Interpreting maps through the eyes of expert and novice users     

Kristien Ooms  Philippe De Maeyer  Veerle Fack  Eva Van Assche  Frank Witlox 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(10):1773-1788

The experiments described in this article combine response time measurements and eye movement data to gain insight into the users' cognitive processes while working with dynamic and interactive maps. Experts and novices participated in a user study with a ‘between user’ design. Twenty screen maps were presented in a random order to each participant, on which he had to execute a visual search. The combined information of the button actions and eye tracker reveals that both user groups showed a similar pattern in the time intervals needed to locate the subsequent names. From this pattern, information about the users' cognitive load could be derived: use of working memory, learning effect and so on. Moreover, the response times also showed that experts were significantly faster in finding the names in the map image. This is further explained by the eye movement metrics: experts had significantly shorter fixations and more fixations per second meaning that they could interpret a larger part of the map in the same amount of time. As a consequence, they could locate objects in the map image more efficiently and thus faster.  相似文献   

Expression of nitric oxide synthase in the developing eye of Ze-brafish Danio rerio     

王勇军  张士璀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2004,22(4)

1 INTRODUCTION Nitric oxide (NO), a highly free radical gas, is recently discovered as messenger molecule involved in different cellular and developmental events including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis as well as neural pathfinding and synapse formation. NO is synthesized from amino acid L-arginine by catalytic action of a family of isoen-zymes called nitric oxide synthases (NOS) (Palmer, 1988). NOS require nicotinamide adenine dinucleo-tide phosphate (NADPH) as a…  相似文献   

一种基于视觉感受的电子地图载负量计算方法研究     

王慧芳  华一新  张晓楠  刘楠 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,40(5)

电子地图载负量是衡量电子地图在满足清晰易读条件下所能表达地物要素多少的重要量化指标。本文通过定量分析影响电子地图载负量的图面负载度、图面压盖度和色彩对比度,提出一种基于视觉感受的电子地图载负量计算方法。该方法从矢量数据出发,在精确计算图面负载度的基础上,首次以图面压盖度和色彩对比度作为权值参与计算,得到电子地图载负量。最后,基于地理信息平台TerraGIS对该方法进行了嵌入试验,获得不同图面负载度、图面压盖度和色彩对比度的实验地图载负量计算结果并将其与传统方法下的计算结果进行对比。又基于眼动仪的视觉感知试验,对不同实验地图下的用户平均眼动时间进行显著性差异分析,并结合热点图结果,分析了该方法计算得到的载负量结果的合理性,从而证明了该方法的科学性与实用性。  相似文献   

Mixing Methods and Triangulating Results to Study the Influence of Panning on Map Users’ Attentive Behaviour     

Kristien Ooms  Lien Dupont  Lieselot Lapon 《The Cartographic journal》2017,54(3):196-213

The general aim of this paper is to evaluate the influence of panning on the map user’s (attentive) behaviour, using a mixed methods approach. A user study was conducted in which participants – with an expertise in cartography – had to execute four tasks in Google Maps, using only a panning operation. During the first two tasks, participants had to follow a predefined route; during the latter two tasks they had to locate Belgium on a less detailed scale level. A strong task-related interactive behaviour was revealed by the participants’ mouse action and eye movements. Furthermore, the attentive behaviour was influenced by the type of view (map or satellite) and whether it occurs while performing the panning operation. The georeferenced eye movements were imported in a GIS for spatial analysis. Based on these spatial queries, we discovered that the duration of the fixations was associated by their location on the map.  相似文献   

