Combining geophysical methods to estimate the spatial distribution of soils affected by water saturation     

Vincent Chaplot  Christian Walter  Pierre Curmi  Alain Hollier-Larousse  Henri Robain 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(6):553-560

Geophysical methods have already shown their interest for the continuous characterisation of soils over landscapes, rapidly and, non-intrusively. But in bottomland areas, difficulties are encountered in relating geophysical properties to soil spatial distribution due to large variations in the depth, texture and/or water content of soils. Indeed, respective variations of these parameters can result in ambiguous geophysical responses. For example, a decrease in soil water content, which causes an increase in electrical resistivity, may be offset by an increase in soil clay content, inducing a decrease in resistivity. The objective of this study was to improve the continuous characterisation of soils affected by an excess of water by using a combination of geophysical techniques. Three techniques, the radio-magnetotelluric (RMT), the ground penetrating radar (GPR) and the electrostatic quadrupole (ESQP) were implemented along eight representative transects where soils were extensively described. The soil cover shows a succession from downslope to upslope consisting in fibric Fluvisols, gleyic Fluvisols, and Albefluvisols. None of the geophysical methods allows us to distinguish all soil limits and to estimate the geometry of soil horizons. The ESQP discriminates Fluvisols from Albefluvisols, whereas the RMT above all reveals differences in soil material thickness, which do not permit to discriminate between these soils. In complement, the GPR allows the estimation of the geometry of organic horizons and anthropic structures, such as ditches. Finally, the combination of these three techniques allows us to assess the main features of soil spatial distribution in bottomlands. To cite this article: V. Chaplot et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).  相似文献   

Measurements of ^222Rn and ^220Rn with a Large Size Collector of Radon Progeny     

WuQifan JiaWenyi FangFang WangJun ChengJianping LiuGuilin ZhuLi 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2003,14(2):151-154

Radon concentrations in high background radiation areas in the south are higher than those of others in China, especially ^220Rn concentration is significantly high. Therefore, measurements of ^222Rn and ^220Rn concentrations should be carried out there. This paper introduces a large size collector of radon progeny and its applications. The collector is a sheet of polyvinyl chloride fiber with electrostatics of (-500 V)-(-700 V). Its size (60 mm in diameter) is larger than those of others (26 mm in diameter) that work with the same principle. The collector is more effective to adsorb radon progeny than most of others. The equipment of ZnS(Ag) Scintillation Counting System is available for large size collectors to detect radon progeny. Therefore, its sensitivity of measurement is higher than that of others. According to the different half lives of radon progeny, and based on both theory and experiments, a formula for discrimination and calculation of ^222Rn and ^220Rn concentrations is deduced. The ^222Rn and ^220Rn concentrations were surveyed with electrostatic collectors of radon progeny on the campus of commercial school and some other areas in Hainan, southern China. Neither ^222Rn nor ^220Rn concentration was found significantly high. However, several faults underground were delineated. The collector is also used to study radon transportation. Results indicate that radon changes regularly with date when it has transported for a certain distance. Velocities of radon migration in the four media are quite different. Radon migrates more quickly in vertical tube than in the horizontal tube.  相似文献   

Optimal placement of sensors on buildings subjected to intermediate‐storey excitation according to QN control method     

Liping Xing  Eizaburo Tachibana  Yutaka Inoue 《地震工程与结构动力学》2002,31(1):1-13

An algorithm to calculate direct velocity feedback gain with limited number of sensors is developed in a simple way such that a certain performance index is minimized according to QN control method. If a limited number of velocity outputs can be measured, full velocity responses of the whole structure can be interpolated based on the mode shapes. By defining the performance index function as a combination of the structure's velocity responses and control forces only, feedback gain can be determined according to QN control method with the external excitation being taken into account throughout the entire algorithm. Control forces are then regulated by the time‐invariant feedback gain matrix. The effective location of the active control devices for a building structure subjected to intermediate‐storey excitation has been determined to be in the three floors adjacent to the vibration source. Hence for the purpose of this paper, only the optimal placement of sensors is verified. It is shown in this paper that if the dynamic behaviour of the structure is well described by a mathematical model, sufficient response reduction effect can be achieved according to the new DVFC algorithm, and the degradation of control performance due to time delay can also be verified. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

