褶皱相关断裂构造形成条件与发育机制:燕山中部露头尺度变形研究为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

邓洪旦  张长厚  邓洪菱  欧阳嘉穗 《地学前缘》2012,19(5):61-75

总结了褶皱相关断裂发育机制的3个构造几何学模型:同心圆褶皱模型、膝折带褶皱模型和弯流褶皱模型。基于燕山中部中、新元古界地层中发育的5个露头尺度褶皱及其中、小型断裂构造的实例剖析,探讨了收缩变形过程中褶皱与断裂构造发育时序与褶皱相关断裂构造的产生机制。研究指出,规模与所在褶皱构造相当或略小的断裂构造当中,既有形成时间早于褶皱变形的断层,也有在褶皱变形过程中调节褶皱不同部位应变差异的褶皱相关断裂构造,而且卷入后期变形的早期断裂可能成为制约褶皱成核位置的影响因素,以及成为枢纽叠覆楔构造的形成方式之一。断层位移-距离曲线特征和断层与褶皱变形几何学、运动学关系分析,可用来判断断层、褶皱变形发生相对时序。认为影响褶皱相关断裂构造发育的机制主要有3种:(1)纵弯滑褶皱作用中,翼部顺层滑动受到限制而无法持续时,将通过断层向上切层的方式予以调节,从而形成翼部或转折端揳入逆冲断裂以及背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲断层;(2)各种因素导致的褶皱曲率变化是褶皱相关断裂产生的重要机制之一,褶皱曲率变化可由褶皱轴面的合并和新生直观反映,轴面合并引起褶皱曲率变化的层位,可能是诱发褶皱相关断裂,如背离向斜和指向背斜逆冲构造开始产生的重要部位;(3)能干性差异和强硬层之间距离较大的岩层组合发生纵弯褶皱变形时,软弱岩系在褶皱核部的聚集和逃逸,是迫使递进收缩的强硬层产生褶皱相关断裂构造的重要机制。  相似文献   

明渠弯道水流平均运动规律试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈启刚  钟强  李丹勋  王兴奎 《水科学进展》2012,23(3):369-375

利用高频粒子图像测速PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry)系统对明渠弯道水流进行了测量,在两种不同试验方式的配合下,不仅提供了大量高精度的平面二维流场数据,还成功重构了弯道水流的三维平均流速场,为深入研究弯道水流复杂的时均流动结构提供了试验依据。试验结果表明,由于弯道曲率不连续,水流主流区在弯道入口位于凸岸附近,随后在离心力的作用下逐渐转移至凹岸,并一直维持至弯道出口;凹岸顶托及环流运动导致不同横向位置处的纵向流速剖面近床面区域速度梯度及最大流速的位置沿程发生改变;弯道曲率越大,最大水深平均纵向流速转移至靠近凹岸一侧的位置离弯道入口越远;受上游直段二次流的影响,环流运动在弯道入口断面呈三涡结构,随后快速衰减为双涡结构;弯道主环流的强度沿程先增加后减小,涡核位置沿程往复摆动。  相似文献   

钢筋混凝土梁正截面率相关特性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

肖诗云  许东 《地震学刊》2012,(2):152-157

根据混凝土单轴动力特性试验,对规范给出的混凝土应力—应变关系表达式进行了修正,引入了应变率的影响,并利用修正的表达式对钢筋混凝土梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率进行了数值分析。分析考虑2种情况：①只考虑混凝土的动态特性;②既考虑混凝土的动态特性,也考虑钢筋的动态特性。结果表明,对于适筋梁,混凝土的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率的影响很小,但是钢筋的动态特性的影响比较大;而对于超筋梁,混凝土的动态特性和钢筋的动态特性对梁的开裂弯矩、开裂曲率、极限弯矩和极限曲率都有显著影响。  相似文献   

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杨荣华  花向红  游扬声 《大地测量与地球动力学》2013,33(3):141-143

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系统偏差拟合法在多源导航电子地图融合中的应用     

许琳琳  吕志平  陈正生  于亮 《海洋测绘》2012,(1):28-31

提出采用基于最小曲率模型的格网坐标转换来拟合多源地图系统偏差的方法,并通过实验计算进行了验证与精度分析,结果表明,系统偏差拟合法具有区域精细拟合的优势。  相似文献   

Terrain maps displaying hill-shading with curvature   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Patrick J. Kennelly   《Geomorphology》2008,102(3-4):567-577

