REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE     

《The Professional geographer》1986,38(4):425-430

Geographic Software Reviewed in this article: LIFE TABLES and the LESLIE MATRIX. CONDUIT MENTMAP2 . Lawrence W. Carstensen Jr . PC-MATLAB , Version 1.0. The Math Works, Inc. QUICKMAP , version 1.0. Sammamish Data Systems, Inc. SYSTAT: THE SYSTEM FOR STATISTICS , Version 2.1, Systat Inc. USA DISPLAY . Instant Tecall  相似文献   

Knowledge based systems for risk assessment of the subsurface of contaminated sites     

S. Heynisch  A. Pekdeger  B. Richter  M. -Th. Schafmeister  W. Skala 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(4):505-517

Computer-based risk evaluation methods are practical tools to compare automatically and evaluate contaminated sites. HYDRISK is an example of adequate knowledge-based systems: HYDRISK evaluates hydrogeological properties and chemical criteria relevant to contaminant transport with respect to the necessary remedial actions. It works at a high investigative level and enables geologists and engineers to draw differentiated conclusions for selecting remediation methods for the contaminated site. HYDRISK emphasizes space and time dependent aspects of the contaminant transport. It is supported by a geographic information system (GIS) to display the evaluation results. Some ideas on considering the spatiotemporal variability of relevant parameters by means of geostatistical methods and numerical models will be given.  相似文献   

Terrain Pattern Recognition and Spatial Decision Making for Regional Slope Stability Studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

George?MiliaresisEmail author  Nikos?Sabatakakis  George?Koukis 《Natural Resources Research》2005,14(2):91-100

A terrain partition scheme is presented that allows the identification of regions with high landslide risk in natural terrain zones on the basis of geomorphometric criteria from moderate resolution DEMs. The key factor being the terrain segmentation to aspect regions (regions formed by points preserving the same aspect direction) instead of using an artificial regular-grid terrain partition scheme. The study area is in western Greece (NW Peloponnesus) whereas a moderate resolution digital elevation model with spacing 75 m is used. Landslide inventory analysis and knowledge conceptualization identified that the landslide susceptibility of a particular aspect region is high, if the mean elevation is low and the mean gradient is high. Each aspect region was parametrically represented on the basis of its mean gradient and elevation. The domain of each parameter was divided to seven slices (classes) on the basis of the observed density. Subsequent knowledge based mapping identified aspect regions with high landslide susceptibility for the following spatial rule: (a) “mean slope in class 6 or 7” and (b) “mean elevation in class 1 to 5”. Alternatively the rule is expressed as mean slope to be equal or greater than 15^∘ whereas mean elevation to be in the range 0 to 750 m. These identified zones correspond to regions where historical landslides occurred (populated coastal areas in the North) as well as to south regions (natural terrain zone) where no landslide record is available, because of the limitations posed by the natural terrain landslide mapping program in Greece. The presented terrain segmentation technique combined to the spatial decision-making process, provided both an object framework for integrating geomorphometric parameters and a method for landslide risk analysis in natural terrain zones.  相似文献   

智能化专题地图快速设计制作研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马俊  王光霞  薛志伟  齐晓飞  张元源 《测绘科学》2012,37(3):171-173,123

本文根据专题地图智能化快速设计制作的需求,提出以构建专题地图智能化设计知识库为驱动实现专题地图快速设计制作的模式。在分析其他领域知识和知识库概念的基础上,兼顾该领域的特点,对此模式中知识和知识库的概念重新进行界定。文中以河南省交通图设计为例,基于混合式表示法和此模式下知识库的新特性,构建了专题地图设计知识库的框架体系并进行了阐述。  相似文献   

The Trade and Industries of Western South America     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(3):109-122

Abstract

This research was based on an instructional module developed and used to investigate whether GIS can be used to enhance fourth grade students' geographic knowledge and map skills. Another goal was to identify challenges the teachers and the students face using GIS.

