痕量氢气连续观测仪稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

范雪芳  刘国俊 《中国地震》2015,31(1):36-44

断裂带氢气浓度连续观测是获取深部构造活动的重要气体地球化学指标之一。由于断裂带岩层氢气浓度背景值较低,因此检验和分析氢气观测仪器的绝对检出限以及仪器稳定性便是选择高效能氢气浓度观测仪器的重要环节。在中条山山前断裂的夏县东郭测点开展了同一取样点相同环境的2套痕量氢气观测仪器对比实验,从记录的资料分析,两条曲线变化趋势、变化形态基本一致,但在细节上稍有差别,通过拟合分析,使用相关系数进行校正后,两条曲线基本重合。结果表明,痕量氢气自动分析仪稳定好,灵敏度高,观测结果一致,且实现了数字化,能够满足地震活动监测工作的需求。  相似文献   

断层氢气浓度观测技术试验研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

范雪芳  李自红  刘国俊  黄春玲  王向阳 《中国地震》2014,30(1):43-54

为了探索地下流体地震监测新技术、新方法,在中条山山前断裂带上开展了断层氢气浓度观测技术试验研究。通过对观测点位置、集气装置以及采样深度等观测条件的试验研究,给出了使用痕量氢在线自动分析仪进行断层氢气浓度观测的技术方法。针对在野外环境下该类仪器的稳定性、适宜条件进行了对比试验,对同一条断层上不同测点的氢气浓度动态特征进行了观测对比分析。试验结果表明,在断裂带上进行氢气浓度连续观测,技术上是可行的,本文提出的观测技术方法对观测点勘选、观测深度选择以及对观测数据的客观分析等均有参考意义。  相似文献   

The highly excited hydrogen b n -factors calculated     

N. I. Rovenskaya 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,314(1-3):25-33

Radio recombination line intensities are functions of highly excited atom nonequilibrium populations. These populations are determined by the spontaneous, collision and induced radiation transition rates that arise from the balance equations. The population balance equations are solved in a diffusion approximation which is proved for the departure factors from LTE. Diffusion equation departure coefficients are far from LTE due to the spontaneous transition flow, found as a second-order differential equation general solution. This solution is chosen in an explicit form from a physical situation with the temperature and density determined. The background radiation induced transition rates strongly influence the population flow to the equilibrium distribution. Radio recombination line amplification coefficients are calculated for the different medium temperatures and electron densities; these coefficients permit interpretation of the line intensities in the actual experiments.  相似文献   

Primordial hydrogen recombination dynamics with recoil upon scattering in the Ly-<Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis> line     

S. I. Grachev  V. K. Dubrovich 《Astronomy Letters》2008,34(7):439-444

We show that including the recoil upon scattering in the Ly-α line can lead to a noticeable acceleration of the primordial hydrogen recombination. Thus, for example, for the ΛCDM model, the decrease in the degree of ionization exceeds 1% at redshifts z = 800–1050, reaching ≈1.3% at z = 900. The corresponding corrections to the calculated cosmic microwave background power spectra reach 1.1% and 1.7% for TT and EE spectra, respectively. The radiative transfer in these calculations was treated in the quasi-stationary approximation.We have also obtained numerical solutions (in the diffusion approximation) to the nonstationary problem of radiative transfer in the Ly-α line for a partial frequency redistribution with recoil. We trace the evolution of the local line profile and the relative number of uncompensated transitions from the 2p state to the 1s state. We show that including the nonstationarity of the Ly-α line radiative transfer can lead to an additional acceleration of the primordial hydrogen recombination.  相似文献   

川东北飞仙关组鲕滩天然气地球化学特征与成因   总被引：29，自引：3，他引：26  

谢增业  田世澄  李剑  胡国艺  李志生  马成华 《地球化学》2004,33(6):567-573

四川盆地东北部下三叠统飞仙关组鲕滩气藏天然气烃类气体以甲烷为主,含量主要分布在75%～90%之间,C2 含量很少,为0%～0.15%,干燥系数为0.997 0～0.999 8,是典型的干气;非烃气体以H2S和CO2为主,含量分别为4.21%～16.24%和0.97%～10.41%.天然气δ13C1值为-29.0‰～-31.5‰,δ13C2值为-29.4‰～-32.4‰.多参数表明鲕滩气藏天然气是以腐泥型为主的高过成熟天然气.高含H2S的天然气分布区域与含石膏地层分布基本一致,这些H2S为飞仙关组气藏附近的石膏经热化学硫酸盐还原作用(TSR)而生成,CO2是其主要的副产物.在TSR过程中,C2 重烃气体比甲烷更容易与硫酸盐发生反应,也就是C2 重烃气体的消耗速率大于甲烷,从而导致发生TSR反应的天然气C2 含量低、H2S和CO2含量高.天然气δ13C1值与甲烷含量之间具有很好的负相关关系,而与天然气酸性系数[H2S/(H2S CnH2n 2)]具有正相关关系.根据同位素动力学的分馏效应,随着TSR的进行,烃类分子中的12C损耗速率大于13C,残留下来的烃类分子中则更加富集13C,也就是TSR反应使天然气碳同位素变重.  相似文献   

APPLICATION OF STABLE OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN ISOTOPES TO THE VERIFICATION OF GROUNDWATER ANOMALIES          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Lei  LIU Yao-wei  REN Hong-wei  GUO Li-shuang 《地震地质》2016,38(3):721-731

