EFFECTIVENESS OF REGIONAL TOURISM INTEGRATION--Case of Quadrangle Economic Cooperation Zone in Great Mekong Region     

XU Hong-gang  BAO Ji-gang  ZHOU Chang-chun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2006,16(2)

  相似文献   

利用改进粒子群算法的关联规则挖掘     

许栋浩  李宏伟  张铁映  孟超越  樊超 《测绘科学》2016,41(2):168-172,139

针对传统的关联规则挖掘方法需要耗费大量时间来产生频繁项的问题,该文设计了一种引入负反馈机制的改进粒子群算法。该算法采用负反馈机制,在粒子位置更新前通过判断粒子是否将落入恶劣区域,较好地避免了粒子更新过程中对无用频繁项的重复计算,从而有效减少了数据库的扫描次数。通过挖掘土地覆盖类型与地形特征的空间关联关系,结果表明:所提算法不仅可以提高空间关联规则的挖掘效率,还可以发现仅具有高置信度的易被忽视关联规则。该研究结果对空间关联分析、同位模式挖掘等具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Zero carbon energy system pathways for Ireland consistent with the Paris Agreement     

James Glynn  Maurizio Gargiulo  Alessandro Chiodi  Paul Deane  Fionn Rogan  Brian Ó Gallachóir 《Climate Policy》2019,19(1):30-42

The Paris Agreement is the last hope to keep global temperature rise below 2°C. The consensus agrees to holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to aim for 1.5°C. Each Party’s successive nationally determined contribution (NDC) will represent a progression beyond the party’s then current NDC, and reflect its highest possible ambition. Using Ireland as a test case, we show that increased mitigation ambition is required to meet the Paris Agreement goals in contrast to current EU policy goals of an 80–95% reduction by 2050. For the 1.5°C consistent carbon budgets, the technically feasible scenarios' abatement costs rise to greater than €8,100/tCO₂ by 2050. The greatest economic impact is in the short term. Annual GDP growth rates in the period to 2020 reduce from 4% to 2.2% in the 1.5°C scenario. While aiming for net zero emissions beyond 2050, investment decisions in the next 5–10 years are critical to prevent carbon lock-in.

Key policy insights

• Economic growth can be maintained in Ireland while rapidly decarbonizing the energy system.

• The social cost of carbon needs to be included as standard in valuation of infrastructure investment planning, both by government finance departments and private investors.

• Technological feasibility is not the limiting factor in achieving rapid deep decarbonization.

• Immediate increased decarbonization ambition over the next 3–5 years is critical to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, acknowledging the current 80–95% reduction target is not consistent with temperature goals of ‘well below’ 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C.

• Applying carbon budgets to the energy system results in non-linear CO₂ emissions reductions over time, which contrast with current EU policy targets, and the implied optimal climate policy and mitigation investment strategy.

  相似文献   

CMIP6云反馈模式比较计划（CFMIP）概况与评述     

李立娟  郭准 《气候变化研究进展》2019,15(5):465-468

世界气候研究计划(WCRP)于2003年支持开展云反馈模式比较计划（CFMIP)。目前已经开展到第三阶段（CFMIP-3)。相比前两阶段的试验,CFMIP-3试验设计更加丰富、具体,除增加CMIP6 DECK和Historical试验的观测模拟器（COSP）输出外,还围绕着回答7个云反馈相关的科学问题,设计了Tier-1（必做）和Tier-2（可选）两类试验。CFMIP将气候模拟、观测研究和过程模拟等几个研究方向更紧密地联系在一起,并为理解和模拟云及其辐射反馈的气候贡献提供更深刻的认识和分析手段。  相似文献   

植被作用下土壤干化的反馈效应及相关问题讨论   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王晗生 《地理科学进展》2007,26(6):33-43

黄土高原普遍发生的植被作用下的土壤干化现象, 从一个独特角度恰当反映了环境对植 被的限制作用。由于人工林草植被不同于天然植被, 其负反馈调节机制脆弱, 这种植物生长用水 与环境供水之间的矛盾表现, 使人工林草植被生长滞缓, 稳定性下降, 甚至导致其衰亡, 并对后续 深根性植物的生长发育一般起到显著的抑制作用。但是, 后续天然植被或者浅根性植物却仍然能 够继续良好发育。显然, 植被作用下的土壤干化, 对追求一定的经济目标来说有其不利性, 但对于 防止土壤侵蚀并不一定就产生负面影响。需要根据经营目标区别对待人工林草植被的稳定性。人 工林草植被的自然化过程研究是有关生态恢复的一个有意义的命题。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary biotic and abiotic controls on long-term sediment flux in a northern Australian tropical river system     

Annegret Larsen  Jan-Hendrik May  Xavier Carah 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(12):2494-2509

