Transfer function of FBS-3A feedback broadband seismometer     

刘庆伟  庄灿涛  刘慧宁 《地震学报(英文版)》2001,14(1):82-90

IntroductionFBS-3A feedback broadband seismometer is a sensor suitable for digital telemetered seismic network observation, which was developed in a key project among the (Eighth Five-Year Plan( to meet the demand for the development of earthquake and premonitor digital observation experiment system (ZHAO, et al, 1997; ZHUANG, 1995).FBS-3A is quite different from conventional mechanical seismometers because electronic feedback technology is applied to it, as a result the measurement ba…  相似文献   

CISK, EVAPORATION-WIND FEEDBACK MECHANISM AND 30-60 DAY OSCILLATIONS IN THE TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE_*     

Zhao Qiang  Fu Zuntao  Chen Jiong  Liu Shikuo 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1997,11(2):164-175

A baroclinic semi-geostrophic model with evaporation-wind feedback mechanism(EWFM) and CISK is established,two non-dimensional parameters a and η are introduced to represent EWFM and CISK,respectively.Analytic solutions of the model system are obtained,dynamics analyses and the model atmosphere calculations further confirm that EWFM and CISK are very important physical processes in leading to the low-frequency oscillations in the tropics.  相似文献   

大尺度降雨异常对地面过程的影响——一类气候反馈机制的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李国平  符淙斌  叶笃正 《大气科学》1991,15(2):23-32

本文以华北地区春季两个多雨年和两个少雨年为例,研究半干旱地区大范围持续性降雨对地面物理过程的影响。 根据地面边界层热通量和辐射通量的参数化公式以及地面水份倾向方程,计算分析了春季降雨异常增多后地面热状况、热量平衡各分量和水文状况的变化,发现降雨异常增多后,地面土壤温度和地面气温明显降低,土壤湿度和地面蒸发潜热明显增大,地面反照率也有所降低。值得指出的是,地面物理状况的变化相对于降雨异常过程有明显的时间上的后延现象,在空间场上有较好的配合关系。  相似文献   

温室效应与气候变化     

他培基 《冰川冻土》1991,13(3):189-200

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Subseasonal variability and predictability of the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation in BCC_AGCM2.2     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2016

The subseasonal variability and predictability of the Arctic Oscillation/North Atlantic Oscillation (AO/NAO) is evaluated using a full set of hindcasts generated from the Beijing Climate Center Atmospheric General Circulation Model version 2.2 (BCC_AGCM2.2). It is shown that the predictability of the monthly mean AO/NAO index varies seasonally, with the highest predictability during winter (December–March) and the lowest during autumn (August–November), with respect to both observations and BCC_AGCM2.2 results. As compared with the persistence prediction skill of observations, the model skillfully predicts the monthly mean AO/NAO index with a one-pentad lead time during all winter months, and with a lead time of up to two pentads in December and January. During winter, BCC_AGCM2.2 exhibits an acceptable skill in predicting the daily AO/NAO index of ∼9 days, which is higher than the persistence prediction skill of observations of ∼4 days. Further analysis suggests that improvements in the simulation of storm track activity, synoptic eddy feedback, and troposphere–stratosphere coupling in the Northern Hemisphere could help to improve the prediction skill of subseasonal AO/NAO variability by BCC_AGCM2.2 during winter. In particular, BCC_AGCM2.2 underestimates storm track activity intensity but overestimates troposphere–stratosphere coupling, as compared with observations, thus providing a clue to further improvements in model performance.  相似文献   

南印度洋热带气旋生成频数气候变率对海温异常模响应的研究     

胡派  余锦华  王晨稀 《气象科学》2017,37(6):727-734

基于1980—2014年的哈德莱中心海冰及海温的月平均SST资料,美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)的best-track资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,利用广义平衡反馈方法(GEFA)研究南印度洋热带气旋(TC)生成频数对海表温度异常的响应特征。研究表明:(1)南印度TC生成频数对北太平洋第一模态(NP1)和热带大西洋第二模态(TA2)有显著响应,分别通过了置信度为99%和96%的Monte-Carlo检验,对应的响应振幅分别为0.67和0.49。(2)局地环境要素对关键SSTA模的GEFA响应结果显示:当NP1出现类似于太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)的正位相时,850 h Pa相对涡度在15°S附近的印度洋海域上都有一个自西向东的显著正响应带,垂直风切变在马达加斯加以东的大部分海域都表现为显著的负响应,600 h Pa相对湿度在马达加斯加以东的部分海域表现为显著的正响应;当TA2对应的时间系数为正异常时,850 h Pa相对涡度和600 h Pa相对湿度在澳大利亚的西北部印度洋海域表现为显著的正响应,垂直风切变在澳大利亚的西北部印度洋海域表现为显著的负响应。  相似文献   