陆地表层碳循环与温度反馈机制研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

周涛  仪垂祥  史培军  罗巾英 《地理研究》2002,21(1):45-53

在考虑人类活动及陆地表层碳循环各要素反馈关系的基础上 ,建立了陆地表层碳循环零维模型 ,对陆地表层碳循环与温度反馈机制进行了研究。零维模型研究碳在陆地表层生物、残落物、土壤有机质、大气中的流动 ,把人类活动及海洋对碳循环的影响作为一种外在强迫加以考虑。它较好地反映了 186 0年至 1997年人类活动对碳循环的影响及温度对碳循环的反馈关系 ,它模拟的大气CO2 含量的变化与实际观测值相近 ;模拟的地表年平均温度的变化趋势与实际观测值及同行的研究结果一致  相似文献   

敦煌绿洲边缘植物群落与土壤养分互馈关系     

赵鹏  屈建军  韩庆杰  徐先英  姜生秀  付贵全 《中国沙漠》2018,38(4):791-799

植物群落与土壤性状相互作用研究对于认识生态系统结构与功能有着重要的意义。通过对敦煌绿洲边缘典型植物群落21个样地（20m×20m）的植被和土壤系统取样调查,在分析植物群落及其土壤养分特征的基础上,采用CCA典范对应分析法研究了土壤养分对植物群落物种分布的影响。结果表明：调查区域植被群落共出现植物27种,隶属于15科,26属,以藜科（Chenopodiaceae）植物居多,占总物种数的29.6%。柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）群落的物种丰富度最大,胡杨（Populus euphratica）群落的物种丰富度最小。植被0~80 cm土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量排序为柽柳>黑果枸杞（Lycium ruthenicum） > 梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron） > 沙拐枣（Calligonum mongolicum）,全磷、全盐、速效氮含量排序为柽柳 > 黑果枸杞 > 沙拐枣 > 梭梭,全钾含量排序为黑果枸杞 > 柽柳 > 梭梭 > 沙拐枣,pH值排序为梭梭 > 沙拐枣 > 黑果枸杞 > 柽柳。不同植被覆盖各养分指标之间差异显著。随土层深度的增加,柽柳和黑果枸杞群落土壤全氮、有机质、全盐、速效氮、速效钾含量逐渐降低,表聚效应明显,土壤全磷、全钾、速效磷含量逐渐增大后减小,梭梭与沙拐枣养分层次特征不明显。4种植被群落土壤pH值随土层深度的增大呈波动的趋势。CCA排序结果表明植被群落物种分布的土壤环境调控因子重要性排序为全氮 > pH > 全钾,土壤全氮是植物群落物种分布的最重要调控因子。  相似文献   

地震现场灾情信息反馈途径和集成软件   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

莫善军  冯启民  贾靖 《世界地震工程》2005,21(4):126-132

在破坏性地震作用下,可导致人员伤亡、建筑物及基础设施破坏、财产损失、社会与经济秩序的混乱及生产系统停止运行等,现场灾情信息是地震现场应急指挥决策的重要依据,迅速、全面对这些信息进行采集与集成是非常重要的。分析了当前地震应急指挥技术系统建设中在该方面存在的一些问题,阐述了地震现场灾情信息分类,同时就其收集反馈途径和集成技术实现进行了研究,并以青岛市地震应急指挥决策软件系统为例,说明了该方法的实用性。  相似文献   

