PAC改性粘土处理蓝藻水华对水环境的影响     

周庆  杨小杰  韩士群 《湖泊科学》2017,29(2):343-350

利用改性粘土治理蓝藻水华堆积的湖泊近岸区域以及发生水华的养殖水体成为应急治理蓝藻的重要措施,然而负载有毒藻体的改性粘土沉积水体可能引发的安全性风险尚缺乏研究.选取PAC改性粘土作为研究对象,通过模拟实验,研究改性粘土处理蓝藻水华后沉积水体对负载的藻细胞结构、水体营养盐与藻毒素的释放与削减以及对其他水体功能性细菌(硝化、反硝化细菌)的影响.结果表明,PAC改性粘土的施用对低水华水体蓝藻细胞的去除率为96.04%±0.99%,高水华水体与低水华水体施用的去除率之间差异不显著,PAC改性粘土的施用能够在较长的时间内有效地控制水体中的蓝藻浓度.透射电镜结果表明,PAC改性粘土沉降蓝藻第4 d后,蓝藻细胞膜出现了一定程度的不完整,细胞内规则的类囊体片层结构出现了实质性损伤.随着粘土负载蓝藻细胞的损伤,水体中的总可溶性氮浓度迅速上升,但总可溶性磷浓度仍可在较长一段时间内维持在较低水平.PAC改性粘土施用后,水体的总细菌数与空白对照组趋于一致,但硝化、反硝化细菌数却呈显著下降趋势.PAC改性粘土施用下的藻毒素释放风险主要集中在高水华水体.高水华水体中,PAC改性粘土施用导致藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR加速释放,其最高峰值分别达到空白对照组的1.69±0.09和2.04±0.09倍,但水体MC-LR浓度达到安全限(1μg/L)的时间明显比空白对照组早8 d.此外,PAC改性粘土的施用并没有导致水体中Al~(3+)和Cl~-浓度超标.  相似文献   

太湖、巢湖、滇池水华与相关气象、水质因子及其响应的比较(1981-2015年)   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  

王菁晗  何吕奇姝  杨成  刀国华  杜劲松  韩亚平  吴光学  吴乾元  胡洪营 《湖泊科学》2018,30(4):897-906

比较了太湖、巢湖、滇池（"三湖"）1981-2010年间的气象要素,1987-2015年间的水质要素,2000-2013年间的年内水华起始日期与持续时间,以及与水华相关的已有研究情况.其中,气象要素包括气温、日温差、风速、风向、气压、降水、相对湿度等;水质要素包括水温、总氮浓度、总磷浓度、水体综合营养指数等.对比结果表明,云贵高原湖泊滇池因其冬、春季节气温较高且日温差较大等气象特征,以及总磷浓度较高等水质特征,相比于东部平原湖泊太湖、巢湖而言更易发生水华,且在"三湖"中水华年内起始日期最早,持续时间最长.然而,目前有关滇池水华的研究相对于"三湖"中的太湖却远远不足.鉴于滇池所处湖区的独特气象、水质特征,平原水华湖泊的研究结果难以有针对性地指导其水华控制,亟需提高滇池水华研究的系统性与深度.只有因地制宜,方有希望逐步有效控制、减轻、乃至消除滇池水华.  相似文献   

江西柘林湖富营养化现状与藻类时空分布特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

戴国飞  刘慧丽  张伟  廖兵  钟家有  陈宏文 《湖泊科学》2015,27(2):275-281

江西柘林湖是首批入围国家良好湖泊保护专项的示范湖泊.为揭示柘林湖富营养化现状与藻类时空演替特征,于2012年8月至2013年7月对全湖及主要入湖支流进行了周年采样分析,结果表明:柘林湖主要营养盐在地表水Ⅲ类以内,处于中营养状态.全湖藻类演替以蓝藻-硅藻交替为主,夏季以鱼腥藻和微囊藻为优势种,冬季直链藻、小环藻和针杆藻占优.藻类空间分布呈现西部高于东部、上游高于下游的特征,西部部分湖区夏季甚至出现了鱼腥藻水华.柘林湖3个大型饮用水源地中东渡水源地夏季也同样面临蓝藻水华问题,但蓝藻毒素未超标.在重点监测的4条柘林湖主要入湖支流中,3条支流的藻类夏、冬季细胞丰度均在1×107cells/L以下,但烟港水的藻细胞丰度夏、冬季分别接近和超过该界限,应加以警惕并采取适当措施.枯水期水位变化、水体分层、较低的水体透明度和较长的滞留时间是影响柘林湖局部湖区蓝藻水华形成的关键因素.  相似文献   