Cloud Radiative Effects and Changes Simulated by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Models     

Sun-Hee SHIN  Ok-Yeon KIM  Dongmin KIM  Myong-In LEE 《大气科学进展》2017,34(7):859-876

Using 32 CMIP5(Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) models, this study examines the veracity in the simulation of cloud amount and their radiative effects(CREs) in the historical run driven by observed external radiative forcing for 1850–2005, and their future changes in the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 4.5 scenario runs for2006–2100. Validation metrics for the historical run are designed to examine the accuracy in the representation of spatial patterns for climatological mean, and annual and interannual variations of clouds and CREs. The models show large spread in the simulation of cloud amounts, specifically in the low cloud amount. The observed relationship between cloud amount and the controlling large-scale environment are also reproduced diversely by various models. Based on the validation metrics,four models—ACCESS1.0, ACCESS1.3, Had GEM2-CC, and Had GEM2-ES—are selected as best models, and the average of the four models performs more skillfully than the multimodel ensemble average.All models project global-mean SST warming at the increase of the greenhouse gases, but the magnitude varies across the simulations between 1 and 2 K, which is largely attributable to the difference in the change of cloud amount and distribution. The models that simulate more SST warming show a greater increase in the net CRE due to reduced low cloud and increased incoming shortwave radiation, particularly over the regions of marine boundary layer in the subtropics. Selected best-performing models project a significant reduction in global-mean cloud amount of about-0.99% K~(-1)and net radiative warming of 0.46 W m~(-2)K~(-1), suggesting a role of positive feedback to global warming.  相似文献   

随机波浪荷载作用下海洋平台的前馈-反馈振动控制研究     

李华军  嵇春艳  吴永宁 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2001,31(6):917-924

该文研究线性前馈 -反馈控制策略对海洋平台振动控制的有效性。线性前馈 -反馈控制只有当输入荷载为白噪声过程时 ,所实施的控制才是最优的 ,因此该文采用一白噪声过程通过滤波器来近似随机波浪力谱 ,并将海洋平台 -主动控制系统的动力学方程转化为符合随机最优控制要求的增广状态空间表达形式。依据设计目标中对安全性以及经济性的权衡 ,通过使二次型控制目标函数最小化 ,推导出了随机最优控制力的计算方法 ,从而实现了最优控制的目的。在频率域上分析了海洋平台受控后的振动响应 ,结合典型的海洋天然气生产平台算例 ,将前馈 -反馈控制与反馈控制、TMD控制加以比较 ,总结了前馈 -反馈控制的特点及其优越性  相似文献   

黑潮海域海洋异常加热与北半球大气环流的相互作用   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16  

赵永平  G．A.McBean 《海洋与湖沼》1995,26(4):383-388

根据黑潮海域海洋异常加热资料（１９５０－１９７９年），计算其与北半球大气环流相关，揭示二者相互作用事实，讨论其可能的物理过程，结果指出，黑潮海域海洋异常加热具有范围广，持续时间长，量级大等特点，在长期天气变化中占有重要的地位，冬半年海所相互作用为一正反馈过程，当亚洲大陆冷空气强时，海洋异常多加热，东亚大槽加深，后者又导致冷空气进一进加强；夏半年黑潮海域海洋异常加热主要受青藏高原热力状况制约。  相似文献   

带有负顾客且具有反馈的M/G/1排队模型     

徐洁  朱翼隽 《成都信息工程学院学报》2007,22(1):126-130

将负顾客和反馈相结合研究了一类带有负顾客且具有反馈的M／G／1排队系统，正顾客服务完会以一定的概率立刻排到队尾等待下一次服务，以一定的概率离开系统，永不再来。这里考虑了负顾客的两种抵消情况，分别是负顾客抵消队列中的最后一个正顾客和负顾客抵消队首的正顾客，并分别给出了它们稳态存在的充分必要条件，利用补充变量法和状态转移分析模型，得到了它们的稳态队长的概率母函数。  相似文献