THE MODELING STUDY OF DOWNBURST^*     

Xu Huanbin  Wei Shaoyuan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,10(1):108-117

Downburst is a very dangerous weather phenomenon for aeroplane taking off or landing. In order to understand the initial formation and evolution of downburst and to study the effects of atmospheric environment condition and the microstructure of cloud-precipitation particles on the downburst development processes, we have designed and carried out a modeling scheme by making use of our own non-hydrostatic compressible mesoscale-γ model including necessary cloud-precipitation processes. The initial conditions of temperature, humidity and wind are from an observation case in which the downburst occurred. The results of computations demonstrate the evolution of downburst and show the variation of various environmental and microphysical parameters. Some of the mechanisms about the downburst occurrence have been obtained. Computation results may help airport forecasters to determine the occurrence of downburst better.  相似文献   

Role of the midnight sun: comparative growth of pelagic juvenile cod (Gadus morhua) from the Arcto-Norwegian and a Nova Scotian stock     

Suthers  Iain M.; Sundby  Svein 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》1996,53(5):827-836

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Intercalibration of age readings of deepwater black scabbardfish, Aphanopus carbo (Lowe, 1839)     

Morales-Nin  B.; Canha  A; Casas  M.; Figuereido  I.; Gordo  L. S.; Gordon  J. D. M.; Gouveia  E.; Pineiro  C. G.; Reis  S.; Reis  A.; Swan  S. C. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(2):352-364

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黄河沉积粉土渗透系数变化研究     

陈勇  单红仙  贾永刚 《海洋湖沼通报》2005,(4):15-22

现代黄河三角洲以粉质类土沉积为主，土体渗透系数是三角洲上进行工程开发活动时需要考虑的主要参数之一，其变化规律目前还缺乏系统的研究。本文采集原状土样，利用模拟加栽渗透实验，研究固结压力、渗透压力对黄河三角洲粉质土渗透系数的影响，得到土样在不同方向上渗透系数随固结压力和渗透压力的变化规律，并通过扫描电镜试验，从微观结构上探讨了土体渗透系数变化规律的机理。  相似文献   

Microstructure characteristics of illite from Chuanlinggou Formation of Changcheng System in Jixian County, Tianjin City     

CHEN Tao  WANG HeJing 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(10)

The microstructure charateristics of illite from the Chuanlinggou Formation of Changcheng System (Chch) in Jixian County, Tianjin City has been studied by means of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The Kübler index of "illite crystallinity" is 0.505°△2θ, which indicates that the host rock is in a middle diagenetic stage. The chemical analyses of EDS for illite studied indicate a heavily absent in interlayer cation and an average chemical formula of K0.57(Al1.80Mg0.42Fe2 0.12)Σ=2.34 (Si2.92Al1.08)Σ=4O10(OH)2. It is found, from one-dimensional lattice images, that the layers of illite not only stack in a flat way but also in a curving way. A "matting fabric" illite structure results from stacking faults. Combined with SAED analysis the illite studied can be affirmed as 1M illite. The two-dimensional lattice images are obtained from [100] and [110] incidences, whose lattice images have the same d-values but different intersecting angles. The two-dimensional lattice image with [100] incidence is orthogonal to each other, whilst that with [110] incidence is oblique. This paper provides some important structure information of authigenic clay minerals for the well-known mesoproterozoic section of Jixian County.  相似文献   

四川软玉猫眼的显微结构及扫描电镜研究     

卢保奇  亓利剑  夏义本  翁臻培 《上海国土资源》2007,(2):64-67

对四川软玉猫眼进行电子探针分析、扫描电镜和偏光显微镜研究,结果表明软玉猫眼主要由透闪石组成。岩石薄片观察表明,透闪石主要呈近于平行定向排列的显微纤维状,显微纤维变晶结构是软玉呈现猫眼效应的根本原因。透闪石的形成有不同的期次:早期为短柱状,呈斑状变晶;中期为片状,呈集合体对短柱状交代。晚期为近于平行定向排列的纤维状。扫描电镜分析表明透闪石纤维相互穿插绞合是玉石表现出高韧性和较强抗断裂性能的主要因素。  相似文献   