低浓度硝态氮促进微囊藻累积多聚磷酸盐     

陈成  郑超群  王梦梦  杨顺清  杨柳燕 《湖泊科学》2022,34(3):766-776

2016年以来太湖总磷浓度高位波动而总氮浓度持续下降,藻细胞内源性磷释放是湖泊水体总磷的重要来源,而多聚磷酸盐作为藻细胞内磷的储存库,其含量变化会显著影响藻细胞内源性磷的释放量.针对上述现象,开展了不同硝态氮浓度影响野外水华蓝藻及实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)利用磷特别是合成多...  相似文献   

大连金州湾寒武系毛庄组微生物碳酸盐岩生物丘复合体   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

梅冥相  胡媛  孟庆芬 《地质学报》2020,94(2):375-395

寒武纪苗岭世早期的毛庄组沉积时期,华北地台围绕着西北部的古陆分布着两个沉积相带,靠近古陆的是局限潮坪相带,远离古陆的是开阔潮坪相带,前者以海侵体系域的干旱红层或海岸萨布哈沉积与高水位体系域的潮坪相白云岩沉积序列为特征,后者则以海侵体系域的潮坪相砂泥岩与开阔海台地相(潮下坪)灰岩沉积序列为特征;大连金州湾剖面的毛庄组,属于远离古陆的开阔潮坪相带的产物,在其高水位体系域中为一套夹有鲕粒灰岩的叠层石与均一石生物丘灰岩,组成一个特别的生物丘复合体。以下特征表明,这个微生物碳酸盐岩生物丘复合体代表着一个较为罕见的蓝细菌主导的微生物席形成的微生物碳酸盐岩的典型实例:①在生物丘复合体第一个单元的大型柱状和穹隆状砂泥质叠层石中发现孢网菌状组构,说明了这些叠层石属于蓝细菌微生物席的钙化作用产物;②在第二个单元均一石灰岩生物丘中,见到少量丝状蓝细菌鞘化石,表明均一石可能为较厚的蓝细菌微生物席的钙化作用产物;③在小型柱状叠层石组成的顶部单元中,保存较好的蓝细菌泥晶纹层、以及充填在叠层石柱体之间的基质中的蓝细菌团块,较为特征地说明了这些小型柱状叠层石是蓝细菌所主导的微生物席的建造物;④在鲕粒灰岩组成的第三个单元中,鲕粒边缘中的丝状蓝细菌鞘化石,表明了鲕粒的蓝细菌生物膜成因。因此,毛庄组生物丘复合体构成了一个壮观的沉积学现象,成为窥视"显生宙早期第一幕蓝细菌钙化作用事件"的典型实例。  相似文献   

Phosphorus input by upwelling in the eastern Gotland Basin (Baltic Sea) in summer and its effects on filamentous cyanobacteria     

Monika Nausch  Günther Nausch  Hans Ulrich Lass  Volker Mohrholz  Klaus Nagel  Herbert Siegel  Norbert Wasmund   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009,83(4):434-442

