地理信息技术支撑下的南海岛礁资源环境研究进展与展望     

李弘毅  刘永学  张思宇  孙超  孙佳琪 《地理科学进展》2018,37(11):1454-1462

面积辽阔的南海是中国未来重要的能源接续区与资源基地,也是涉及国家海洋权益最为集中的区域。本文针对地理信息技术支撑下的南海岛礁研究现状,从南海岛礁现有基础数据成果、遥感手段岛礁基础地理信息提取方法及提取成果所做的岛礁分析与评价3方面,系统地回顾了国内外涉及南海岛礁资源环境研究的相关进展,评述了现有研究技术方法存在的不足,并对未来的研究进行了展望,在此基础上,提出了3个主要方向作为未来研究的重点：①促进遥感数据获取多源化,构建海量多源、多尺度南海岛礁遥感数据仓库;②加强技术协同创新,结合地理信息技术的发展,提升岛礁信息提取与监测的准确性与可靠性;③提升遥感分析智能化,研究并建立综合分析与情势推演平台及战略决策辅助支撑系统,以期为南海岛礁的进一步深入研究提供参考。  相似文献   

Big Data Resource Planning for Food Safety: a Preliminary Exploration of the “Environment,Food and Health” Information Chain     

XIAO Gexin  YANG Bing  LI Wei 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2018,9(1):22-27

Environmental pollution, food safety and health are closely linked. A key challenge in addressing the problem of food safety and protecting public health is building an integrated knowledge base to inform policy and strengthen governance. This requires breaking down the trans-departmental information barrier across the environment, food and health domains to ensure the effective flow of data and the efficient utilization of resources, and facilitate the collaborative governance of food safety. Achieving this will be crucial for the development of health and medical care in China in the era of big data. Currently, the information resources commanded by various departments are incomplete and fragmented. Data resources are also organized in vertical silos and there is a lack of data sharing within and across policy streams. To provide the basis for more effective integrated collection and analysis of data in future, this study summarizes the information resources of various departments whose work relates to interactions between environment, food and health, and presents measures to strengthen top-down design, and establish unified data standards and a big data sharing platform. It also points to the need for increased training of data analysts with interdisciplinary expertise.  相似文献   

基于卫星资料梯度信息的新型变分同化方法对于台风数值模拟的研究     

钟波  王云峰  马刚  马新园 《大气科学》2018,42(1):164-177

卫星资料凭着卫星遥感的全球性、连续性和高频次观测等优势,成为一种重要的非常规资料源,但卫星观测仍然存在各种各样的观测误差,其中包含由于观测偶然性所造成的统计学上的随机误差及仪器本身和辐射传输模式等造成的系统性偏差,这些误差在很大程度上影响了卫星资料的质量。文中提出了一种能有效订正卫星观测资料系统性偏差的梯度信息同化算法,该方法用一个梯度算子进行模式变量与观测变量的梯度变换,从而达到订正系统性偏差的目的。本文利用WRF（Weather Research Forecast）模式及其同化模式WRFDA（WRF Data Assimilation system）,以及AIRS（Atmospheric Infrared Sounder）资料,对台风“圆规”进行了实际的数值模拟和同化试验,数值结果表明,梯度信息同化方法能明显改善台风路径的模拟,在处理可信度较低的资料时仍然适用。另外,通过同化诊断分析,发现卫星资料的系统性偏差对于台风数值模拟有较大影响,而文中提出的梯度信息同化方法能较好的解决此类问题。  相似文献   

The geometry of space-time prisms with uncertain anchors     

Bart Kuijpers  Walied Othman 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(9):1722-1748

Space-time prisms envelop all spatio-temporal locations that moving objects may have visited between two of their known spatio-temporal locations, given a bound on their travel speed. In this context, the known locations are often the result of observations or measurements, and they are called ‘anchor points’. The classic space-time prism, in isotropic two-dimensional space, as well as in transportation networks, assumes that the measurements of these anchor points are exact. Whereas, in many applications, we can assume that time can be measured fairly precisely, this assumption is unrealistic for the spatial components of measured locations (we think of Global Positioning System (GPS) errors, for instance). In this paper, we extend the classical prism from anchor points to circular ‘anchor regions’ that capture the uncertainty or error on their measurement. We define the notion of a space-time prism with uncertain anchor points, called uncertain prism, for short. We study the geometry of uncertain prisms in an arbitrary metric space to make this concept as widely applicable as possible. We also focus on the rims of uncertain space-time prisms, which demarcate the area that a moving object can have visited between two anchor regions (given some local speed limitations).  相似文献   

Classifying natural-language spatial relation terms with random forest algorithm     

Shihong Du  Xiaonan Wang  Chen-Chieh Feng  Xiuyuan Zhang 《International journal of geographical information science》2017,31(3):542-568