基于认知实验选取地标的研究现状分析     

智梅霞  贾奋励 《地理信息世界》2016,(5):16-21

认知实验作为研究人类认知世界的科学活动方式之一,地标是辅助人们进行日常寻路与导航的关键要素,从环境中提取合适的地标方法是空间认知研究领域的热点之一。本文从认知实验和面向导航的视角出发,在对国内外大量文献进行分析研究的基础上,系统综述了基于认知实验选取地标的研究进展。首先,介绍了目前主流的各种地图学认知实验方法在地标选取中的应用;其次对眼动实验作为定量探究导航中地标选取行为特点的新方法进行重点分析;最后,总结归纳了各种认知实验在地标选取中的优缺点及存在的问题,对指导今后的地标选取具有一定的借鉴价值打下基础。  相似文献   

四川软玉猫眼的显微结构及扫描电镜研究     

卢保奇  亓利剑  夏义本  翁臻培 《上海国土资源》2007,(2):64-67

对四川软玉猫眼进行电子探针分析、扫描电镜和偏光显微镜研究,结果表明软玉猫眼主要由透闪石组成。岩石薄片观察表明,透闪石主要呈近于平行定向排列的显微纤维状,显微纤维变晶结构是软玉呈现猫眼效应的根本原因。透闪石的形成有不同的期次:早期为短柱状,呈斑状变晶;中期为片状,呈集合体对短柱状交代。晚期为近于平行定向排列的纤维状。扫描电镜分析表明透闪石纤维相互穿插绞合是玉石表现出高韧性和较强抗断裂性能的主要因素。  相似文献   

鱼眼全景像片光束法整体平差解法     

刘兴库  何东坡 《测绘学报》1993,22(3):218-222

本文利用鱼眼像片与中心投影的平面像片间像点坐标关系，推导了鱼眼像片光束法整体平差解算模型。用模拟数据进行试算，证明公式正确，且此种平差方法实用可行。  相似文献   

An improved QuikSCAT wind retrieval algorithm and eye locating for typhoon     

ZHONG Jian  FEI Jianfang  HUANG Sixun  DU Huadong  ZHANG Liang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2012,31(1):41-50

This paper proposes a rain considered geophysical model function (GMF), to be noted as GMF plus Rain. GMF plus Rain is based on the basic raidative transfer model with attenuation and scattering effects of rain on radar signal considered. Combined with the NSCAT2 GMF and the rain correction model, the GMF plus Rain model is used to retrieve the ocean wind vectors from the collocated QuikSCAT and SSM/I rain rate data for typhoon Melor. The resulting wind speed estimates of typhoon Melor show improved agreement with the wind fields derived from the best track analysis of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). The results imply that compared with the GMF model, the GMF plus Rain model can improve the precision of wind retrieval under the rain condition. Then, a new general algorithm of locating the eye of typhoon through the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) is proposed. The implementation of this algorithm in the ten QuikSCAT observations of typhoon Melor suggests that this algorithm is effective.  相似文献   

矩阵法绘补色立体图     

马洪明  张世钧 《成都信息工程学院学报》1993,(1)

补色立体图是一种有效的立体图形显示方法。本文详细介绍了用矩阵变换方法绘补色立体图的数学原理,并给出了应用实例。  相似文献   

Geometric Characteristics of Tropical Cyclone Eyes before Landfall in South China Based on Ground-Based Radar Observations     

Xiaotong ZHU  Qingqing LI  Jinhua YU  Dan WU  Kai YAO 《大气科学进展》2018,35(5):592-603

The geometric characteristics of tropical cyclone(TC) eyes before landfall in South China are examined using groundbased radar reflectivity. It is found that the median and mean eye area decrease with TC intensity, except for the severe typhoon category, and the eye size increases with height. The increasing rate of eye size is relatively greater in upper layers.Moreover, the ratio of eye size change in the vertical direction does not correlate with TC intensity. No relationship is presented between the ratio of eye size change in the vertical direction and the vertical wind shear. No relationship between the vertical change in eye size and the eye size at a certain level is found, inconsistent with other studies. No relationship exists between the vertical change in eye size and the intensity tendency. The eye roundness values range mainly from 0.5 to 0.7, and more intense TCs generally have eyes that are more circular.  相似文献