The modern distribution of monsoonal rainforest in the Australian tropics is patchy and is mainly associated with river corridors and groundwater springs, which indicates a strong dependence on hydrologic and geomorphic conditions. While their present distribution is well known, very little data exists on past spatial and temporal dynamics of these ecosystems, or their medium- to longer-term controls. Factors such as (i) fire frequency and type, and/or (ii) hydroclimatic conditions (e.g. droughts) have been proposed to control riverine corridor rainforest extent. Recent observations, however, also suggest an additional (iii) geomorphic control induced by alluvial knickpoint migration. Sediment sequences provide valuable archives for the reconstruction of longer-term (a) floodplain sedimentary dynamics, (b) local vegetation history, and (c) catchment-wide fire histories. This study investigates such a sediment sequence at Wangi Creek, and shows that a phase of aggradation, lasting ~4000 years, was recently disrupted by channel incision and floodplain erosion. The aggradational phase is characterized by sand deposition with average vertical floodplain accretion rates of 0.8 cm/yr and includes phases of soil development. The recent incisional phase has changed hydro-geomorphic conditions and caused widespread degradation of vegetation, erosion and lowering of the macro-channel surface. While there is no evidence in our data for an erosional event of similar magnitude since the onset of late Holocene floodplain aggradation, Wangi Creek experienced significant erosion and incision immediately before ~4000 years, providing the first evidence for a tropical cut-and-fill river system. We hence argue that phases of aggradation mainly controlled by biotic processes alternate and depend on feedbacks with incision phases controlled mainly by abiotic processes. The results show that eco-hydro-geomorphic feedbacks may play a crucial role in the medium- to longer-term history of tropical fluvial systems and need to be considered when interpreting fluvial archives with regards to climate, fire or human induced change. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Output feedback sliding-mode control with generalized sliding surface for civil structures under earthquake excitation     

E. E. Matheu  M. P. Singh  C. Beattie 《地震工程与结构动力学》1998,27(3):259-282

  相似文献   

Variable gain feedback control technique of active mass damper and its application to hybrid structural control     

Ichiro Nagashima  Yuzo Shinozaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》1997,26(8):815-838

A systematic design procedure and an algorithm are devised for variable gain feedback (VGF) control of buildings with active mass damper (AMD) systems. The limit of the stroke length of the auxiliary mass, which is considered to be one of the most important physical constraints for application of AMD systems to actual structures, is studied. A set of variable feedback gains is designed as a function of a single variable that indicates a trade-off between the reduction of the building response and the amplitude of the auxiliary mass stroke, and this variable is on-line controlled to keep the amplitude of the auxiliary mass stroke constant, and within its limits. A design method of static output feedback controller for modal control of buildings with non-classical damping is also presented. Next, an efficient control method for hybrid structural control is developed, with combined use of the VGF control and the static output feedback control. It is shown through numerical examples that the proposed control method effectively adapts the control performance according to the variation in the intensity level of the external excitations in such a manner that the amplitude of the auxiliary mass stroke is kept within its limits and the control power is restrained as well. The application range of the AMD systems is thereby improved significantly. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Neural-network control of building structures by a force-matching training scheme     

D. A. Liut  E. E. Matheu  M. P. Singh  D. T. Mook 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(12):1601-1620

A method to generate an efficient control law for a neural-network controller is presented to reduce the dynamic response of buildings exposed to earthquake-induced ground excitations. The proposed training scheme for the neural-network controller does not rely on the emulation of the structure to be controlled. The approach used for this work is based on a force-matching procedure, and it directly utilizes the dynamic data characterizing the structure response to generate an efficient training signal. The proposed controller has a feedback structure, utilizing a limited set of response quantities. A shear building actuated at its top by a tuned-mass damper is utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller. For training purposes, an ensemble of synthetically generated ground-motion time histories, with appropriate site spectrum characteristics, have been used. The performance of the trained controller is then evaluated for two different historic ground-acceleration records that do not belong to the training set of time histories. The numerical simulations show the control effectiveness of the proposed scheme with modest control requirements. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

Actual seismic response controlled building with semi-active damper system     

Narito Kurata  Takuji Kobori  Motoichi Takahashi  Naoki Niwa  Hiroshi Midorikawa 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(11):1427-1447

This paper presents the first application of a semi-active damper system to an actual building. The Semi-active Hydraulic Damper (SHD) can produce a maximum damping force of 1000 kN with an electric power of 70 W. It is compact, so a large number of them can be installed in a single building. It is thus possible to control the building's response during a severe earthquake, because a large control force is obtained in comparison with a conventional active control system. This paper outlines the building, the control system configuration, the SHD, the control method using a Linear Quadratic Regulator, the response analysis results of the controlled building, and the dynamic loading test results of the actual SHD. The simulation analysis shows that damage to buildings can be prevented in a severe earthquake by SHD control. The dynamic loading test results of the SHD are reported, which show that the specified design values were obtained in the basic characteristic test. The control performance test using simulated response time histories, also shows that the damping force agrees well with the command. Finally, it is confirmed that the semi-active damper system applied to an actual building effectively controls its response in severe earthquakes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献