基于可视化遥感的地震大区域灾情收集系统          下载免费PDF全文

李建  韩立 《地震工程学报》2019,41(2):520-525,538

地震现场与一般灾害现场不同,其受灾区域较大,常规的基于遥感信息进行灾情收集时,采集信息零散混乱无法形成可视化直观分析结果。为解决该问题,设计基于可视化遥感技术的地震大区域灾情收集系统,利用遥感信息采集大区域的优势,配合设计网络通信层、数据收集层、数据库层、GIS遥感平台层和应用层组成的系统硬件,采用GIS三维重构技术,对灾情进行可视化呈现。实验结果说明,系统最长响应时间为1.857 s,最大CPU占用率和消耗分别是80.8%和1 656 MB,信息可视化重现程度高。  相似文献   

基于BIM的地震灾后民用建筑重建工程施工成本控制方法          下载免费PDF全文

王雁 《地震工程学报》2019,41(1):233-238

采用传统的成本控制方法,存在质量和成本无法同时优化、成本预测精确度低,成本控制效果不佳等问题,为此,提出基于BIM的建筑重建工程施工成本控制方法。采用灰色系统理论预测建筑施工成本具体面临的问题,以各期施工成本相关信息数据作为模型数据基础;结合BIM技术进行成本控制动态模型构建,在模型中引入可辨识矩阵设定成本各指标的相对重要度,进一步找寻施工成本各项指标间的关系,按其相互关系进行排序,得到子成本与总成本间的规则联系,并就规则制定控制策略,调整成本控制动态模型以实现施工成本的动态控制。实验结果表明,所提方法的成本预测精度始终在75%以上,成本控制结果与实际值的拟合度高达95%,相比当前方法具有更好的控制性能。  相似文献   

高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工安全管理定量化控制模型研究          下载免费PDF全文

张新梁  杨顺生  孟昊杰 《地震工程学报》2019,41(4):1072-1078

为了确保震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复工程的安全性,提出一种高层建筑震后坍塌墙体修复施工安全管理方法。结合主成分分析法与信息熵法对震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工管理的控制特征量进行提取,确定模型评价指标权重;根据加权学习法对坍塌墙体修复的施工进行量化控制;通过灰阶量化评估进行约束参量分析,构建安全管理控制模型;采用管理因素模糊调度算法实现施工安全管理控制,并完成优化决策。通过仿真实验验证坍塌墙体修复施工管理控制的管理效益与累积评价百分率。分析结果表明,采用该方法进行震后高层建筑坍塌墙体修复施工管理控制的管理效益最高可达83.32%,累积管理效果回报率较高,累积评价百分率平均约为75%,能够有效提高施工过程的安全管理效能,确保施工安全。  相似文献   

火山岩型铀矿床成矿构造控制特征--以俄罗斯Streltsovka火山岩型铀矿床与中国相山火山岩型铀矿床为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘雷  胡瑞忠  商朋强  杨社锋  张国全 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2005,24(4):363-368

本文通过对俄罗斯Streltsovka火山岩型铀矿床和中国相山火山岩型铀矿床的对比研究,发现两矿床具有相似的成矿构造控制特征：走滑挤压至拉张伸展的构造转化是矿床形成的有利构造机制;盆地格网状断裂构造对铀的成矿起着导矿、控矿和容矿的作用;多次构造叠加形成的独特的盆地二元结构是成矿的有利因素.根据对这些构造控制特征的分析,提出了火山岩型铀矿床找矿勘探的几点建议.  相似文献   

Clean quartz matters for cosmogenic nuclide analyses: An exploration of the importance of sample purity using the CRONUS-N reference material     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

Reference materials are key for assessing inter-laboratory variability and measurement quality, and for placing analytical uncertainty bounds on sample analyses. Here, we investigate four years of data resulting from repeated processing of the CRONUS-N reference material for cosmogenic ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al analyses. At University of Vermont, we prepared a CRONUS-N aliquot with most of our sample batches from 2013 to 2017; these reference material samples were then distributed to four different accelerator mass spectrometry facilities, yielding 73 ¹⁰Be analyses and 58 ²⁶Al analyses. We determine CRONUS-N ¹⁰Be concentrations of (2.26 ± 0.14) x 10⁵ atoms g⁻¹ (n = 73, mean, 1 SD) and ²⁶Al concentrations of (1.00 ± 0.08) x 10⁶ atoms g⁻¹ (n = 58, mean, 1 SD). We find a reproducibility of 6.3% for ¹⁰Be and 7.7% for ²⁶Al (relative standard deviations). We also document highly variable ²⁷Al and Mg concentrations and a ¹⁰Be dispersion twice as large as the mean AMS analytic uncertainty. Analyses of the CRONUS-N material with and without density separation demonstrate that non-quartz minerals are present in the material and have a large impact on measured concentrations of ²⁷Al, ¹⁰Be, and impurities; these non-quartz minerals represent only a very small portion of the total mass (0.6–0.8%) but have a disproportionally large effect on the resulting data. Our results highlight the importance of completely removing all non-quartz mineral phases from samples prior to Be/Al extraction for the determination of in situ cosmogenic ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al concentrations.  相似文献   

