氟苯尼考对太平洋牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)早期发育的影响     

张莺脐  张羡宇  郭庆芳  许文豪  马峥  石硕  张倩  刘鹰 《海洋科学》2021,45(1):100-109

氟苯尼考作为氯霉素的替代物,理化性质稳定,在水产养殖业中被广泛使用,致使其在多种水体环境中大量残留。本研究分析了氟苯尼考(0.1、1.0和10 mg/L)对牡蛎幼虫的生长发育、运动能力、免疫抗性的影响。结果表明,氟苯尼考暴露24 h后,随着暴露浓度的增加,牡蛎幼虫的存活量呈升高趋势,而幼虫壳高和壳宽显著降低;氟苯尼考暴露不会引起牡蛎幼虫移动速度的变化,1 mg/L氟苯尼考暴露后,牡蛎幼虫移动距离呈显著性增加(P<0.05)。氟苯尼考暴露浓度、牡蛎幼虫存活量及水体细菌总数之间呈显著性相关,但水体细菌总数的变化并不是造成牡蛎幼虫发育、生长状态不同的主要原因。牡蛎幼虫在不同浓度氟苯尼考的暴露下,ILPR、Cg-Tyr和Ferritin等生长发育相关基因的表达受到影响,进而影响其生长发育、运动能力。另一方面,高浓度氟苯尼考的暴露,引起牡蛎幼虫HSP70和Cg-Tal基因相对表达量上调,积极地参与抵抗氟苯尼考暴露引起的应激反应。养殖水环境中抗生素残留可能会影响水生动物早期发育阶段的生长发育及免疫抗性,需提高对养殖水体中抗生素残留危害的认识及监测,进一步加强养殖水体水质的净化。  相似文献   

Larval life span,larval settlement,and early growth of Evechinus chloroticus (Valenciennes)     

M. M. Walker 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):393-397

Development, settlement, and subsequent metamorphosis on several substrata were observed in cultures of Evechinus chloroticus larvae. The period from fertilisation to metamorphosis ranged between 30 and 63 days for larvae collected from spawnings induced at 3 different times. Newly settled sea urchins collected from the field grew about 1 mm per month in aquaria. Correlation of the larval life span with the growth rate of newly settled sea urchins suggested that the earliest spawning could occur was mid‐November. This finding corroborates the results of previous histo‐logical studies of the gonads of adult sea urchins in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand.  相似文献   

Larval shell development of the toheroa,Paphies ventricosa (Gray, 1843) (Mactracea: Mesodesmatidae)     

P. Redfearn 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):241-252

The larval shells of Paphies ventricosa, reared to settlement in the hatchery, are similar in longitudinal profile to shells of some other mactracean larvae; the umbo‐stage larval shells are nearly round with the anterior margin less broadly curved than the posterior margin, the anterior end is longer than the posterior end, and the umbo is broadly rounded. Straight‐hinge larvae had total lengths up to 149 μm, and total heights up to 126 μm, and umbo larvae had total lengths up to 320 μm, and total heights up to 282 μm. The larvae settled in about 22 days at a size of about 270 μm. The larval hinge structure bears some similarities to those of other mactracean larvae.  相似文献   

Preliminary diagnosis of a new species of marine isopod from Stewart Island (note)     

K. P. Jansen 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):261-262

A preliminary diagnosis is given for Paravireia pistus sp. nov.  相似文献   

三氯异氰尿酸对脊尾白虾幼体存活及发育的影响     

张成松  李富花  相建海 《海洋科学》2013,37(9):24-28

三氯异氰尿酸(Trichloroisocyanuric acid ,TCCA)是水产养殖中常用的水质消毒剂, 使用不当会给生产和环境带来危害。为指导脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)人工育苗过程中TCCA 的安全用药,作者利用静水试验法研究了TCCA 对脊尾白虾幼体的急性毒性及对幼体发育的影响。实验设7 个浓度梯度组(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0 mg/L)和1 个空白对照组, 每组3 个平行。急性毒性实验持续96 h 后结束, 用正常育苗海水代替TCCA 溶液, 正常管理直到幼体全部变态为仔虾, 评估短时间的TCCA 处理对脊尾白虾幼体发育的影响。结果表明, TCCA 对脊尾白虾幼体在24、48、72 和96 h 的半致死浓度分别为3.81、3.03、2.71 和2.47 mg/L, 其安全浓度为0.25 mg/L; 随着TCCA 浓度的升高, 脊尾白虾幼体变态存活率显著降低(P<0.05), 但能成功变态为仔虾个体的变态持续时间及仔虾体长与对照组无明显差异(P>0.05)。本实验结果可以为脊尾白虾人工育苗安全用药提供参考和依据。  相似文献   

Nutritional condition of fish larvae in South African estuaries: an appraisal of three biochemical methods     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):377-386

