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In lake sediments where terrestrial macrofossils are rare or absent, AMS radiocarbon dating of pollen concentrates may represent an important alternative solution for developing a robust and high resolution chronology suitable for Bayesian modelling of age-depth relationships. Here we report an application of the heavy liquid density separation approach (Vandergoes and Prior, Radiocarbon 45:479–492, 2003) to Holocene lake sediments from karstic Lake Sidi Ali, Morocco. In common with many karstic lakes, a significant lake 14C reservoir effect of 450–900 yr is apparent, evidenced by paired dates on terrestrial macrofossils and either aquatic (ostracod) or bulk sediment samples. AMS dating of 23 pollen concentrates alongside laboratory standards (bituminous coal, anthracite, IAEA C5 wood) was undertaken. Concentrates were prepared using a series of sodium polytungstate (SPT) solutions of progressively decreasing density (1.9–1.15 g/cm3) accompanied by microscopic analysis of the resulting residues to allow quantification of the terrestrial pollen content. The best fractions (typically precipitating at 1.4–1.2 g/cm3) yielded dateable samples of 0.5–5 mg (from sediment samples of ∼15 g), with C content typically ∼50% by weight. Terrestrial pollen purity ranges from 29% to 88% (μ = 67%), reflecting the challenge of isolating pollen grains from common aquatic algae, e.g. Pediastrum and Botryococcus. A Poisson-process Bayesian depositional model incorporating radiocarbon (pollen and macrofossil) and 210Pb/137Cs data is employed. As all pollen samples incorporate some non-terrestrial organic matter, we assume an exponential outlier distribution treating each pollen concentrate datum as an old outlier and terminus post quem. This approach yields strong data-model agreement, and differences between the prior and posterior age distributions are furthermore consistent with theoretical offsets anticipated for the known reservoir ages and sample-specific terrestrial content. This application of the pollen concentrate dating approach reinforces the importance of microscopic inspection of the residues during the separation and sieving stages. Sample specific differences mean that the pollen concentrate preparation cannot be reduced to a simplistic “black box” protocol, and dating and subsequent age-model development must be supported by detailed analysis of the microfossil content of the sediments. 相似文献
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铀矿浓缩物的溯源研究在核法证学中具有重要地位,通过测量其中的铅、锶同位素丰度比能为溯源提供部分地理指示信息。对铀矿浓缩物中铅、锶同位素的精准测量主要受制于大量铀与微量铅、锶的分离、富集。本文利用Eichrom Sr树脂对铅、锶的特效吸附性,通过正交试验对影响铅、锶回收率的主要因素(淋洗酸度、流速、体积)进行了优化,确定了最佳淋洗条件;进而利用UTEVA树脂对铀的特效吸附性,与Eichrom Sr树脂联用,实现了铀矿浓缩物中大量铀与微量铅、锶的分离,有效降低了因铅、锶洗脱液中铀含量过高而引起的基体效应。实验结果表明:铅、锶回收率均 90%,铅、锶洗脱液中的铀含量低于500ng,优于文献报道值(48. 8μg)。利用该方法对实际铀矿浓缩物样品进行测量,分析结果显示铅、锶同位素丰度比可以作为铀矿浓缩物的地理溯源判据,为今后建立铀矿浓缩物中铅、锶同位素数据库提供技术支持。 相似文献
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Rewi M. Newnham Marcus J. Vandergoes Mark H. Garnett David J. Lowe Christine Prior Peter C. Almond 《第四纪科学杂志》2007,22(1):37-51
Previous attempts to radiocarbon date sediments >10 kyr from the high rainfall region of Westland, New Zealand, a critical location for investigation of interhemispheric patterns of climate change, have been problematic. This study, building on recent work by Vandergoes and Prior ( 2003 ), shows that AMS 14C dating of pollen concentrates has potential to provide more reliable ages than other sediment constituents, including plant macrofossils. The method was applied to sediments from three sites containing the 22.6k 14C yr Kawakawa Tephra, which provided an independent test of the 14C ages. Although some minor laboratory contamination was detected in tests on background standards, the modelled relationship between sample mass and measured 14C content permitted an appropriate correction to be determined. Improved pollen concentrations derived by density separation between 1.4 and 1.2 specific gravity and sieving in the range 10–50 μm provided either older ages than other fractions of the same sample or, where in situ contamination was not evident, equivalent ages. Differences in degree of in situ contamination between depositional environments indicated that, in Westland, lake sites may be less susceptible to contamination by younger carbon than peat sites, where this process may be facilitated by root penetration into underlying sediments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定包头稀土矿中的稀土总量 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
包头矿中的稀土总量根据提取稀土的工艺流程,含量范围为0.0x%~0.x%。对于高含量稀土总量（20%~80%）的测定,国家标准采用草酸盐重量法,但该方法分离干扰元素的步骤多,流程长。应用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法不需复杂的分离步骤即可测定稀土元素,但由于受到精密度的限制,测定高含量稀土总量的波动范围较大,不易得到准确结果。本文针对包头稀土矿组成复杂、酸溶难于分解的情况,建立了应用碱熔处理样品,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）测定稀土总量的方法。用氢氧化钠、过氧化钠溶解样品,水提取熔融物,各种元素以离子或氢氧化物形式进入溶液,过滤除去铝、硅、磷等杂质元素及大量的钠盐,减小了基体元素及共存元素的干扰;以钪为内标校正仪器波动及基体效应的影响,无需基体匹配即可测定稀土总量。对于稀土总量在30%~50%的样品,相对标准偏差小于0.7%,对于稀土总量在2%的样品,相对标准偏差小于1.2%;各稀土元素回收率为98.0%~103.3%。本方法比国家标准方法简便,与文献中应用ICP-AES测定高含量稀土总量的方法相比精密度有很大改善,可快速准确地测定包头稀土矿中2%~50%的稀土总量。 相似文献