Seasonal variability in somatic and reproductive investment of the bivalve Scrobicularia plana (da Costa, 1778) along a latitudinal gradient     

Sílvia Santos  Joana F.M.F. Cardoso  Célia Carvalho  Pieternella C. Luttikhuizen  Henk W. van der Veer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

Monthly investment in soma and gonads in the bivalve Scrobicularia plana is described for three populations along its distributional range: Minho estuary, Portugal; Westerschelde estuary, The Netherlands and Buvika estuary, Norway. Seasonal cycles in body mass (BMI), somatic mass (SMI) and gonadal mass (GMI) indices were observed for all populations. In Portugal, BMI and SMI peaked in mid-autumn, while in The Netherlands both indices were at their highest in mid-spring. Norway showed a different pattern with two distinct peaks: one in mid-autumn and a second peak in spring. GMI reached maximum values in July in Portugal and Netherlands and in June in Norway. Overall, mean BMI and SMI were lower in Portugal while mean GMI was lower in Norway. The spawning period lasted the whole summer in Portugal, but was shorter (only two months) in The Netherlands and Norway. The reproductive investment in The Netherlands was significantly higher than in Portugal and Norway, with the lowest values being observed in Norway. Differences in annual cycles between populations were attributed to environmental factors, namely temperature and food availability. Temperature seems important in shaping the reproductive pattern with more northern populations showing shorter reproductive periods starting later in the year, and a lower reproductive output. In addition, winter water temperatures can explain the lower mean body and somatic mass values observed in Portugal. Food availability influenced the physiological performance of the species with peaks in somatic mass coinciding with phytoplankton blooms. This relation between physiological performance and environmental factors influences S. plana distribution, densities and even survival, with natural consequences on its commercial importance.  相似文献   

地面磁测在巴西低纬度区铁矿勘查中的应用效果     

张叶鹏  吴頔 《物探化探计算技术》2013,35(5)

通过对巴西某铁矿磁异常的处理分析,总结了层控型磁铁石英岩铁矿的磁异常特征,并利用化极与三维反演相结合的数据处理与分析手段,对磁异常携带的磁性体信息进行了更深的剖析和提取,通过化极结果圈定了磁性分布范围,利用三维反演结果确定了磁性体在地下的展布形态,钻孔验证结果充分说明物探推断的准确性.工作区位于低磁纬度区,这里提出的数据处理方法为低磁纬度区磁异常的认识提供了成功实例.  相似文献   

An overview of physical and ecological processes in the Rio de la Plata Estuary     

E. Marcelo Acha  Hermes Mianzan  Raúl Guerrero  José Carreto  Diego Giberto  Norma Montoya  Mario Carignan 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

The Rio de la Plata is a large-scale estuary located at 35°S on the Atlantic coast of South America. This system is one of the most important estuarine environments in the continent, being a highly productive area that sustains valuable artisanal and coastal fisheries in Uruguay and Argentina. The main goals of this paper are to summarize recent knowledge on this estuary, integrating physical, chemical and biological studies, and to explore the sources and ecological meaning of estuarine variability associated to the stratification/mixing alternateness in the estuary. We summarized unpublished data and information from several bibliographic sources. From study cases representing different stratification conditions, we draw a holistic view of physical patterns and ecological processes of the stratification/mixing alternateness. This estuary is characterized by strong vertical salinity stratification most of the time (the salt-wedge condition). The head of the estuary is characterized by a well-developed turbidity front. High turbidity constrains their photosynthesis. Immediately offshore the turbidity front, water becomes less turbid and phytoplankton peaks. As a consequence, trophic web in the estuary could be based on two sources of organic matter: phytoplankton and plant detritus. Dense plankton aggregations occur below the halocline and at the tip of the salt wedge. The mysid Neomysis americana, a key prey for juvenile fishes, occurs all along the turbidity front. A similar spatial pattern is shown by one of the most abundant benthic species, the clam Mactra isabelleana. These species could be taken advantage of the particulate organic matter and/or phytoplankton concentrated near the front. Nekton is represented by a rich fish community, with several fishes breeding inside the estuary. The most important species in terms of biomass is Micropogonias furnieri, the main target for the coastal fisheries of Argentina and Uruguay. Two processes have been identified as producing partially stratified conditions: persistent moderate winds (synoptic scale), or low freshwater runoff (interannual scale). Less frequently, total mixing of the salt wedge occurs after several hours of strong winds. The co-dominance of diatoms (which proliferate in highly turbulent environments) and red tides dinoflagellates and other bloom taxa (better adapted to stratified conditions), would indicate great variability in the turbulence strength, probably manifested as pulses. Microplankton and ichthyoplankton assemblages defined for the stratified condition are still recognized during the partially mixed condition, but in this case they occupy the entire water column: vertical structure of the plankton featuring the stratified condition become lost. Bottom fish assemblages, on the contrary, shows persistence under the different stratification conditions, though the dominant species of the groups show some variations. Summarizing, the Río de la Plata Estuary is a highly variable environment, strongly stratified most of the time but that can be mixed in some few hours by strong wind events that occur in an unpredictable manner, generating stratification/partially mixed (less frequently totally mixed) pulses all along the year. At larger temporal scales, the system is under the effects of river discharge variations associated to the ENSO cycle, but their ecological consequences are not fully studied.  相似文献   

