对甘肃矿山生态保护修复资金管理的思考及建议          下载免费PDF全文

梁廷栋 《甘肃地质》2021,(4):94-97

矿山开采生产的生态保护与修复工作,涉及自然资源、生态环境、水利、林草等多部门,结合矿政管理工作实际,梳理了矿山生态保护修复资金类型,总结剖析了目前不同部门分头管理存在的问题,在此基础上,提出应整合各部门矿山生态保护修复方案及资金,形成管理合力,把生态保护修复工作贯穿到从地质勘查、矿山建设、开采、闭坑、管护的全过程,边开采边治理,整体保护,综合整治,系统修复。  相似文献   

Selection of sand models and identification of parameters using an enhanced genetic algorithm          下载免费PDF全文

Yin‐Fu Jin  Zhen‐Yu Yin  Shui‐Long Shen  Pierre‐Yves Hicher 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(8):1219-1240

Numerous constitutive models of granular soils have been developed during the last few decades. As a consequence, how to select an appropriate model with the necessary features based on conventional tests and with an easy way of identifying parameters for geotechnical applications has become a major issue. This paper aims to discuss the selection of sand models and parameters identification by using genetic algorithm. A real‐coded genetic algorithm is enhanced for the optimization with high efficiency. Models with gradually varying features (elastic‐perfectly plastic modelling, nonlinear stress–strain hardening, critical state concept and two‐surface concept) are selected from numerous sand models as examples for optimization. Conventional triaxial tests on Hostun sand are selected as the objectives in the optimization. Four key points are then discussed in turn: (i) which features are necessary to be accounted for in constitutive modelling of sand; (ii) which type of tests (drained and/or undrained) should be selected for an optimal identification of parameters; (iii) what is the minimum number of tests that should be selected for parameter identification; and (iv) what is the suitable and least strain level of objective tests to obtain reliable and reasonable parameters. Finally, a useful guide, based on all comparisons, is provided at the end of the discussion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Fuzzy Optimization Neural Network Approach for Ice Forecast in the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River/Approche d'Optimisation Floue de Réseau de Neurones pour la Prévision de la Glace Dans le Tronçon de Mongolie Intérieure du Fleuve Jaune     

《水文科学杂志》2013,58(2)

Abstract

In ice forecasting, a key problem is the forecast of freeze-up and break-up dates. Ice-water mechanics and the principle of heat-exchange were mainly adopted in previous research. However, the mathematical models in these studies are complex and many parameters are required in relation to upstream and/or downstream gauging stations. Moreover, too many assumptions or simplifications for these parameters and constraints directly lead to low accuracy of the models and limitations as to their practical applications. This paper develops a fuzzy optimization neural network approach for the forecast of freeze-up date and break-up date. The Inner Mongolia reach lies in the top north of the Yellow River, China. Almost every year ice floods occur because of its special geographical location, hydrometeorological conditions and river course characteristics. Therefore, it is of particular importance for ice flood prevention to forecast freeze-up date and break-up date accurately. A case study in this region shows that the proposed methodology may allow obtaining useful results.  相似文献   

A generalized conditional intensity measure approach and holistic ground‐motion selection     

Brendon A. Bradley 《地震工程与结构动力学》2010,39(12):1321-1342

A generalized conditional intensity measure (GCIM) approach is proposed for use in the holistic selection of ground motions for any form of seismic response analysis. The essence of the method is the construction of the multivariate distribution of any set of ground‐motion intensity measures conditioned on the occurrence of a specific ground‐motion intensity measure (commonly obtained from probabilistic seismic hazard analysis). The approach therefore allows any number of ground‐motion intensity measures identified as important in a particular seismic response problem to be considered. A holistic method of ground‐motion selection is also proposed based on the statistical comparison, for each intensity measure, of the empirical distribution of the ground‐motion suite with the ‘target’ GCIM distribution. A simple procedure to estimate the magnitude of potential bias in the results of seismic response analyses when the ground‐motion suite does not conform to the GCIM distribution is also demonstrated. The combination of these three features of the approach make it entirely holistic in that: any level of complexity in ground‐motion selection for any seismic response analysis can be exercised; users explicitly understand the simplifications made in the selected suite of ground motions; and an approximate estimate of any bias associated with such simplifications is obtained. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于梯度分析法的长江上游水库群供水-发电-环境互馈关系解析   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