Identifying the source of the observed fluid anomalies is a major tast in verifying the anomalies in seismic subsurface fluid research. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are proved to be effective to trace the underground fluid origin and its development. In this study, we summarized the basic principles, water sampling and testing techniques in recognizing the fluid anomalies by using the stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes. We also enumerated the related applications in analyzing the sudden water level increase and the rapid shifting from limpid water to murky. The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes analysis can be used to verify the macroscopic underground fluid anomalies, such as subsurface water temperature, water level and chemical component changes, and the wide use of this method in seismic subsurface fluid research will be helpful to identify the tectonic or non-tectonic related influencing factors to the fluid anomalies.  相似文献   

渝东南断裂型碳酸盐岩地热水的形成特征     

罗丹  杨平恒  王治祥  冉瑜  蒋晶  明晓星 《中国岩溶》2019,38(5):670-681

通过水化学法和同位素示踪法对渝东南断裂型碳酸盐岩地热水的地球化学特征及其水资源的形成进行研究。结果表明:郁山断裂以西地热水的水化学类型为Cl-Na型,断裂以东地热水以SO4-Ca?Mg型为主。根据Gibbs图,郁山断裂以西、以东的地热水分别受到蒸发浓缩和岩石风化作用的影响;断裂以西地热水的γNa+/γCl-接近1,表明地热水中高浓度的Cl-和Na+主要是源于地层中岩盐的溶解;断裂以东地热水的γ（Ca2++Mg2+）/γ（HCO_3^-+ SO〖_4^(2-)〗）接近1,表明地热水中高浓度的Ca2+和SO〖_4^(2-)〗主要来源于地层中膏岩的溶解。地热水的δD和δ18O值分别为-64.7‰~-50‰和-9.17‰~-7.89‰,分布在当地大气降水线两侧,表明补给来源主要为大气降水。地热水水源平均补给高程为1 278 m,这很可能来自附近岩溶中山地区。其热储温度为41~90 ℃,平均热储温度为66℃;循环深度为1 000~3 500 m,平均值为2 300 m。大气降水到达地表后,在重力（地形）作用下向深部径流,接受地球内部的热传导形成地热水,由西北向东南流动,沿着断裂带上涌,并接受冷水的混入。   相似文献   

唐山曹妃甸浅层地下水水化学特征及咸化成因     

侯国华  高茂生  党显璋 《地学前缘》2019,26(6):49-57

为了查明曹妃甸浅层地下水水化学及咸化成因,采集研究区河水、地下淡水、微咸水、咸水、卤水、雨水和海水等不同类型水样,对其水化学组成、离子比、Piper三线图、吉布斯图、氢氧同位素组成及14C测年结果进行了分析。结果表明：(1)曹妃甸浅层地下水包括全新世沉积层潜水和晚更新世沉积层微承压水,且非原始封存在地层中而是形成于全新世中晚期。(2)地下潜水向海方向分布有淡水、微咸水、咸水水质类型,微承压水以咸水和卤水为主要水质类型;近冲洪积扇前缘水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制,围填海区及河口处水化学特征受海水混合作用控制,滨海平原区水化学特征主要受蒸发/结晶作用控制。(3)曹妃甸浅层地下水咸化过程主要是晚更新世以来海侵海退时期形成海洋蒸发盐经大气降水和河水多期溶滤所致,其盐分来源于海水蒸发盐,河口及围填海区地下潜水盐分主要来源于现代海水入侵。  相似文献   

银川盆地水体氢氧稳定同位素特征分析     

马洪云  李成柱  王化齐  郭莉 《西北地质》2019,(2):218-226

中国西北部银川盆地干旱少雨,大量的黄河水用于灌溉,灌溉入渗水对地下水循环的参与程度、参与深度研究是进一步解决灌区水环境问题和确定地下水污染来源的关键,需要深入研究。笔者通过氢氧稳定同位素特征分析和氚同位素年龄分析,构建了银川盆地不同水体同位素特征分布关系。结果表明:银川盆地降水和流经的黄河水的氢氧稳定同位素丰度均值都分布在全球雨水线上,降水和黄河水符合全球大气降水来源;深层地下水、浅层地下水及由地下水排泄汇集的排水沟水的氢氧稳定同位素都分布在地下水拟合线上(δD=8.24δ18O+1.08)。这条地下水拟合线与全球雨水线近似平行分布。两线之间的差异指向2种不同水循环的主导过程,即蒸发-混合主导过程和水岩交互-混合主导过程。两种解释对应的灌溉循环量分别占地下水排泄量的44.07%和89.76%,初步认为水岩交互-混合是地下水拟合线分布于全球雨水线下方的主导过程。  相似文献   

Stable isotope techniques in plant water sources：a review   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qiu Yang  HongLang Xiao  LiangJu Zhao  MaoXian Zhou  CaiZhi Li  ShengKui Cao 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(2):0112-0122

The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotopes widely exist in various kinds of natural water.Plants have to cope with various water sources:rainwater,soil water,groundwater,sea water,and mixtures.These are usually characterized by different isotopic signatures (18O/16O and D/H ratios).Because there are relative abundance variations in water,and plant roots do not discriminate against specific water isotopes during water uptake,hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope ratios of water within plants provide new information on water sources,interactions between plant species and water use patterns under natural conditions.At present,the measurement of δD,δ18O composition of various potential water sources and stem water has become significant means to identify plant water sources.Based on previous studies,this review highlights recent advances such as theory basis,methodology,as well as different spatial and temporal scales,and existed questions and prospects.Stable isotope techniques for estimating plant water sources have provided valuable tools for conducting basic and applied research.Future studies emphasize the modification of preparing methods,isotope technique combined with other measurements,and aerial organs of plant water source should be en-couraged.  相似文献