The exponential growth of natural language text data in social media has contributed a rich data source for geographic information. However, incorporating such data source for GIS analysis faces tremendous challenges as existing GIS data tend to be geometry based while natural language text data tend to rely on natural language spatial relation (NLSR) terms. To alleviate this problem, one critical step is to translate geometric configurations into NLSR terms, but existing methods to date (e.g. mean value or decision tree algorithm) are insufficient to obtain a precise translation. This study addresses this issue by adopting the random forest (RF) algorithm to automatically learn a robust mapping model from a large number of samples and to evaluate the importance of each variable for each NLSR term. Because the semantic similarity of the collected terms reduces the classification accuracy, different grouping schemes of NLSR terms are used, with their influences on classification results being evaluated. The experiment results demonstrate that the learned model can accurately transform geometric configurations into NLSR terms, and that recognizing different groups of terms require different sets of variables. More importantly, the results of variable importance evaluation indicate that the importance of topology types determined by the 9-intersection model is weaker than metric variables in defining NLSR terms, which contrasts to the assertion of ‘topology matters, metric refines’ in existing studies.  相似文献   

中国区域信息空间和人口空间的耦合关联分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王宁宁  陈锐  赵宇  钟少颖 《地理科学》2016,36(10):1474-1484

从流动空间角度出发,建立基于关系测度的空间耦合模型,采用复杂网络分析方法和灰色关联分析方法深入探讨区域信息空间和人口空间的耦合格局。研究发现信息空间和人口空间的耦合网络呈现“核心-边缘”模式,北京、上海、广东、天津、新疆和甘肃等耦合核心省市在整个省市内占据主导地位,是其他省市耦合发展所依附的核心。全国省市信息空间和人口空间耦合分布的总体布局呈现“川”型特征,分为高耦合协调型、中耦合磨合型以及低耦合发展型。信息空间和人口空间的耦合主要分为高耦合协调型、中耦合磨合型以及低耦合发展型3种,其中空间的高耦合程度一方面响应了国家加快推进互联互通建设的发展战略,另一方面也是京津冀一体化以及建设丝绸之路经济带的必然结果。  相似文献   

基于时空大数据的城市脉动分析研究     

彭玲  李祥  徐逸之  陈文建  胡媛  李高盛  尤承增 《地理信息世界》2016,(3):5-12

随着新型城镇化建设成为了国家战略,各地政府掀起了智慧城市建设热潮。在智慧城市建设中,公共信息平台建设是不可或缺的重要基础环节。随着平台的深入运行,逐步积累了大量的城市数据。但是,数据资源中蕴含的知识远未得到充分挖掘和应用,致使数据爆炸但知识匮乏。因此,基于数据时空和专题属性,建立科学的城市数据体系是城市管理的迫切需求;同时,基于数据体系,揭示各类数据随时空变化规律,展现城市脉动发展情况是城市决策重要的依据,也是观察和诊治"城市病"的重要技术手段。我们以中新天津生态城所建成的大数据汇聚公共平台为依托,基于数据挖掘技术手段,针对环境、能源、交通脉动进行研究并取得初步成果,科学地揭示了"城市脉动"变化规律,使平台数据发挥最大价值。脉动分析结果以可视化手段表现,反映城市各项指标脉动变化特征。  相似文献   

云GIS下智慧城市地理空间信息共享平台构建     

张衡  成毅  王晓理  郭海涛 《地理信息世界》2016,(3):71-76

目前,我国数字城市已走向面向云服务的智慧城市地理平台时代。云GIS服务平台为政府部门及公众提供了可定制、弹性化的一站式地理信息服务。本文在研究云GIS下地理空间数据的整合模型、服务体系架构,以及部署方式的基础上,深入分析了Arc GIS云平台特点并设计了一套基于云平台的智慧城市地理空间信息服务共享平台——"兰州市城关区数字化社会管理与服务平台"。该平台通过地理云服务集成了虚拟化、网络化、智能化等关键技术,创建了智慧城市社会管理与服务新模式,提高了社会管理效能和质量。  相似文献   

基于NewMap Server的旅游信息服务系统开发与实现     

武永斌  李国清  卢小平 《地理信息世界》2016,(5):104-108

本文采用NewMap Server将基础地理信息数据和旅游专题数据发布为地图服务和要素服务,通过数据库引擎连接Oracle 11g并建立服务器端的旅游空间信息数据库,将地图空间数据和属性数据进行存储与管理,并结合NewMap Server JSAPI,在Web GIS、物联网等技术的基础上,设计并完成了B/S架构的"数字洛阳旅游信息服务系统",实现了旅游信息资源的空间查询和分析、景区在线实时监控、旅游APP下载等诸多功能,为旅游管理部门和社会大众提供了直观、便捷的空间信息服务,从而方便用户掌握当地旅游资源、了解旅游即时动态、制定个性化的旅游计划。  相似文献   

全国地质调查协同部署平台建设与应用     

宋越  屈红刚  高延光  张翠光  罗晓玲 《地理信息世界》2016,(1):24-30

地质大调查工作不仅涉及全国基础地质、地质矿产、地质灾害、地质环境等多专业、多比例尺等多种工作手段,还涉及中央、地方、社会等不同资金来源的项目。由于地质工作部署在地质工作中的先行性地位,做好部署方案编制对整个地质工作的开展具有重要作用。全国地质调查协同部署平台建设是为了统筹多种资金来源的地质调查工作,进一步优化地质调查工作部署方案编制,实现工作程度数据、部署专题数据等多源数据的一体化耦合显示、综合分析、部署方案编制等功能。全国地质调查协同部署平台的建立,提供了中央地方共享工作程度数据和地质调查工作部署需求对接的一个重要渠道,以信息化的手段促进了中央地方部署方案"协同"编制。  相似文献