Many types of maps can be created by neighborhood operations on a continuous surface such as provided by a digital elevation model. These most commonly include first derivatives slope or aspect, and second derivatives planimetric or profile curvature. Such variables are often used in geomorphic analyses of terrain. First derivatives also provide subtle enhancements to hill-shaded maps. For example, some maps combine oblique and vertical illumination, with the latter reflecting variations in slope.This study illustrates how second derivative maps, in conjunction with hill-shading, can cartographically enhance topographic detail. A simple conic model indicates that image-tone edges where slope or aspect varies by less than 0.5° are visible on curvature maps. Hill-shaded images combined with curvature enhance the continuity of naturally occurring tonal edges, especially in strongly illuminated areas. Variations in planimetric and profile curvature seem to be especially effective at highlighting convergent and divergent drainages and variations in erosion rate between or within sedimentary units, respectively. Shading curvature with consideration given to illumination models can add detail to hill-shaded terrain maps in a manner similar to cognitive models employed by map viewers.  相似文献   

Suitability of LiDAR point density and derived landform curvature maps for channel network extraction   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francesco Pirotti  Paolo Tarolli 《水文研究》2010,24(9):1187-1197

This study uses landform curvature as an approach for channel network extraction. We considered a study area located in the eastern Italian Alps where a high‐quality set of LiDAR data was available and where channel heads and related channel network were mapped in the field. In the analysis, we derived 1‐m DTMs from different ground LiDAR point densities, and we used different smoothing factors for the landscape curvature calculation in order to test the suitability of the LiDAR point density and the derived curvature maps for the recognition of channel network. This methodology is based on threshold values of the curvature calculated as multiples (1–3 times) of the standard deviation of the curvature. Our analyses suggested that (i) the window size for curvature calculations has to be a function of the size of the features to be detected, (ii) a coarse ground LiDAR point density could be as useful as a finer one for the recognition of main channel network features and (iii) rougher curvature maps are not optimal as they do not explore a sufficient range at which features occur, while smoother curvature maps overcome this problem and are more appropriate for the extraction of surveyed channels. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

不同模型下地震位错理论的对比 及其应用进展综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王启欣  江在森  武艳强  熊小慧 《地震学报》2015,37(4):690-1393

对半空间和球位错理论在理论和应用研究方面的进展进行了综合评述, 讨论了地震位错理论在海啸方面的相关研究进展和位错理论与粒子群算法结合在断层反演方面的研究进展, 对比分析了不同位错模型的优缺点, 总结了位错模型在应用中的影响因素. 本文认为不同位错理论的应用受地球分层的影响最大, 其次是重力、 曲率的影响, 而受地形、 震源深度及断层倾角等因素的影响则较小, 在实际应用中应予以综合考虑.   相似文献   

Curvature of Flexibility Matrix for Damage Identification in Legs of Jacket Platforms     

陈立  马骏  赵德有  邬君 《中国海洋工程》2008,22(4):547-559

In this paper a new nondestructive damage identification method is introduced. The method based on flexibility matrix can be used to detect and locate structm＇al damage and evaluate the severity of damage in legs of jacket platforms by modal parameters of a structure. With the modal data for only the few lower modes in both the intact and damaged states, the one-dimensional and two-dimensional distributed curvatures can be used to analyze damage location and the severity. Instead of directly comparing the curvatures before and ＇after damage, the method here uses modal parameters only in the damaged structure to detect the damage and it consists of three parts. First, ilexibility matrix is obtained by use of the absolute maximum in each column. Second, because the legs of jacket platforms are the pipe-like structure, the circumferential flexibility curvature matrix is obtained by use of the circular curvature. At last, equivalent curvature ratio is defined and the curve meaning equivalent curvature ratio and the severity of damage relationship for one element is given through the data of damage severity from ten percent to ninety percent by numerical simulation. Many existing damage detection methods need two steps, locate the damage firstly and evaluate the severity of the damage. However, the method present- ed! in this paper can locate and then evaluate the severity of damage at the same time. The numerical analysis results in- dicate that the present method is effective, useful and only need the first and the second mode data of the structure.  相似文献   

用弹性平板代替球壳计算板块弯曲形变的误差分析          下载免费PDF全文

武红岭  王仁 《地球物理学报》1998,41(Z1):236-243

在岩石圈板块弯曲问题的研究中常常忽略地壳曲率,用平板代替球壳计算．本文从弹性扁球壳和薄板形变的基本方程入手,通过对典型问题的解析解,推导出作简化处理所引起误差的表达式,着重分析了区域的几何尺度和地基模量对误差的影响．研究表明,用弹性平板模型取代球壳模型计算板块弯曲形变会引起较大的误差．但如果采用具有适当地基模量的弹性基础板,不但更符合地学实际,且能有效地改善误差状况,获得与用肩球壳计算弯曲问题接近的效果．  相似文献