何中政  周建中  贾本军  张勇传 《水科学进展》1990,31(4):601-610

长江上游水资源耦合系统优化调控涉及供水、发电和生态需水等相互竞争、不可公度的调控目标。其供水-发电-环境互馈协变机制难以数学解析和刻画，多维目标效益均衡优化调控难以实施。为此，以多目标优化、运筹学理论及方法为基础，提出了基于梯度分析法的供水-发电-环境两两互馈关系研究方法。通过多目标约束优化方法求解长江上游水库群联合优化调度在供水-发电-环境目标空间的最优解集，并进行插值构造了供水-发电-环境互馈关系多维空间曲面，以此为基础，采用一阶差分近似求解供水对环境和发电对环境偏导函数值，以量化环境对供水变化和发电变化响应的梯度，进而解析环境-供水和环境-发电间互馈协变关系。该方法为水库群优化调度多目标互馈关系研究提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

蔚县矿区岩溶水供排结合研究     

Chi Baomlng 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1989,(1)

本文从系统观点出发,分析了矿区岩溶水供排结合的水文地质条件,提出了以供代排,合理的规划蔚县矿区地下水资源的供排结合方案。应用有限元数值模拟与最优化技术建立供排结合水量规划的教学模型,求出了蔚县矿区最佳水源地位置和最佳的供水开采量与疏干量,实现了较好的经济效益。  相似文献   

An application of Karmarkar's interior-point linear programming algorithm for multi-reservoir operations optimization     

K. Ponnambalam  A. Vannelli  T. E. Unny 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1989,3(1):17-29

Optimization of multi-reservoir systems operations is typically a very large scale optimization problem. The following are the three types of optimization problems solved using linear programming (LP): (i) deterministic optimization for multiple periods involving fine stage intervals, for example, from an hour to a week (ii) implicit stochastic optimization using multiple years of inflow data, and (iii) explicit stochastic optimization using probability distributions of inflow data. Until recently, the revised simplex method has been the most efficient solution method available for solving large scale LP problems. In this paper, we show that an implementation of the Karmarkar's interior-point LP algorithm with a newly developed stopping criterion solves optimization problems of large multi-reservoir operations more efficiently than the simplex method. For example, using a Micro VAX II minicomputer, a 40 year, monthly stage, two-reservoir system optimization problem is solved 7.8 times faster than the advanced simplex code in MINOS 5.0. The advantage of this method is expected to be greater as the size of the problem grows from two reservoirs to multiples of reservoirs. This paper presents the details of the implementation and testing and in addition, some other features of the Karmarkar's algorithm which makes it a valuable optimization tool are illuminated.  相似文献   

A multi-objective second-order optimal design for deforming networks   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peiliang Xu  Erik Grafarend 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,120(3):577-589

  相似文献   

沙漠边缘地区果园幼树越冬技术措施的研究     

刘育昌 《中国沙漠》1995,15(4):414-418

调控２年生苹果树灌水次数、时期和土壤管理试验，使７月下旬１００ｃｍ上层含水量为土壤田间持水量的５０％左右，促进幼树根系向下生长、新梢适时停止生长、提早进入休眠准备；１０月上旬冬灌，下旬耕翻土壤、提高地温和降低冻土厚度，下旬耕翻土壤、提高地温和降低冻土厚度，使苹果幼树正常越冬率由对照的５２．４％提高到９７．１％，差异极显著。  相似文献   

HEIFE绿洲区太阳总辐射和地表反射率的分光谱特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

江灏 《高原气象》1993,12(2):156-161

太阳辐射的分光测量在许多研究和应用领域中都具有十分重要的意义．本文利用HEIFE临泽子站进行的太阳总辐射和反射辐射的分光观测资料，研究了黑河绿洲区太阳总辐射和地表反射率的光谱特征．研究结果表明：在太阳总辐射的光谱能量分布中，紫外和可见光部分的比倒偏小，近红外部分则偏太．在其从冬到夏的季节变化中紫外和可见光部分是由小到大，近红外部分剐是由大到小。在其日变化中0．5μm以下波段是中午大早晚小；0．7μm以上波段是中午小，早晚大；0．5-0．7μm波段的日变化不明显。紫外波段的相对日变化幅度最大．地表反射率的光谱特性有明显的季节变化，变化特征与地表植被状况有关．各波段地表反射率的日变化型有一定的季节差异，其中波长小于0．7μm部分较为明显，并与地表植被状况有关．在裸露地表各波段反射率与太阳高度角的关系中，近红外波段随太阳高度角增加而增大，紫外和可见光波段则随太阳高度角增大而减小．全波段反射率随太阳高度角增大而增大主要是近红外波段的贡献．这是裸露地表光谱反射率的重要特征之一。  相似文献