论横向构造置换   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

付昭仁  单文琅 《地球科学》1989,14(1):59-65

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Non-riemannian and fractal geometries of fracturing in geomaterials     

H. Nagahama 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(1):96-102

The mechanism of earthquakes is presented by use of the elastic dislocation theory. With consideration of the continuous dislocation field, the general problem of medium deformation requires analysis based on non-Riemannian geometry with the concept of the continuum with a discontinuity (no-more continuum). Here we derive the equilibrium equation (Navier equation) for the continuous dislocation field by introducing the relation between the concepts of the continuous dislocation theory and non-Riemannian geometry. This equation is a generalization of the Laplace equation, which can describe fractal processes like diffusion limited aggregation (DLA) and dielectric breakdown (1313). Moreover, the kinematic compatibility equations derived from Navier equation are the Laplace equations and the solution of Navier equation can be put in terms of functions which satisfy the biharmonic equation, suggesting a close formal connection with fractal processes. Therefore, the relationship between the non-Riemannian geometry and the fractal geometry of fracturing (damage) in geomaterials as earthquakes can be understood by using the Navier equation. Moreover, the continuous dislocation theory can be applied to the problem of the earthquake formation with active folding related with faulting (active flexural-slip folding related to the continuous dislocation field).  相似文献   

Dating synmagmatic folds: a case study of Schlingen structures in the Strona-Ceneri Zone (Southern Alps, northern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. ZURBRIGGEN  B. S. KAMBER  M. R. HANDY  & T. F. NÄGLER 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1998,16(3):403-414

The Strona-Ceneri Zone (Southern Alps) contains folds with moderately to steeply inclined axial planes and fold axes, and amplitudes of up to several kilometres (so-called 'Schlingen'). These amphibolite facies folds deform the main schistosity of Late Ordovician metagranitoids and are discordantly overlain by unmetamorphic Permian sedimentary rocks. Mutually cross-cutting relationships between these folds and garnet-bearing leucotonalitic dykes indicate that these dykes were emplaced during folding. Sm–Nd systematics and the strongly peraluminous composition of these dykes point to an anatectic origin. Pb step leaching of magmatic garnet from a leucotonalitic dyke yielded a 321.3±2.3  Ma intrusive age. Rb–Sr ages on muscovites from leucotonalitic dykes range from 307 to 298  Ma, interpreted as cooling ages during retrograde amphibolite facies metamorphism. Conventional U–Pb data of zircons from an older granodioritic dyke that pre-dates the Schlingen folds yielded discordant U–Pb ages ranging from 371 to 294  Ma. These ages reflect a more complicated multi-episodic growth history which is consistent with the observed polyphase structural overprint of this dyke. Schlingen folding was accompanied by prograde amphibolite facies metamorphism, during the thermal peak of which the leucotonalitic dyke material was generated by partial melting in a deeper source region from where these S-type magmas intruded the presently exposed level. Because partial melting may occur in a relatively late stage of a clockwise P–T–t path, or even during decompression on the retrograde path, we do not exclude the possibility that Schlingen folding had already started in Early Carboniferous time. Schlingen folds also occur in Penninic and Austroalpine basement units with a very similar pre-Alpine history, indicating that Variscan folding affected large segments of the future Alpine realm.  相似文献   

The juxtaposition of eclogite and mid‐crustal rocks in the Orlica–Śnieżnik Dome,Bohemian Massif     

P. ŠTÍPSKÁ  F. CHOPIN  E. SKRZYPEK  K. SCHULMANN  P. PITRA  O. LEXA  J. E. MARTELAT  C. BOLLINGER  E. ŽÁČKOVÁ 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2012,30(2):213-234

Eclogite, felsic orthogneiss and garnet–staurolite metapelite occur in a 5 km long profile in the area of Mi?dzygórze in the Orlica–?nie?nik dome (Bohemian Massif). Petrographic observations and mineral equilibria modelling, in the context of detailed structural work, are used to document the close juxtaposition of high‐pressure and medium‐pressure rocks. The structural succession in all lithologies shows an early shallow‐dipping fabric, S1, that is folded by upright folds and overprinted by a heterogeneously developed subvertical foliation, S2. Late recumbent folds associated with a weak shallow‐dipping axial‐plane cleavage, S3, occur locally. The S1 fabric in the eclogite is defined by alternation of garnet‐rich (grs = 22–29 mol.%) and omphacite‐rich (jd = 33–36 mol.%) layers with oriented muscovite (Si = 3.26–3.31 p.f.u.) and accessory kyanite, zoisite, rutile and quartz, indicating conditions of ～19–22 kbar and ～700–750 °C. The assemblage in the retrograde S2 fabric is formed by amphibole, plagioclase, biotite and relict rutile surrounded by ilmenite and sphene that is compatible with decompression and cooling from ～9 kbar and ～730 °C to 5–6 kbar and 600–650 °C. The S3 fabric contains in addition domains with albite, chlorite, K‐feldspar and magnetite indicating cooling to greenschist facies conditions. The metapelites are composed of garnet, staurolite, muscovite, biotite, quartz, ilmenite and chlorite. Chemical zoning of garnet cores that contain straight ilmenite and staurolite inclusion trails oriented perpendicular to the external S2 fabric indicates prograde growth, from ～5 kbar and ～520 °C to ～7 kbar and ～610 °C, during the formation of the S1 fabric. Inclusion trails parallel with the S2 fabric at garnet and staurolite rims are interpreted to be a continuation of the prograde path to ～7.5 and ～630 °C in the S2 fabric. Matrix chlorite parallel to the S2 foliation indicates that the subvertical fabric was still active below 550 °C. The axial planar S2 fabrics developed during upright folding are associated with retrogression of the eclogite under amphibolite facies conditions, and with prograde evolution in the metapelites, associated with their juxtaposition. The shared part of the eclogite and metapelite P–T paths during the development of the subvertical fabric reflects their exhumation together.  相似文献   