多次波问题的研究进展   总被引：33，自引：14，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

李鹏  刘伊克  常旭  金德刚  赵珊珊 《地球物理学进展》2006,21(3):888-897

综述了当前多次波问题的研究进展,指出了对多次波问题,有两种主要的处理思路：(1)因为后续偏移成像的需要,把多次波看成相干噪声,根据多次波特性设计衰减方法将其消除掉,将其称之为多次波衰减方法.多次波衰减方法大体上可以分为两类：基于信号分析的滤波方法和基于波动方程的预测相减法.预测相减法不需要或较少需要有关地下的先验或后验信息,能适应复杂地下构造.本文对预测相减法中的波场延拓法、反馈迭代法、逆散射级数法和恒定内插法等三种主要方法,进行了较详细的对比分析和介绍.(2)将多次波看成有效信号,对其成像,将其称之为多次波成像方法.这种方法提取了多次波中包含的地下界面信息,可改善地震资料的成像质量.  相似文献   

Feedback Scale因子对Burris型相对重力仪观测成果的影响     

赵云峰  隗寿春  徐云马  刘芳  祝意青  崔建中 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):747-750

对3台Burris型重力仪系统中的feedback scale因子对相对重力测量成果的影响进行测试分析和研究。结果表明, feedback scale因子值与Burris型重力仪读数线性相关,且线性系数与FBK改正值有关。若feedback scale因子值产生等比例的变化,FBK改正值越大,仪器读数的变化越大。在feedback scale因子值增加时,FBK改正值的正负符号决定仪器读数变化的方向。在重力值差仅有17 mGal的测段上测量时,3台Burris型重力仪基本相同的feedback scale因子变化量,得到的不同重力值差最大可相差0.140 mGal。当同一台仪器在FBK改正值分别为-14.7 mGal和2.2 mGal的2个测点进行测量时,若feedback scale因子值变化2%,测量所得重力值差的变化超过0.300 mGal。  相似文献   

三轴磁通门探头球型反馈线圈的设计方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

高嵩  汪莹莹  李志鹏  王绪本  曹彬  薛凯  窦悉丝 《地球物理学报》2019,62(10):3785-3793

长周期大地电磁测量要求三轴磁通门传感器具有低的噪声水平及高稳定性,根据实际需求设计一个尺寸合适的球型反馈线圈可以有效提高反馈磁场的均匀性,进而降低磁通门传感器的噪声水平.本文首先分析了非均匀反馈磁场引入磁通门噪声的机理,然后根据毕奥-萨伐尔定律和矢量叠加原理,以等间距多个单匝线圈构成单轴绕组的形式,建立了球型反馈线圈轴线上的轴向磁场分布及磁场均匀度数学模型,在给定磁场均匀度和球型反馈线圈直径的条件下,运用控制变量法确定了球型反馈线圈的单匝线圈数量和间距等关键结构参数.我们把设计的结构参数代入球型空间磁场分布数学模型,验证了本设计方法的正确性.最后,按照设计的结构参数制作了基于球型反馈线圈磁通门探头的三轴磁通门传感器,通过与体积相近的基于亥姆霍兹型反馈线圈磁通门探头的三轴磁通门传感器对比测试噪声水平,结果表明球型反馈线圈磁通门探头能够使得三轴磁通门传感器具有更稳定和较低的噪声水平.  相似文献   

力平衡反馈技术在石英水平摆倾斜仪中的应用研究          下载免费PDF全文

李际弘  高尚华  薛兵 《地球物理学报》2018,61(11):4486-4492

石英水平摆倾斜仪在前兆地震观测中得到了广泛的应用,取得了较好的观测数据,但是仍然存在一些不足,如灵敏度未知、频率特性不理想等.为解决这些问题,本文提出一种基于力平衡反馈技术的石英水平摆倾斜仪设计方法.该方法通过差动式电容换能器检测摆锤的位置信息,将其转换成电信号输出;同时通过电子线路将输出电压信号处理后反馈给摆锤,该反馈电压在摆锤上产生一静电力.根据该设计方法,我们研制了原理样机并进行了测试,结果表明,样机的灵敏度为16801V/（m·s^-2）,样机的幅度响应在从DC到5s都是平坦的.  相似文献