane appears and the soil on karst caves is completely damaged; as a result, the karst ground collapses. On the basis of the Mohr-Coulomb failure theory and previous studies,  相似文献   

The Llullaillaco volcano, northwest Argentina: construction by Pleistocene volcanism and destruction by sector collapse     

J. P. Richards  M. Villeneuve 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2001,105(1-2)

Llullaillaco is one of a chain of Quaternary stratovolcanoes that defines the present Andean Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), and marks the border between Chile and Argentina/Bolivia. The current edifice is constructed from a series of thick dacitic lava flows, forming the second tallest active volcano in the world (6739 m). K–Ar and new biotite laser ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar step-heating dates indicate that the volcano was constructed during the Pleistocene (≤1.5 Ma), with a youngest date of 0.048±0.012 Ma being recorded for a fresh dacite flow that descends the southern flank. Additional ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar measurements for andesitic and dacitic lava flows from the surrounding volcanic terrain yield dates of between 11.94±0.13 Ma and 5.48±0.07 Ma, corresponding to an extended period of Miocene volcanism which defines much of the landscape in this region. Major- and trace-element compositions of lavas from Llullaillaco are typical of Miocene–Pleistocene volcanic rocks from the western margin of the CVZ, and are related to relatively shallow-dipping subduction of the Nazca plate beneath northern Chile and Argentina.Oversteepening of the edifice by stacking of thick, viscous, dacitic lava flows resulted in collapse of its southeastern flank to form a large volcanic debris avalanche. Biotite ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of lava blocks from the avalanche deposit indicate that collapse occurred at or after 0.15 Ma, and may have been triggered by extrusion of a dacitic flow similar to the one dated at 0.048±0.012 Ma. The avalanche deposits are exceptionally well preserved due to the arid climate, and prominent levées, longitudinal ridges, and megablocks up to 20-m diameter are observed.The avalanche descended 2.8 km vertically, and bifurcated around an older volcano, Cerro Rosado, before debouching onto the salt flats of Salina de Llullaillaco. The north and south limbs of the avalanche traveled 25 and 23 km, respectively, and together cover an area of approximately 165 km². Estimates of deposit volume are hampered by a lack of thickness information except at the edges, but it is likely to be between 1 and 2 km³. Equivalent coefficients of friction of 0.11 and 0.12, and excess travel distances of 20.5 and 18.5 km, are calculated for the north and south limbs, respectively. The avalanche ascended 400 m where it broke against the western flank of Cerro Rosado, and a minimum flow velocity of 90 m s⁻¹ can be calculated at this point; lower velocities of 45 m s⁻¹ are calculated where distal toes ascend 200 m slopes.It is suggested that the remaining precipitous edifice has a high probability for further avalanche collapse in the event of renewed volcanism.  相似文献