中国近46年冬季气温序列变化的研究   总被引：24，自引：4，他引：20  

周自江  王颖 《南京气象学院学报》2000,23(1):106-112

利用１９５１～１９９７年中国大陆６９５个站的实测气温资料和纬度余弦加权平均法建立了全国及８个区域近４６扑冬季气温的时间序列,并对其变化特征作了分析研究。结果表明：我国冬季气温总体上呈非连续的增暖趋势。线性变化约为０．１５５℃。（１０ａ）＾－１,９０年代较５０年代约上升了０．６１℃,其中１９８５年以后地肝极为明显;冬季气温变暖不完全是由夜间最低气温引起的,最高气温的变化也是近期气温增暖的重要特征;青  相似文献   

实测大气折射值的新方法     

穆军  冒蔚  铁琼仙  杨磊 《天文研究与技术》2004,1(4):282-288

简单评述了现有各种版本的大气折射表所依据的理论基础和编制方法，指出了实测大气折射值、建立随地形而异的实测大气折射模型的必要性和应具备的基本条件；在分析了长期以来不能直接测定大气折射值的原因后，介绍了一种在不同方向精确测定大气折射值和建立观测点大气折射模型的新方法，以及所依赖的观测仪器具备的特性，最后给出了用实测数据建立的本地大气折射模型。  相似文献   

中纬度造山带地区的长期化学风化——中亚和北美的对比研究     

孙晨  朱秉启 《地质学报》2024,98(6):1880-1892

长期化学风化速率（LCWR）和化学风化剥蚀率（CDF）是表征区域化学风化程度和揭示地貌和气候系统演变的重要依据。全球尺度上,中纬度地区的长期化学风化研究远比低纬地区争议更多,原因之一是其风化机制在理论认识上仍存在不确定性,特别是造山带地区的长期化学风化与物理侵蚀、构造、气候之间的关系等。本文利用地球化学质量平衡方法,针对北半球中纬度典型造山带（中亚黑河流域和北美内华达山脉）开展了相关数据和资料的系统整理与再分析,估算了黑河流域的LCWR值和物理侵蚀速率（E）值并与内华达山脉进行了对比研究。分析结果表明,黑河流域、内华达山脉的LCWR分别为17. 4~895 t/km2/a、1~173 t/km2/a,CDF分别为0. 17~0. 81、0. 02~0. 61,LCWR与E均显著正相关,与海拔高度、年均温度、年均降水量等仅局部相关。研究区的长期化学风化主要表现为“供应受限型”风化,但黑河流域局部地区已处于“供应受限”与“动力学受限”过渡的风化阶段。结合回归分析结果和已有成果的综合分析,中纬度造山带地区的长期化学风化速率受到地质、气候等因素的协同影响,但主控因素为地质因素,而化学风化剥蚀率则主要受控于其他因素。  相似文献   

自由波核章动的光学和新技术检测     

萧耐园  张捍卫 《天文学报》1996,(4)

本文应用当今最高精度的经典仪器光学观测资料、新技术的综合观测资料和单一的ＶＬＢＩ观测资料检测了自由液核章动，得到其周期为４１５—４１８天，分析了其运动形态为逆向的圆周运动，并计算了其振幅为亚毫秒级．  相似文献   

The correlation of whistler occurrence rate at a low latitude with thunderstorm activity at its conjugate region and with solar activity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kenji Ohta  Masashi Hayakawa 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,133(1):167-178

The correlations of occurrence rate of whistlers in January during one solar cycle (1977–1987) at a low latitude station (Yamaoka, geomag. lat. 25°, L=1.26) with thunderstorm activity near its conjugate region and also with solar activity have been investigated, and it is found that the occurrence rate has no correlation with the lightning flashes near the conjugate point, while it is negatively correlated with solar activity. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the ionospheric absorption is of major importance in the long-term variation of whistler occurrence rate, with the duct formation being of secondary effect, while the lightning activity is only a necessary condition for whistler occurrence.  相似文献   

基于WGS-84椭球面的退化四叉树经纬线格网剖分     

胡佰林  王春波  赵学胜  崔马军 《测绘学报》2016,45(Z1):32-39

针对数字地球的发展和解决全球问题的需求,给出了一种基于WGS-84椭球面的全球离散格网剖分方法——退化四叉树经纬线格网;分析了格网剖分的特点,明确了格网单元行列定义和经纬度坐标;计算出不同剖分层次格网单元面积、边长的变化情况并与基于正球面的剖分进行了对比。结果表明该格网系统具有粒度相对均匀性、层次嵌套性、方向一致性、地理条带性和对称性、广泛数据兼容性等许多优良特征,对构建全球地理信息系统具有一定的实用价值。  相似文献   

Is beach-spawning success for capelin, Mallotus villosus (Muller), a function of the beach?     

Nakashima  Brian S.; Taggart  Christopher T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(5):897-908

  相似文献