我国水库渔业对水质的影响及其生态控制对策   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

胡传林  万成炎  丁庆秋  潘磊  吴生桂  高少波 《湖泊科学》2010,22(2):161-168

我国水库资源丰富,水质优良,是极佳的淡水养殖水体;实施科学合理的渔业可降低水库氮磷营养负荷,是合理利用水面和生物资源的需要.我国水库渔业自1950年代起步,1979年后快速发展,水库养殖面积迅速扩大、养殖产量显著增加、养殖品种多样化,先后发展形成6种不同的渔业模式.由于片面追求水库渔业的产量,大量施肥和投饵带来过量外源氮、磷等营养元素导致水库水体的富营养化,水质下降,有的水库甚至暴发了蓝藻水华.针对库区水质保护的要求,数项生态控制对策被提出以降低水库渔业对水质的负面影响.  相似文献   

太湖流域防洪工程建设及减灾对策   总被引：14，自引：5，他引：9  

林泽新 《湖泊科学》2002,14(1):12-18

太湖流域是我国经济最发达的地区之一,近代几次大的洪涝灾害及其损失表明洪涝灾害是本区最主要的自然灾害。本文分析了近年来太湖流域水利工程建设的格局及其在防洪除涝过程中的作用,在总结以往治水的基础上,介绍了新形势下防洪水利工程和建设思路,提出流域减灾目标和应采取的减灾对策。  相似文献   

Developing an intermediate-complexity projection model for China's fisheries: A case study of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) in the Haizhou Bay,China     

Ming Sun  Yunzhou Li  Yiping Ren  Yong Chen 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(8):108-118

Projection models are commonly used to evaluate the impacts of fishing. However, previously developed projection tools were not suitable for China's fisheries as they are either overly complex and data-demanding or too simple to reflect the realistic management measures. Herein, an intermediate-complexity projection model was developed that could adequately describe fish population dynamics and account for management measures including mesh size limits, summer closure, and spatial closure. A two-patch operating model was outlined for the projection model and applied to the heavily depleted but commercially important small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis) fishery in the Haizhou Bay, China, as a case study. The model was calibrated to realistically capture the fisheries dynamics with hindcasting. Three simulation scenarios featuring different fishing intensities based on status quo and maximum sustainable yield(MSY) were proposed and evaluated with projections. Stochastic projections were additionally performed to investigate the influence of uncertainty associated with recruitment strengths and the implementation of control targets. It was found that fishing at FMSY level could effectively rebuild the depleted stock biomass, while the stock collapsed rapidly in the status quo scenario. Uncertainty in recruitment and implementation could result in variabilities in management effects; but they did not much alter the management effects of the FMSY scenario. These results indicate that the lack of science-based control targets in fishing mortality or catch limits has hindered the achievement of sustainable fisheries in China. Overall, the presented work highlights that the developed projection model can promote the understanding of the possible consequences of fishing under uncertainty and is applicable to other fisheries in China.  相似文献   

水位变化对河流、湖泊湿地植被的影响   总被引：12，自引：6，他引：6  

姚鑫  杨桂山  万荣荣  王晓龙 《湖泊科学》2014,26(6):813-821

水位是湿地生态水文过程的关键因素之一,其改变将影响湿地植被覆盖度和物种组成,最终产生群落演替.从水位梯度,水位波动和人工控湖、控河工程3方面论述水位变化对湿地植被的影响:由于对水位选择的不同及彼此竞争力的差异,湿地植物种沿水位具有梯度分布现象,同时形态可塑性能对其分布范围产生一定影响;水位波动的频率和淹没持续时间对于植被演替具有基础性的作用,水位波动幅度的影响则相对较小,周期性波动能维持以草本植物为主的湿地植被的物种多样性和稳定性,非周期性波动以洪水、干旱为主,易促进湿地植被向固定的水生或陆生方向演替;人工控湖、控河的影响在机理上并无特殊之处,但保证物种多样性和生态系统稳定性的各种缓解措施具有较高的参考价值.基于机理的量化模型,自然、人为因素驱动下水位变化对湿地植被影响的差别研究,模拟水位波动实验以及人工控湖、控河工程的跟踪观测将是今后该领域研究的热点.  相似文献   

Identification of modal parameters of a 600-m-high skyscraper from field vibration tests     

Junwei Zhang  Qiusheng Li 《地震工程与结构动力学》2019,48(15):1678-1698

Accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of a high-rise building subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquake and wind excitations requires the information of its structural dynamic properties such as modal parameters including natural frequencies and damping ratios. This paper presents the identification results of the modal parameters based on field vibration tests on a 600-m high skyscraper. A set of tests, including ambient vibration test (AVT) and free vibration test (FVT), were conducted on the skyscraper to identify its modal parameters. Firstly, this paper presents and discusses the modal parameters of the skyscraper assessed by several identification methods applied to the AVT measurements. These methods include the wavelet transform (WT) method, the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method, and the random decrement technique (RDT). Secondly, an active mass damper (AMD) system with total mass 1000 tons equipped into the skyscraper was used to excite the building for estimation of the modal parameters by FVT. Thirdly, this paper presents observations on the structural dynamic behavior of the skyscraper with the operation of the AMD system during a typhoon event. The field measurement results show that the AMD system functioned efficiently for suppression of the wind-induced vibrations of the skyscraper during the typhoon. This paper aims to further understand the structural dynamic properties of super-tall buildings and provide useful information for structural design and vibration control of future skyscrapers.  相似文献