红河州气候康养资源时空分布特征分析与效应评价          下载免费PDF全文

李刚  李文平  赵盛彬  蒋欣芸  施元浩 《中低纬山地气象》2023,47(5):23-31

基于红河州各县市30年常规气象观测资料和医疗数据,根据人体舒适度、旅游气候适宜度等指标规范,对全州气候康养资源的分布特征进行了挖掘,对其康养效应进行了初步探析与评估。研究结果表明：（1）红河州13县市气候康养资源具有空间差异性,其中,金平县、个旧市、绿春县、泸西县、屏边县均全年无夏,适宜避暑为主的康养;而河口县、元阳县、开远市、红河县全年无冬,适宜避寒为主的康养;蒙自市、建水县、弥勒市、石屏县则为四季温和型“春城”气候,四季康养皆宜。（2）全州舒适期长达7个月,属于四季全域康养旅游目的地,其中最适宜旅游月份是2-4月和9-11月。（3）全州平均期望寿命排在前三位的金平县、泸西县、个旧市3个县市,其春秋季节天数都在300天以上,均属于春秋型气候养生区;其中排在第一位的金平县,百岁老人最多,被认定为云南首个“长寿之乡”。（4）心脑血管疾病发生率与气侯舒适性关系密切,气候不适天数较多（舒适天数较少）的地区心脑血管疾病发生率也较高。此项研究既可为欲去红河州进行气候康养者提供重要参考,又可为当地康养产业发展提高科学依据,也为刚刚开始的气候康养研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Cost-benefit analysis in the context of ecosystem services for human well-being: A multidisciplinary critique     

Giulia Wegner  Unai Pascual 《Global Environmental Change》2011,21(2):492-504

This paper provides a critique of the cost-benefit analysis tool for ecosystem services policy evaluation. We argue that when applied to public ecosystem services, the theoretical assumptions that underlie economic valuation and cost-benefit analysis fail to fully acknowledge the multiple dimensions of human well-being, the plural forms of value articulation, the complex nature of ecosystems, the distributional biases of markets and the fairness implications of spatio-temporal framing. The current monistic utilitarian approach to ecosystem services policy evaluation should therefore be replaced by a pluralist framework composed of a heterogeneous set of value-articulating instruments that are appropriate to the specific context within which decision-making takes place. It is argued that within this pluralist framework cost-benefit analysis may remain an appropriate tool to examine the contingent trade-offs of local policies that have limited impacts on ecosystems and their services.  相似文献   

Social preferences regarding the delivery of ecosystem services in a semiarid Mediterranean region     

A.J. Castro  B. Martín-LópezM. García-LLorente  P.A. AguileraE. López  J. Cabello 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1201-1208

The valuation of ecosystem services has primarily been conducted within the context of the economic value of these services to society. Ecosystem services research has since advanced to identify conflicts of interest between different sectors of society while prioritizing conservation actions. This approach can be important in semiarid ecosystems, where biodiversity conservation can be hindered by a lack of community awareness. In the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula, conservation is perceived by society as a barrier to the economic development provided by agricultural or tourism activities. We use the contingent valuation method to identify community perception and economic values of different ecosystem services provided by semiarid ecosystems in the south-eastern Iberian Peninsula. This method identifies the perceptions of individuals benefiting from ecosystem services and examines their willingness to pay for the maintaining of these ecosystem services. Results showed that most respondents recognized the importance of services to human well-being and were willing to conserve these services. Preferences for maintaining water and air quality showed that respondents understood the relationship between the conservation of ecosystem services and local well-being. However, responses varied greatly across categories of beneficiaries; this finding highlights a potential conflict of interest that should be considered in any decision-making processes.  相似文献   

方差分量估计建立整体估价价格体系的新方法     

耿继进  ;张伟  ;李妍  ;周定杰 《测绘信息与工程》2014,(5):36-39

随着房地产市场的发展,房地产估价的研究逐渐深入。如何更好地、科学地、快速地对大量房地产价格进行评估已成为现实的问题。一般的平差模型对已有数据的利用率不高,当存在多类观测值时,不同观测值的随机模型的确定是否合理会严重影响结果的精度。基于房地产整体估价的思想,提出了方差分量估计建立价格体系的新方法。通过对两类观测值进行试验,一类通过比价系数求得价格差建立观测方程;一类由价格直接建立观测方程。结果分析表明,新方法能够实现不同观测值的权值自动调整,精度更高,可靠性更强。  相似文献   

Study on applying optimal path to land valuation     

Wang Wei  Dong Fei  Shi Lite  Cao Fang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2013,16(1):49-54

As an important role in the urban land price system, the basic land price appraisal directs and reflects all kinds of land price in the real estate market. Using geographic information systems (GIS) with algorithms and powerful analysis functions to valuate land will improve the rationality and convenience of land valuation. The objective of the study on basic land price using the optimal path algorithm is to decrease the manmade error, enhance automatization, avoid make inconvenience by roadblock object.  相似文献   

Application of non-market valuation to California's coastal policy decisions     

N. Raheem  S. Colt  E. Fleishman  J. Talberth  P. Swedeen  K.J. Boyle  M. Rudd  R.D. Lopez  D. Crocker  D. Bohan  T. O'Higgins  C. Willer  R.M. Boumans 《Marine Policy》2012