In July 2007, phosphorus input by an upwelling event along the east coast of Gotland Island and the response of filamentous cyanobacteria were studied to determine whether introduced phosphorus can intensify cyanobacterial bloom formation in the eastern Gotland Basin. Surface temperature, nutrient concentrations, phytoplankton biomass and its stoichiometry, as well as phosphate uptake rates were determined in two transects between the coasts of Gotland and Latvia and in a short grid offshore of Gotland. In the upwelling area, surface temperatures of 11–12 °C and average dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentrations of 0.26 μM were measured. Outside the upwelling, surface temperatures were higher (15.5–16.6 °C) and DIP supplies in the upper 10 m layer were exhausted. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations (0.01–0.22 μM) were very low within and outside the upwelling region. Abundances of filamentous cyanobacteria were highly reduced in the upwelling area, accounting for only 1.4–6.0% of the total phytoplankton biomass, in contrast to 18–20% outside the upwelling. The C:P ratio of filamentous cyanobacteria varied between 32.8 and 310 in the upwelling region, most likely due to the introduction of phosphorus-depleted organisms into the upwelling water. These organisms accumulate DIP in upwelling water and have lower C:P ratios as long as they remain in DIP-rich water. Thus, diazotrophic cyanobacteria benefit from phosphorus input directly in the upwelling region. Outside the upwelling region, the C:P ratios of filamentous cyanobacteria varied widely, between 240 and 463, whereas those of particulate material in the water ranged only between 96 and 224. To reduce their C:P ratio from 300 to 35, cyanobacteria in the upwelling region had to take up 0.05 mmol m⁻³ DIP, which is about 20% of the available DIP. Thus, a larger biomass of filamentous cyanobacteria may be able to benefit from a given DIP input. As determined from the DIP uptake rates measured in upwelling cells, the time needed to reduce the C:P ratio from 300 to 35 was too long to explain the huge bloom formations that typically occur in summer. However, phosphorus uptake rates increased significantly with increasing C:P ratios, allowing phosphorus accumulation within 4–5 days, a span of time suitable for bloom formation in July and August.  相似文献   

Phytoplankton-pigment signatures and their relationship to spring–summer stratification in the Gulf of Gabes     

M. Bel Hassen  A. Hamza  Z. Drira  A. Zouari  F. Akrout  S. Messaoudi  L. Aleya  H. Ayadi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

We investigated the phytoplankton dynamics (determined by CHEMTAX analysis of HPLC pigment data) and its relationships with nutrients and water column structure, during two oceanographic cruises in May–June and September 2006 in the Gulf of Gabes (south-eastern Mediterranean). The May–June cruise coincided with the beginning of the summer stratification, while a strong stratification occurred in September with a more than 30 m deepening of the thermocline, and a reduction of the euphotic depth. This strong stratification resulted in a shift in nitrogen sources from nitrates to ammonium as well as phosphate depletion (0.2 μM) and a decrease in silicate concentrations (<2 μM). With the exception of chlorophyll a, pigment concentrations were higher in September than in May–June samplings. The pico- and nanophytoplankton were the major contributors to phytoplankton total biomass, accounting for 90% and 87% of total chlorophyll a in May–June and September, respectively. Picoplankton persisted throughout the entire survey, occupying different depth layers. Chlorophytes were present at substantial amounts (average 23% of total chlorophyll a) during May–June; however, they declined in September (average 5%). Diatoms were overall poorly represented in this study (2% of total chlorophyll a), due probably to silicate shortage. Apparently, the nutrient availability, but also the water column stability seemed to be among the major factors determining phytoplankton dynamics. Indeed, cyanobacteria were prominent in surface samples during the period of strong stratification, whereas the relative contribution of chlorophytes decreased, probably due to low phosphate availability.  相似文献   

基于视频监控图像的环巢湖蓝藻实时动态监测     

马腾耀  肖鹏峰  张学良  段洪涛  邱银国 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):1840-1853

蓝藻的防控与治理是湖泊水环境、水生态管理的重要内容,实时获取蓝藻的空间分布信息对于降低蓝藻灾害风险具有重要意义.针对地面调查费时费力、卫星遥感监测粒度较粗且时效性不强等问题,本文提出了一种基于视频监控网络的湖泊蓝藻实时监测技术.基于环巢湖视频监控网络的33个功能摄像机,研究如何从视频图像中实时、准确提取蓝藻的分布信息.为克服不同摄像头的观测角度不一致、光照强度和背景条件不一致等诸多挑战,在视频图像蓝藻表征分析的基础上,通过多尺度深度网络进行图像粗粒度分类,区分蓝藻与浑浊、阴影水体;基于随机森林进行蓝藻精细化识别,克服蓝藻的强异质性.最后以渔政站沿岸水域的日均蓝藻覆盖率和月均蓝藻覆盖率为统计单位,开展了巢湖沿岸蓝藻的动态监测.研究成果可为科学制定蓝藻治理方案提供技术支撑.  相似文献   

