Impact of root architecture on the erosion‐reducing potential of roots during concentrated flow     

S. De Baets  J. Poesen  A. Knapen  P. Galindo 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(9):1323-1345

Many studies focus on the effects of vegetation cover on water erosion rates, whereas little attention has been paid to the effects of the below ground biomass. Recent research indicates that roots can reduce concentrated flow erosion rates significantly. In order to predict this root effect more accurately, this experimental study aims at gaining more insight into the importance of root architecture, soil and flow characteristics to the erosion‐reducing potential of roots during concentrated flow. Treatments were (1) bare, (2) grass (representing a fine‐branched root system), (3) carrots (representing a tap root system) and (4) carrots and fine‐branched weeds (representing both tap and fine‐branched roots). The soil types tested were a sandy loam and a silt loam. For each treatment, root density, root length density and mean root diameter (D) were assessed. Relative soil detachment rates and mean bottom flow shear stress were calculated. The results indicate that tap roots reduce the erosion rates to a lesser extent compared with fine‐branched roots. Different relationships linking relative soil detachment rate with root density could be established for different root diameter classes. Carrots with very fine roots (D < 5 mm) show a similar negative exponential relationship between root density and relative soil detachment rate to grass roots. With increasing root diameter (5 < D < 15 mm) the erosion‐reducing effect of carrot type roots becomes less pronounced. Additionally, an equation estimating the erosion‐reducing potential of root systems containing both tap roots and fine‐branched roots could be established. Moreover, the erosion‐reducing potential of grass roots is less pronounced for a sandy loam soil compared with a silt loam soil and a larger erosion‐reducing potential for both grass and carrot roots was found for initially wet soils. For carrots grown on a sandy loam soil, the erosion‐reducing effect of roots decreases with increasing flow shear stress. For grasses, grown on both soil types, no significant differences could be found according to flow shear stress. The erosion‐reducing effect of roots during concentrated flow is much more pronounced than suggested in previous studies dealing with interrill and rill erosion. Root density and root diameter explain the observed erosion rates during concentrated flow well for the different soil types tested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

微细浸染型金矿床及其成矿作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾大成  胡瑞忠  冯本智 《吉林地质》2002,21(3):1-5,28

微细浸染型金矿是找矿潜力很大的一种矿床类型。近几年来逐渐将其作为一种独立的矿床类型加以研究和勘查。本文综合有关研究成果。总结了微细浸染型金矿成矿地质条件和矿床特征。并在此基础上讨论该类矿床的成矿作用。提出层控地下热卤水成矿作用。层控有机成矿流体作用和层控深源成矿流体成矿作用是该类矿床的三种主要成矿作用。该类矿床的成因类型总体上可以归属于层控热液改造型矿床。  相似文献   

细颗粒对粗颗粒床沙质输沙率影响的初步研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

钟德钰  王士强  王光谦 《水科学进展》2001,12(1):1-6

考虑高含沙紊流涡团中细颗粒絮凝形成网络结构对粗颗粒运动影响后,建立了粗颗粒悬移质泥沙的输沙率计算方法.该方法中包含的细颗粒影响项反映了流域因素对粗颗粒泥沙输沙的影响,证明细颗粒的影响是引起多沙河流中“多来多排”现象的一个重要因素.与黄河实测资料的对比表明,该计算方法能够反映高含沙紊流输沙时随流域细颗粒增多粗颗粒悬移质输沙率相对增大的现象,并具有较好的计算精度  相似文献   

北京地区石灰岩开发超细重质碳酸钙的展望     

王德利 《城市地质》2001,13(2):35-38

石灰岩是北京地区优势矿种，然而开发利用程度低下，产品结构单一，没有高技术含量和高附加值产品，本文通过造纸，塑料业超细重钙应用装况分析，认为一发超细重质碳酸钙制品才是根本出路。  相似文献   

胜利油区孤岛油田馆上段沉积模式研究   总被引：32，自引：5，他引：32  

李双应  李忠  王忠诚  刘建民  吴朝东  李翔 《沉积学报》2001,19(3):386-393

根据结构单元、岩石粒度分析、河流形态参数等特征,对比Miall的 16种河流分类方案,胜利油区孤岛油田馆上段属于细粒曲流河沉积。其中洪泛平原细粒 (FF)、决口扇 (CS)和侧向加积砂坝 (LA)结构单元发育,其次是天然堤(LV)和决口水道 (CR)结构单元。河流曲率P大于 2.2,河道宽度 10 0～ 30 0m,河流曲率波长 10 0 0～ 1770m。河流可能临近河口湾,海平面的波动影响着砂体的发育。  相似文献   