Exhuming the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt: the importance of tectonic discontinuities   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S. WALLIS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1998,16(1):83-95

Tectonic processes that have been proposed to explain the transport to the surface of regional metamorphic belts can be broadly divided into two types. (i) Corner-flow within a convergent margin bounded by two essentially rigid plates associated with extension at shallow levels. This type of model assumes deformation is distributed throughout the margin and that any discontinuities are of secondary importance. (ii) Expulsion or extrusion of coherent metamorphic nappes. In this second idea, tectonic discontinuities are fundamental in the transport to the surface of metamorphic rocks. The wealth of geological data available from a variety of studies in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, southwest Japan makes it well-suited for studying the relative importance of continuous vs. discontinuous deformation in the process of exhumation. In the Sanbagawa belt a sudden decrease in metamorphic pressure going down section of several kilobars suggests the presence of a major tectonic contact separating two major regional nappes: an overlying higher-pressure Besshi nappe and an underlying lower-pressure Oboke nappe. Major tectonic discontinuities have also been proposed within the Besshi nappe, however, indicators of metamorphic temperature, the results of radiometric age dating, and microstructural studies all suggest that post-metamorphic discontinuities are minor and that this nappe formed and remained as an essentially coherent unit. Lithological associations and petrological studies suggest the following positions for the two nappes. The Besshi nappe formed deep within the former accretionary wedge, adjacent to the overlying mantle wedge, and with a dip of roughly 30 °C. In contrast, the Oboke nappe formed at moderate depths within the accretionary wedge, was distant from the mantle wedge, and was roughly horizontal. Penetrative deformation that post-dates the peak of metamorphism has affected nearly all of the Sanbagawa belt and has played an important role in its exhumation. However, the presence of a broad coherent Besshi nappe overlying the lower-pressure Oboke nappe suggests that some process such as buoyancy-driven extrusion was also important in the exhumation process and in forming the structure of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt.  相似文献   

碱性长石Al—Si有序化进程中微结构和^29Si NMR谱的表现   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

薛纪越  周玲棣 《矿物学报》1998,18(3):261-267

笔者用Ｘ射线粉末衍射技术,对六个天然钾长石中的铝在Ｔ１Ｏ四面体位置的占位率进行了测定,它们的Ｔ１Ｏ值从０．２８变化到０．７９。对它们的透射电子显微镜研究表明,两个Ｔ１Ｏ为０．２８和０．３１的高透长石有对电子束异常过敏的调制结构,无法记录到它们的衍射像,在另外三个样品中,都见到芦席状结构,并夹杂着具一定宽度的片晶组成的格子双晶。片晶宽度随Ｔ１Ｏ的变大而增加。而在产于一个霞石正长岩中的正长石中没有观察  相似文献   

山东五莲碱性三元长石的微结构研究     

蔡元峰  周玲棣 《地质论评》1998,44(5):536-541

笔者对产于山东五莲县七宝山辉石二长岩中的碱性长石进行了电子探针,Ｘ射线衍射,透射电子显微镜以及＾２９ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ谱研究,确定五莲碱性三元长石（Ｏｒ５０．３,Ａｂ４４．３Ａｎ５．４）为钾长石和钠长石共格出溶连晶,其基体钾长石为单斜对称,在透射电子显微镜下未见其呈现任何微结构,而在钠长石中见到宽度为１０．４ｎｍ（钠长石的８ｂ０）的片晶相互形成周期钠长石律双晶,钠长石叶片的宽度平均为３９ｎｍ（ｎ＝４  相似文献   

固化软土微观结构效应   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李振  王清  范建华  刘莹  陈慧娥 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2004,34(4):587-591

为了尽快提高地基加固的效率,对吹填土采用水泥和石灰进行快速加固,对加入添加剂固化后吹填土的微观结构应用计算机图像处理技术进行了定量分析,得出了袁征结构单元体和孔隙大小、形态及定向性等结构要素的定量评价指标.不同的添加剂含量对结构单元体大小的影响较大,当水泥掺入比为15%而石灰的掺入比为20%时,添加剂的胶结作用表现最好;添加剂的加入使得孔隙变小,结构变得比较致密,固化后土体强度得到了一定提高.  相似文献