Findings from the study suggest that using GIS in the classroom helps students improve their geographic knowledge and maps skills. In addition, this study found that the students' geographic content knowledge tended to improve gradually and the knowledge transferred to the subsequent lessons, while certain map skills tended to develop in a more specific manner.  相似文献   

Defining Appalachia: Public Policy and Regional Dynamics in Appalachia's Low-income Counties, 1965-2000     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):49-60

Abstract

The extant literature on place location learning resolves in varying degrees that place location knowledge (PLK) is deficient in the United States and abroad. This is particularly true for younger school-attending age groups. This study has three main aims: to investigate the validity of that claim in regard to secondary-level students in Dublin by testing their PLK; to assess what characteristics of tested place locations render some sites more visible in students' eyes than others; and to investigate statistically what traits of the respondents shape their PLK. The implications of these findings on geographic education and future research are also discussed.  相似文献   

River Views of Beginning Pre-service Teachers: Content Knowledge Use     

《The Journal of geography》2012,111(2):61-68

Abstract

How beginning teachers organize themselves to teach new or unfamiliar topics is an important issue for research. This paper discusses information about rivers in pre-service teachers' lessons taught to fourth grade students. Lessons were videotaped and transcribed for analysis. The data consisted of all information about rivers found in the lessons. Lesson content was analyzed for accuracy, coherence, centrality, over-simplification, and undue emphasis.

Seven kinds of problems with lesson content occurred because the beginning teachers lacked sufficient knowledge about rivers. Inaccurate information was either presented or allowed to stand unchallenged in the lessons. The lessons lacked coherence, because the beginning teachers tended to make passing references to concepts. About twice as many of the lesson concepts were peripheral to the study of rivers, the problem of centrality. The relationships between some river-related ideas were misunderstood or ignored. Both physical and human geography concepts were consistently over-simplified. The recreational use of rivers was consistently over-emphasized.  相似文献   

中原经济区建设背景下的科技创新体系研究     

郭新和 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(2):156-160

中原经济区要建设成为全国"三化"协调发展示范区、全国重要的经济增长板块、全国综合交通枢纽和物流中心、华夏历史文明传承核心区,必须加快自主创新体系建设,提高自主创新能力,充分发挥科技创新的有力支撑作用。科技创新是一类开放的复杂巨系统,其专家系统、技术支撑系统、数据信息系统构成了科技创新体系的内核。通过加强人才培养、引进和使用,推进知识创新体系建设;狠抓科技投入和输出,推动技术创新体系建设;强化政府政策扶持引导,推进制度和管理创新体系建设,必然会推动区域发展由要素驱动向创新驱动转变,必然会推动和促进中原经济区的快速、全面、科学和可持续发展。  相似文献   

基于分类回归树分析的遥感影像土地利用／覆被分类研究   总被引：50，自引：1，他引：50  

赵萍  傅云飞  郑刘根  冯学智  B．Satyanarayana 《遥感学报》2005,9(6):708-716

以专家知识和经验为基础,综合影像光谱信息和其他辅助信息进行分类的基于知识的遥感影像解译方法,是提高遥感影像分类精度,实现自动解译的有效途径之一。然而,知识的获取一直是其得以广泛应用的“瓶颈”问题。以江苏省江宁试验区土地利用/覆被分类为例,利用分类回归树分析(CART)从训练样本数据集中发现分类规则,集成遥感影像的光谱特征、纹理特征和空间分布特征进行分类实验,并与传统的监督分类和逻辑通道分类方法进行比较。结果表明,基于CART的分类方法的精度基本在80%以上,与另两种方法相比,有了较大的提高,而且该算法复杂性低,效率高。由此说明,利用CART算法构建决策树获取的分类规则是合理的。它可以快速、有效地获取大量分类规则,是促进基于知识的遥感影像分类方法在土地利用/覆被分类中广泛应用的一项有效手段。  相似文献   

利用城市POI数据提取分层地标   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

赵卫锋  李清泉  李必军 《遥感学报》2011,15(5):973-988

为了获取能够用于智能化路径引导的层次性空间知识,提出了一种依据显著度的差异从城市POI数据中提取出分层地标的方法。首先,通过从公众认知、空间分布和个体特征3个方面分析影响POI显著性的因素,构造了包括公众认知度、城市中心度和特征属性值3个指标向量的POI显著性度量模型;然后,分别讨论了利用问卷调查、多密度空间聚类和数据规格化的方法计算POI对象的各项显著性指标值的过程;最后,选择武汉市武昌地区的POI数据进行显著度计算,从中提取显著度较高的对象构成若干层地标,并以各层地标为种子生成加权的Voronoi图,用来反映各地标的空间影响范围并建立了同层和上下层地标之间蕴含的关系。  相似文献