Sub-Lethal Effects of Elevated Concentration of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> on Planktonic Copepods and Sea Urchins   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Haruko Kurihara  Shinji Shimode  Yoshihisa Shirayama 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(4):743-750

Data concerning the effects of high CO₂ concentrations on marine organisms are essential for both predicting future impacts of the increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration and assessing the effects of deep-sea CO₂sequestration. Here we review our recent studies evaluating the effects of elevated CO₂ concentrations in seawater on the mortality and egg production of the marine planktonic copepod, Acartia steueri, and on the fertilization rate and larval morphology of sea urchin embryos, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and Echinometra mathaei. Under conditions of +10,000 ppm CO₂ in seawater (pH 6.8), the egg production rates of copepods decreased significantly. The survival rates of adult copepods were not affected when reared under increased CO₂ for 8 days, however longer exposure times could have revealed toxic effects of elevated CO₂ concentrations. The fertilization rate of sea urchin eggs of both species decreased with increasing CO₂ concentration. Furthermore, the size of pluteus larvae decreased with increasing CO₂ concentration and malformed skeletogenesis was observed in both larvae. This suggests that calcification is affected by elevated CO₂ in the seawater. From these results, we conclude that increased CO₂ concentration in seawater will chronically affect several marine organisms and we discuss the effects of increased CO₂ on the marine carbon cycle and marine ecosystem. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

An application of the annual egg production method to estimate the spawning biomass of cod (Gadus morhua L.), plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L.) and sole (Solea solea L.) in the Irish Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Armstrong  M. J.; Connolly  P.; Nash  R. D. M.; Pawson  M. G.; Alesworth  E.; Coulahan  P. J.; Dickey-Collas  M.; Milligan  S. P.; O'Neill  M. F.; Witthames  P. R.; Woolner  L. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2001,58(1):183-203

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厦门港中华哲水蚤卵型研究     

杨青  曹文清  林元烧  桂月  李少菁 《海洋学报》2007,29(5):117-122

对厦门港中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)的卵型进行观察和研究,获得主要结果如下:(1)厦门港中华哲水蚤仅存在一种基本卵型,属于无鞘卵,但卵表面具有透明、柔软的胞膜(blister),胞膜呈褶皱结构;(2)胞膜可因外力而脱落,但胚胎仍可以正常发育;(3)在实验室水温为16~22℃条件下,受精卵均可正常孵化与发育;(4)胞膜的厚度有一定的变化,它随着水温的升高有减小的趋势.卵型分析与孵化实验均证实:厦门港中华哲水蚤不存在休眠卵(dormant egg)或滞育卵(diapause egg).  相似文献   

Fecundity variation in Icelandic summer-spawning herring and implications for reproductive potential   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Oskarsson  Guthmundur J.; Taggart  Christopher T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2006,63(3):493-503

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几种动物精卵识别机制     

刘慧慧  李太武  苏秀榕 《海洋湖沼通报》2004,200(1):16-21

动物受精是指两性配子细胞相结合生成合子的过程,亲代通过受精将遗传物质传给子代,它是衔接亲代与子代的桥梁,保持了物种的延续.精卵识别是受精的起始步骤,是指配子细胞通过各自表面的受精蛋白--糖蛋白类物质的特异性相互作用识别并结合,完成受精过程.本文着重介绍目前研究比较清楚的小鼠、猪、海胆和鲍等的精卵识别机制,比较了哺乳动物和无脊椎动物之间的联系和差别,进一步说明不同动物通过各自性细胞表面的糖蛋白完成精卵识别过程,并由相应糖蛋白的不同组成和结构决定了该识别过程的特异性.  相似文献   

超远缘鱼类—斑马鱼和泥鳅—受精卵的激光融合   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张闻迪  赵白  姚纪花  邹建华  王秋 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1992,(3)

利用激光诱导方法对不同科鱼类,鲤科(Cyprinidae)的斑马鱼(Brachydanio Rerio)和鳅科(Cobitidae)的大鳞副泥鳅(Paramisgurnus dabryanus Sauvage)受精卵进行的融合实验结果表明:不同科间的鱼类受精卵可以融合并继续存活发育,有的可发育至初孵仔鱼。但是,其融合、发育表现出与亲缘关系较近的鱼卵的融合、发育有较大的差异。  相似文献   