Desert Potholes: Ephemeral Aquatic Microsystems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marjorie?A.?ChanEmail author  Katrina?Moser  Jim?M.?Davis  Gordon?Southam  Kebbi?Hughes  Tim?Graham 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2005,11(3):279-302

An enigma of the Colorado Plateau high desert is the “pothole”, which ranges from shallow ephemeral puddles to deeply carved pools. The existence of prokaryotic to eukaryotic organisms within these pools is largely controlled by the presence of collected rainwater. Multivariate statistical analysis of physical and chemical limnologic data variables measured from potholes indicates spatial and temporal variations, particularly in water depth, manganese, iron, nitrate and sulfate concentrations and salinity. Variation in water depth and salinity are likely related to the amount of time since the last precipitation, whereas the other variables may be related to redox potential. The spatial and temporal variations in water chemistry affect the distribution of organisms, which must adapt to daily and seasonal extremes of fluctuating temperature (0–60 °C), pH changes of as much as 5 units over 12 days, and desiccation. For example, many species become dormant when potholes dry, in order to endure intense heat, UV radiation, desiccation and freezing, only to flourish again upon rehydration. But the pothole organisms also have a profound impact on the potholes. Through photosynthesis and respiration, pothole organisms affect redox potential, and indirectly alter the water chemistry. Laboratory examination of dried biofilm from the potholes revealed that within 2 weeks of hydration, the surface of the desiccated, black biofilm became green from cyanobacterial growth, which supported significant growth in heterotrophic bacterial populations. This complex biofilm is persumably responsible for dissolving the cement between the sandstone grains, allowing the potholes to enlarge, and for sealing the potholes, enabling them to retain water longer than the surrounding sandstone. Despite the remarkable ability of life in potholes to persist, desert potholes may be extremely sensitive to anthropogenic effects. The unique limnology and ecology of Utah potholes holds great scientific value for understanding water–rock–biological interactions with possible applications to life on other planetary bodies.  相似文献   

利用陆基高光谱遥感捕捉太湖蓝藻水华日内快速变化过程   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张运林  张毅博  李娜  孙晓  王玮佳  秦伯强  朱广伟 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1951-1960

受蓝藻自身垂直迁移和频繁风浪扰动影响,太湖蓝藻水华漂浮混合和迁移堆积等变化迅速,在传统的湖面定位和断面监测中总感觉蓝藻水华有些"来无影、去无踪",限制了对其形成过程、驱动机制和防控治理的深入认识.卫星遥感可以实现蓝藻水华空间分布同步观测,但由于观测频次的限制很难捕捉蓝藻水华快速动态变化过程.本文利用与杭州海康威视数字技术股份有限公司联合自主研发的陆基（地基、岸基或者平台、船舶、桩基等能固定安装的均可）高光谱多参数水质遥感监测仪,架设于中国科学院太湖湖泊生态系统研究站（简称太湖站）水上观测场,通过对叶绿素a浓度及其他关键水质参数秒-分钟级的连续观测,有效捕捉了一天内蓝藻水华短期突然和快速变化过程.研究结果显示,在微风和小风条件下蓝藻容易在表层水体漂浮,盛行西北风驱动湖面开敞水域蓝藻水华快速漂浮集聚到太湖站岸边,短短半小时内表层水体叶绿素a浓度可以由10 μg/L快速攀升到100 μg/L以上,一天内会出现多个叶绿素a峰值,清晰展示了蓝藻快速日内动态变化过程.受蓝藻快速日内变化影响,透明度、总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数等水质参数也呈现出快速日内变化,叶绿素a浓度与透明度存在极显著负相关,与总氮、总磷和高锰酸盐指数存在极显著正相关,叶绿素a能解释总氮、总磷80%以上的变化,说明蓝藻短期内的漂浮和集聚深刻影响到湖泊水质.  相似文献