Response of the cladoceran community to trophic state change in Lake Apopka, Florida     

Byron C. Shumate  Claire L. Schelske  Thomas L. Crisman  William F. Kenney 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2002,27(1):71-77

A paleolimnological evaluation of cladoceran microfossils was initiated to study limnological changes in Lake Apopka, a large (125 km²), shallow (mean depth = 1.6 m), warm, polymictic lake in central Florida. The lake switched from macrophyte to algal dominance in the late 1940s, creating a Sediment Discontinuity Layer (SDL) that can be visually used to separate sediments derived from macrophytes and phytoplankton. Cladoceran microfossils were enumerated as a means of corroborating extant eutrophication data from the sediment record. Inferences about the timing and trajectory of eutrophication were made using the cladoceran-based paleo-reconstruction. The cladoceran community of Lake Apopka began to change abruptly in both total abundance and relative percent abundance just before the lake shifted from macrophyte to algal dominance. Alona affinis, a mud-vegetation associated cladoceran, disappeared before the SDL was formed. Planktonic and benthic species also began to increase below the SDL, indicating an increase in production of both planktonic and benthic species. Chydorus cf. sphaericus, an indicator of nutrient loading, increased relative to all other cladocerans beginning in the layer below the SDL and continuing upcore. Changes in the transitional sediment layer formed before the lake switched to phytoplankton dominance, including an increase in total phosphorus concentration, suggest a more gradual eutrophication process than previously reported. Data from this study supported conclusions from other paleolimnological studies that suggested anthropogenic phosphorus loading was the key factor in the hypereutrophication of Lake Apopka.  相似文献   

A critical state interpretation for the cyclic liquefaction resistance of silty sands   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

George D. Bouckovalas  Konstantinos I. Andrianopoulos  Achilleas G. Papadimitriou 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(2):115-125

Contrary to many laboratory investigations, common empirical correlations from in situ tests consider that the increase in the percentage of fines leads to an increase of the cyclic liquefaction resistance of sands. This paper draws upon the integrated Critical State Soil Mechanics framework in order to study this seemingly not univocal effect. Firstly the effect of fines on the Critical State Line (CSL) is studied through a statistical analysis of a large data set of published monotonic triaxial tests. The results show that increasing the content of non-plastic fines practically leads to a clockwise rotation of the CSL in (e–ln p) space. The implication of this effect on cyclic liquefaction resistance is subsequently evaluated with the aid of a properly calibrated critical state elasto-plastic constitutive model, as well as a large number of published experimental results and in situ empirical correlations. Both sets of data show clearly that a fines content, less than about 30% by weight, may prove beneficial at relatively small effective stresses (p₀<50–70 kPa), such as the in situ stresses prevailing in most liquefaction case studies, and detrimental at larger confining stresses, i.e. the stresses usually considered in laboratory tests. To the extent of these findings, a correction factor is proposed for the practical evaluation of liquefaction resistance in terms of the fines content and the mean effective confining stress.  相似文献   

地震荷载作用下温度和围压对冻土强度影响的试验研究   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：6  

吴志坚  马巍  王兰民  程建君  冯文杰 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):648-652

通过对重塑冻结兰州黄土的动三轴试验，较系统研究了地震荷载作用下冻土的动强度特性，并且定量研究了其在不同温度(-2℃、-5℃、-7℃)和围压(1MPa、3MPa、5MPa)条件下的变化规律．结果发现：冻结黄土的动抗剪强度随围压的增大、温度的降低、振次的减少而增大；动粘聚力Cd随振次的减小和温度的降低而增大；动内摩擦角吼随振次的增大和温度的降低而增大。  相似文献   

专题地图的生产制作     

吕孟旭 《测绘与空间地理信息》2003,26(1):33-35

介绍使用计算机制作专题地图的工艺流程,及计算机制图在印刷前的生产制作的工作步骤和方法,指出了在制作中需要注意的事项,对出版高质量的地图在各环节如何加以控制提出了建议。  相似文献   

PowerBuilder中MapInfo的跨平台集成地图技术的实现     

孙雁  徐智勇  吴小芳 《测绘与空间地理信息》2003,26(2):26-28

随着地理信息系统的广泛应用,越来越多的大型系统中都需要集成地图的某些功能,为此探讨了在PowerBuilder中MapInfo的跨平台集成地图技术的实现。  相似文献   

基于约束点的曲线一致性化简   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

应申  李霖 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(4):488-491

详细探讨了基于平面上的特征约束点(无论在曲线上还是在曲线外)的曲线化简，并针对各种情况提出了一致性化简的方法。  相似文献   

地图数字化数据处理的相关平差与精度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余晓红 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(5):555-558

根据地图数字化坐标转换方法、转换所得地面坐标平差方法 ,得到数字化数据处理的几种方案 ,对不同方案的计算结果进行比较 ,讨论了相关性对平差结果的影响 ,并对数字化数据的精度评定进行了分析  相似文献   

用于监控多移动目标的电子地图系统     

杨龙  董绪荣 《全球定位系统》2003,28(1):32-36

介绍了一种监控移动目标的电子地图系统，该系统利用独特的方法对地图文件进行组织，该方法易于程序管理和查找地图文件，并可动态添加地图文件，系统采用的串口通信方式使用方法灵活，应用简便，实际应用结果表明系统可靠，运行稳定。  相似文献   

基于ArcView的专题地图的制作   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨明  何宗宜  陈江华 《现代测绘》2003,26(3):32-33,35

本文探讨了在ArcView环境下专题地图的制作工艺方法和ArcView在制图中的相关应用。  相似文献   

在MapInfo中实现区域对象样点布设功能   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王唤良  朱建军  张贵 《测绘工程》2003,12(4):30-32

随着GIS在森林资源管理中应用的不断深入，在GIS系统中实现林业专业抽样设计功能是非常必要的。本文使用MapBasic鳊程语言实现三种样点布设功能。操作时，用鼠标点击欲布样点区域，在弹出对话框中作出回答，就能得到样点布设图和样点坐标表。  相似文献