卵生型鱼类卵子发育潜能评估研究进展     

赵艳飞  马爱军  王新安  孙志宾  温海深 《海洋科学》2016,40(8):157-167

鱼类卵子发育潜能(即卵子质量)是繁育工作所用卵子好坏的直接体现。雌性亲鱼性成熟过程中,卵巢内卵母细胞营养物质的积累及其正常减数分裂过程极易受外界环境影响,进而使亲鱼所产卵子可发育能力往往有较大波动,故提前预测亲鱼所产卵子的发育潜能,将对苗种繁育的风险防范及育苗产业健康发展带来积极影响。文章叙述了卵子及其成分特征,从卵子外形、卵质脂肪酸、氨基酸、蛋白、酶活等生化组成以及母源性RNA等角度对卵子质量研究现状做了概括,并对各自研究中存在的问题进行探讨。综上所述,从形态、脂肪酸、遗传物质等综合方面对卵质进行分析并建立其多元回归模型,将有助于找出影响卵质因素的关键信息;同时将卵质研究与家系构建相结合,后续跟踪、统计仔稚鱼至商品鱼这一生长阶段的生长参数,进行遗传评估,并最终确立具有最大经济效益的卵子参数,才是目前经济鱼类卵质标准研究需加强的方向。该研究将为今后卵生型鱼类卵子发育潜能预测方法研究提供科学依据,同时为鱼类繁育工作风险预判提供具实践性的方法资料。  相似文献   

天台盆地恐龙蛋化石结构和组分研究     

陈克樵  徐和聆 《岩矿测试》2000,19(1):45-50

采用扫描电镜、电子探针和Ｘ射线粉末衍射分析技术,研究了浙江天台盆地ＴＢ－１恐龙蛋化石的结构和组分。初步了解这个含似蛋白和蛋黄的恐龙蛋化石的结构和组分为;含铁钛的硅酸盐矿物售合体（蛋壳表层）、灰褐色方解石（蛋壳内层）、浅米黄色方解石（壳内矿物层）、白色石膏（腔内似蛋白矿物）和米黄色萤石（腔内似蛋黄矿物）。  相似文献   

河南西峡晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石壳碳同位素组成特征及其意义     

朱光有  钟建华 《地球化学》2000,29(5):475-479

利用显微镜和碳同位素分析法对自河南西峡盆地晚白垩世的１６枚恐龙蛋化石进行了研究。在显微镜下观察到恐龙蛋化石壳由原生碳酸盐矿物和次生碳酸盐矿物两部分组成。利用图像分析法得到了两者所占的比例分别为６０．５％和３９．５％。恐龙蛋内充填的次生碳酸盐矿物的δ＾１３Ｃ值在－５．６３‰￣－５．６８‰之间,平均为－５．６５‰。恐龙蛋化石壳的δ＾１３Ｃ同位素值在－５．８８‰￣－７．７９‰之间。经计算,获得了恐龙蛋壳  相似文献   

Comparative performances of eggs and embryos of sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) in toxicity bioassays used for assessment of marine sediment quality     

《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,71(1-2):204-209

The potential toxicity of sediments from various ports was assessed by means of two different liquid-phase toxicity bioassays (acute and chronic) with embryos and eggs of sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Performances of embryos and eggs of P. lividus in these bioassays were compared for their interchangeable applicability in integrated sediment quality assessment. The obtained endpoints (percentages of normally developed plutei and fertilized eggs) were linked to physical and chemical properties of sediments and demonstrated dependence on sediment contamination. The endpoints in the two bioassays were strongly correlated and generally exhibited similar tendency throughout the samples. Therein, embryos demonstrated higher sensitivity to elutriate exposure, compared to eggs. It was concluded that these tests could be used interchangeably for testing toxicity of marine sediments. Preferential use of any of the bioassays can be determined by the discriminatory capacity of the test or vulnerability consideration of the test subject to the surrounding conditions.  相似文献