Estuaries are exposed to a number of threats and many South African estuarine systems are functionally and structurally altered. The extent to which fish are affected by these alterations is not fully understood. The estuarine round herring Gilchristella aestuaria is an appropriate species to use when examining such effects. The most widely used approaches to evaluating the nutritional condition of fish larvae are based on biochemical methods. In order to identify the most suitable technique for assessing body condition of fish larvae in estuaries, the nutritional condition of post-flexion larvae of G. aestuaria from the Sundays and Kariega estuaries on the south-east coast of South Africa was evaluated using three different biochemical techniques: (i) total lipid content analysis and the triacylglycerol/cholesterol (TAG/CHOL) ratio; (ii) protein content analysis; and (iii) the RNA/DNA ratio. Results from techniques (ii) and (iii) revealed that G. aestuaria larvae from the Kariega Estuary were in better condition than larvae from the Sundays Estuary, probably due to a recent plankton bloom. It is concluded that the individual RNA/DNA ratio can provide a reliable, sensitive and cost-effective method to assess the immediate effects of environmental changes on the nutritional condition of estuarine fish larvae.  相似文献   

Influence of host fish age on a mussel parasite differs among rivers: Implications for conservation     

《Limnologica》2015

Unionoid mussels are obligate parasites on one or more fish species. The objective was to compare growth and survival of encysted mussel larvae of the freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) on young-of-the-year (YOY) versus one-year old brown trout (Salmo trutta). YOY and one-year old trout from the Brattefors and Lärje Rivers, Sweden, were infested with mussel larvae from their home river. The mass-normalized encystment abundance was higher on YOY trout than on one-year old trout. The proportional decrease in mass-normalized encystment abundance was larger on YOY brown trout from the Brattefors River than on YOY brown trout from the Lärje River. Encystment per individual fish was higher on YOY trout than on one-year old trout from the Brattefors River, whereas this relationship was reversed for trout from the Lärje River. Larval growth was higher on YOY trout than on one-year old trout. There was a larger difference in larval growth between YOY trout and one-year old trout from the Brattefors River than on the brown trout from the Lärje River. The ability to use both YOY and older fish, such as in the Lärje River, may increase the reproduction potential of mussel populations, compared to a reduced ability to use more than one year class, such as in the Brattefors River. This may also affect the dispersal of mussels, as older brown trout often move and migrate to a higher degree within and between rivers. The dispersal potential of mussels may therefore be relatively high in the Lärje River, but low in the Brattefors River. In rivers where the mussels have to rely on YOY brown trout, it could be worth facilitating passage through migration obstacles for YOY brown trout. Infested YOY brown trout could be artificially re-distributed within rivers, to places with former mussel distributions. It could also be worth testing the suitability of brown trout of different age classes when starting breeding programs.  相似文献   

罗氏沼虾仔虾及蚤状Ⅺ期幼体对盐度突变的适应试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘洪军  王金山  王进河  冯蕾 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(1)

本文试验了罗氏沼虾仔虾及Z11期幼体对盐度突变的适应能力。试验结果表明,0．82cm的仔虾由盐度10．8‰放入淡水中及0．98cm的仔虾由淡水直接放放20‰以下盐度水中培育,对虾仔的成活影响不明显;Z11期幼体由盈度17‰直接放入7—17‰盐度水中和由盐度10．8‰放入4—10．8％盐度水中以及淡化后第二天由淡水直接放入17‰盐度水中培育,对幼体的成活率无明显影响,幼体能正常蜕皮变态。  相似文献   

几种神经活性物质对海湾扇贝幼虫变态诱导作用的研究   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

刘保忠  张福绥  何义朝 《海洋学报》1998,20(5):55-60

本文研究了儿茶酚胺类和金属离子对海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导作用,结果显示;外加10-4-10-6mol/dm3的肾上腺素,10-5mol/dm3的去甲肾上腺素和L-多巴具有十分显着的诱导能力;外加10-15mmol/dm3K+和Ca2+处理幼虫一段时间后,对其变态有明显促进作用。实验研究了最适浓度下肾上腺素、L-多巴和KCl不同处理时间对幼虫变态的影响,表明幼虫对肾上腺素和L-多巴表现出很高的敏感性,而对KCl则表现出对时间和剂量较强的依赖性。  相似文献   

蜕皮与中国对虾仔虾肠道杆菌病及肠道堵塞的关系     

张道波  马甡  王克行 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(2):155-160

于１９９６年５月,在青岛市红岛镇后阳育苗场,采用饲养实验的方法对患肠道疾病的中国对虾仔虾的康复进行观察研究。结果表明,中国对虾仔虾的某些肠道疾病的康复与蜕 存在极为密切的关系。肠道杆菌病对虾状幼体和糠虾幼体危害极大,患病个体死亡率为１００％,而患病率的仔虾幼体较高的存活率（３２％）,存活者多数为病症出现时已处蜕皮前期的个体,而在蜕皮间期开始患病的个体极少能发育至蜕皮变态。肠道堵塞是仔虾期纪体的幼体  相似文献