Regulatory agencies in the United States do not generally consider economic values of ecosystem services in their policy decisions. We report the results of a collaborative effort by a team of economists, conservation biologists, and staff members of the California Ocean Protection Council to provide spatially explicit and policy-relevant values for ecosystem services generated in coastal regions in California. We developed a matrix in which the rows are types of ecosystem services and the columns are types of marine ecosystems along the California coast. Where possible, we populated this matrix with ecosystem service values per unit of area drawn from the economics literature. We then evaluated whether the values for given services, in given ecosystems, could be reasonably approximated by applying the replacement cost or the avoided cost method. Reported values of coastal ecosystems varied widely, and much of the valuation research did not address specific ecosystem services. Even when ecosystem services were explicitly addressed, the services often were not described or valued in a spatially explicit manner. These results suggest that rigorous application of non-market values to policy decisions requires original valuation studies for specific services in specific ecosystems. Where original, place-based valuation studies are not possible, valuation by replacement or avoided cost methods is feasible for some ecosystem services.  相似文献   

Quantitative landslide risk assessment and mapping on the basis of recent occurrences   总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6  

Juan Remondo  Jaime Bonachea  Antonio Cendrero 《Geomorphology》2008,94(3-4):496

A quantitative procedure for mapping landslide risk is developed from considerations of hazard, vulnerability and valuation of exposed elements. The approach based on former work by the authors, is applied in the Bajo Deba area (northern Spain) where a detailed study of landslide occurrence and damage in the recent past (last 50 years) was carried out. Analyses and mapping are implemented in a Geographic Information System (GIS).The method is based on a susceptibility model developed previously from statistical relationships between past landslides and terrain parameters related to instability. Extrapolations based on past landslide behaviour were used to calculate failure frequency for the next 50 years. A detailed inventory of direct damage due to landslides during the study period was carried out and the main elements at risk in the area identified and mapped. Past direct (monetary) losses per type of element were estimated and expressed as an average ‘specific loss’ for events of a given magnitude (corresponding to a specified scenario). Vulnerability was assessed by comparing losses with the actual value of the elements affected and expressed as a fraction of that value (0–1).From hazard, vulnerability and monetary value, risk was computed for each element considered. Direct risk maps (€/pixel/year) were obtained and indirect losses from the disruption of economic activities due to landslides assessed. The final result is a risk map and table combining all losses per pixel for a 50-year period. Total monetary value at risk for the Bajo Deba area in the next 50 years is about 2.4 × 10⁶ Euros.  相似文献   

Are African penguins worth saving? The ecotourism value of the Boulders Beach colony     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):497-504

Populations of the African penguin Spheniscus demersus have decreased dramatically over the past century, due in part to competition for food with commercial fisheries, and the species is now endangered as a result. Economic arguments are used to favour fisheries over the needs of penguins, but penguins have direct value to the South African economy thanks to penguin-based tourism at several breeding colonies. We estimated the value of African penguins at the most important tourist site for African penguins: Boulders on the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. As a mainland colony close to Cape Town, Boulders is accessible to large numbers of visitors; gate revenues in 2009/2010 alone were R14.5 million (US$2 million). A zonal travel-cost analysis revealed an average consumer surplus among Cape Town residents of some R20 per visit. Penguin-based tourism thus forms an integral part of the R25 billion Western Cape tourism sector. Given that the future survival of this valuable resource is dependent, among others, on the availability of sufficient prey, competition with South Africa's purse-seine fishing fleet should be limited through management strategies that lessen the potential effects of fishing on prey available at the local scale.  相似文献   

我国现行农用地评价体系比较研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

李继明 《地域研究与开发》2009,28(3)

对新中国农用地评价研究进行分析,认为中国现行农用地评价体系有农业部的耕地质量评价体系和国土资源部的农用土地分等定级估价体系两大类.两大体系在评价的目标、内容、指标和方法体系上存在着区别,但最终目标都是实现农用地资源由"数量管理"向"数量、质量和生态"并重管理的转变,实现土地资源的环境友好利用.新时期,在农用地流转的背景下,通过论述比较两大评价体系,指出现行评价体系存在的问题,并给予展望.  相似文献   

环境公共物品的私人补偿:农业遗产保护的试点项目(英文)     

野村久子  矢部光保 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(4):341-347

在一次性支付中,某种环境物品真正价值或许更容易如果它能以捐赠的方式加入私人物品中。我们研究了人们的购买行为并与问卷调查中所阐明的购买行为相对比。我们检验了条件价值法(Contingent Value Method,CVM)的效标效度,例如(检验)当捐赠被附加时人们所表现出与规定值的差异程度。结果表明价格上涨对商品的总销量有任何影响。把捐赠附加到私人物品中可能是种很有效的收集捐款形式。这些捐款被用于保护具有非排他性和非竞争性的景观或者作为景观一部分的农业遗产。此外,我们还可以表明,资金可以在不改变销售数量被收集。这种方法在其他环保活动也是很有效的。  相似文献