广西金牙金矿床百逢组沉积特征及其与金矿的关系   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2  

肖建新  杨建民  林畅松  刘景颜 《现代地质》2001,15(3):269-274

广西金牙金矿产于中三叠统百逢组中 ,矿区的百逢组为一套陆源碎屑浊积岩 ,既有阵发性高密度浊流引起的浊积扇体系 ,又有稳定低密度浊流引起的鲍马序列。百逢组下段为浊积扇体系 ,中段及上段为鲍马序列 ,一般不全 ,其中d、e段最发育 ,其次为c、b段。金矿化出现在砂泥混积的百逢组中段。矿体位于鲍马序列段 ,尤其是de和cde组合段 ,岩石为富含有机质的泥质与粉砂的混积岩 ,属远端浊积岩。其中 ,钙质泥岩和粉砂质泥岩是最有利的矿化围岩。主要载金矿物毒砂和黄铁矿呈自形晶出现。矿体的有机碳含量高于相邻围岩的有机碳含量 ,与运移烃类的叠加有关。金品位随有机碳含量的增加而增加 ,有机质也是有用的金的载体。富含有机质的浊积岩是浊积岩型金矿床形成的有利条件。  相似文献   

考虑湿度影响的城市气溶胶夜晚温度效应   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

李子华  涂晓萍 《大气科学》1996,20(3):359-366

本文利用一维非定常模式，研究了城市上空干、湿气溶胶粒子对夜间边界层温度的影响。结果表明，湿气溶胶粒子对低层大气有明显的升温作用，而对中上层大气则起降温作用，同时改变了贴地逆温层结构和边界层稳定度。  相似文献   

Study　on　the　characteristics　of　crust－mantle　transition　zone　in　Western　Yunnan　Province     

胡鸿翔  林中洋  边银菊  王椿镛  朱良保 《地震学报(英文版)》1996,9(4):573-581

Ｓｔｕｄｙｏｎｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｃｒｕｓｔ┐ｍａｎｔｌｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎｚｏｎｅｉｎＷｅｓｔｅｒｎＹｕｎｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅＨＯＮＧ－ＸＩＡＮＧＨＵ（胡鸿翔）ＺＨＯＮＧ－ＹＡＮＧＬＩＮ（林中洋）ＹＩＮ－ＪＵＢＩＡＮ（边银...  相似文献   

Contamination of a well in a uniform background flow     

C. J. van der Hoek 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(3):191-207

In this paper we describe the transport of pollution in groundwater in the neighbourhood of a well in a uniform background flow. We compute the rate at which contaminated particles reach the well as a function of the place of the source of pollution. The motion of a particle in a dispersive flow is seen as a random walk process. The Fokker-Planck equation for the random motion of a particle is transformed using the complex potential for the advective flow field. The resulting equation is solved asymptotically after a stretching transformation. Finally, the analytical solution is compared with results from Monte Carlo simulations with the random walk model. The method can be extended to arbitrary flow fields. Then by a numerical coordinate transformation the analytical results can still be employed.  相似文献   

Tests　for　individual　Sulfate－Containing　Particles　in　Urban　Atmosphere　in　Beijing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhang Daizhou  Tang Xiaoyan  Qin Yu  Yasunobu Iwasak  Gai Xiuzhen 《大气科学进展》1995,12(3):343-350

Thin film methods and X ray energy dispersive technique were applied to analyze sulfate-containing particles in Beijing in order to examine their features and sources. Atmospheric aerosol particles were collected on electron mi-croscope meshes according to two size ranges: coarse particles (r>0.5μm) and fine particles (0.5μm≥r≥0.1μm) by using a two-stage impactor. It was found fiat more than seventy percent of the fine particles and about twenty percent of the coarse particles were sulfate-containing particles. These particles were formed mainly through heterogeneous nucleation. The element composition analyses revealed that the atmospheric aerosol particles in Beijing were domi-nated by crustal particles and construction dust.  相似文献