冕宁三代褶叠层构造的发现及成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

唐智  王康明  肖川 《四川地质学报》1995,(2)

位于扬子地台西缘的冕宁三代地区，出露有震旦纪一晚二叠世的沉积岩及火山岩，岩石普遍遭受了低绿片岩相变质和浅－中构造相变形，尤以顺层片理、顺层掩卧褶皱、顺层韧性剪切带最为发育，地层序列正常。它们是地壳伸展机制下的褶叠层构造组合，它发生于晚二叠世，定型于三叠纪。  相似文献   

龙门山北段唐王寨-仰天窝地区伸展构造解析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

梁斌 《四川地质学报》1998,(3)

通过对唐王寨—仰天窝地区的构造解析,提出了组成唐王寨—仰天窝向斜的志留、泥盆系中发育有印支晚期逆冲推覆构造形成之前的伸展构造,主要表现为志留、泥盆系之间的剥离断层以及褶叠层等构造样式。通过对区域构造背景及辉绿岩脉形成时间的分析,探讨了伸展构造形成的机制,认为本区的伸展构造主要形成于晚二叠世。  相似文献   

Propagation history of the Osaka-wan blind thrust,Japan, from trishear modeling     

《Journal of Structural Geology》2014

Mapping the nucleation and 3D fault tip growth of the active Osaka-wan blind thrust provides an opportunity to asses how reactivated thrusts build slip from preexisting faults and the threat they pose as sources of large earthquakes. Analysis of folded growth strata, based on 2D trishear inverse modeling allows a range of best-fit models of the evolution of slip and propagation of the fault to be defined. The depth of the fault tip at 1200 ka varies between ∼1.5–4.5 km, suggesting the fault grew upward from high in the crust, and that it is reactivated. From its onset at ∼1500 ka, the fault grew rapidly along strike in ∼300 ky, and upwards with a P/S ratio of 2.5–3.0, but variable fault slip in space and time. Shallower depths of the fault tip at initiation and thinner basin fill correlates with slower propagation with time, contradicting models that argue for sediments as inhibitors of fault growth. Results also suggest the displacement profile of the currently active thrust is offset from its predecessor, assuming shallower depths to the original fault correlate with greater displacement in its prior history. These results suggest reactivated faults may accrue slip differently than newly developed ones, based on the history of upward fault propagation.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起古董山断裂带构造分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

师骏  李曰俊  桑洪  曾昌民  文磊  张强  冯晓军  姜红  梁华  贾铁干 《地质科学》2014,(3):935-946

古董山断裂构造带位于塔里木盆地西部的巴楚隆起上,走向北西-南东,延伸140 km左右。基于地震剖面的详细解释,识别出4期构造变形：寒武-奥陶纪正断层、二叠纪正断层、中新世冲断层、上新世-更新世冲断层及其伴生的正断层。中新世基底卷入型冲断层是古董山构造带的主控断裂构造,构成断裂带的主体,构造变形样式为断层传播褶皱。寒武-奥陶纪正断层形成复式地垒,隐伏于中新世主干断层之下。二叠纪正断层可能伴生有岩浆活动。先存的正断层和岩浆岩对古董山中新世断裂活动具有明显的控制作用;后期的断裂活动,即上新世-更新世逆冲断层和正断层,对中新世形成的断裂构造有改造作用。古董山断裂带东南端与玛扎塔格构造带西端交汇,但两者不是同一条断裂带。  相似文献   

Structural Analysis of the Multi-layer Detachment Folding in Eastern Sichuan Province   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Wang Zongxiu  Zhang Jin  Li Tao  Xie Guoai  Ma Zongjin 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(3):497-514

<正>A serial of"comb-like and trough-like"folds developed in eastern Sichuan,controlled by the multi-layer detachment folding,is different from the classical Jura-type structure in their development.The key factor resulting in the development of these structures is the occurrence of detachment layers in different parts of Neoprotozoic to Mesozoic stratigraphy of study area,which, from the bottom to the top,are the lower part of Banxi Group,Lower Cambrian(Niutitang Formation),Lower Silurian(Longmaxi Formation and Luoreping Formation),Upper Permian (Wujiaping Formation) and Lower Triassic(Daye Formation).On the basis of field survey combined with sand-box modeling,this study argued that the detachment layer of the lower part of Banxi Group controlled the development of the"comb-like"folds,and the lower part of Cambrian detachment layer controlled the development of"trough-like"folds.Because of several detachment layers occurring in the study area,the development of duplex structures different scales is an important deformation mechanism,and the duplexes are the important structures distinguished from the typical detachment folding structures.Due to these duplexes,the surface structures and structural highs may not be the structural highs in the depth.Meanwhile,the detachment layers are good channels for oil/ gas migration benefiting the understanding of accumulation and migration of oil and gas.  相似文献   

一个典型剖面的构造特征分析     

杜威 《贵州地质》2011,28(1):47-52

断裂带上盘岩石的褶皱变形程度随距底板断层距离的不同而有规律的变化,即愈靠近底板断层,褶皱变形愈强烈,从而在剖面上呈现明显分带性.褶皱的形成与断裂活动有关,底板滑脱断层、底板逆冲断层和次级逆冲断层的滑动导致不同形态特征褶皱的形成,其中滑脱褶皱和断层传播褶皱典型,褶皱和断层在剖面上构成以逆冲顶板双重构造.  相似文献