差异沉降法中倾斜量的正算与反演     

陈德标 《测绘科学》2010,35(4):68-70

针对差异沉降法倾斜观测数据的处理,及与其他方法所得成果的比对需要等问题,本文理论推导了任意两方向沉降差正算监测体最大倾斜角、倾斜方向的可靠公式,并用算例验算其正确性;由于差异沉降法一般不能反映0期监测时的倾斜量,本文提出将当前倾斜量作基础沉降差反演,导出通式,求得"原始高程",使后期沉降差完整反映监测体倾斜状态成为可能;最后通过试验验证本文方法。  相似文献   

上海及周边地区地闪活动特征及海陆差异     

宋晓爽  郑栋  张义军  姚雯  戴建华  王强 《气象科技》2014,42(1):164-172

利用LS8000闪电定位系统2009—2011年的地闪观测资料对上海及周边地区(120~122.5°E,30~32°N)的地闪活动特征进行了研究。结果表明:分析区域内正地闪的比例约占8.5%,大电流地闪(电流绝对值大于50kA)的比例约为5.6%。地闪活动主要集中在6—9月,峰值出现在8月;日变化上,12:00—19:00闪电活动最为活跃,峰值出现在14:00,凌晨闪电活动最弱。从日变化上来说,正地闪和大电流地闪比例在地闪活动较强时段低于地闪活动较弱时段;在月分布上,在地闪活动最强的夏季,正地闪比例普遍在10%以下,在地闪活动较弱的春、秋、冬季,正地闪比例普遍在10%以上。以北纬31°为界,分析区域北部地闪密度基本在6~12次·km-2·a-1以上,南部基本在2.4~4.8次·km-2·a-1。同时陆地上的地闪密度要显著高于湖泊和海洋上的地闪密度,而海洋上的正地闪比例和大电流地闪比例要显著高于陆地。闪电空间分布的时间变化说明,下午地闪活动主要出现在陆地,而凌晨地闪主要出现在水体附近,其它时段则表现出过渡特征,这与下垫面的加热作用紧密相关。  相似文献   

Reed litter Si content affects microbial community structure and the lipid composition of an invertebrate shredder during aquatic decomposition     

《Limnologica》2016

The decomposition of plant litter is an important mechanism in regard to energy and nutrient dynamics of ecosystems. Silicon concentration of plant tissue can affect these processes by changing litter quality, i.e. nutrient stoichiometry and cellulose and phenols content. To determine which group of microbial decomposers benefits from high Si content in plants and how this impacts on animal decomposers, a batch experiment was conducted with reed leaf litter (Phragmites australis) differing in Si content in the presence/absence of invertebrate shredders (Gammarus pulex). Lipid concentration of G. pulex, in reed litter and fine particulate matter (FPOM) were examined. High Si concentration in reed resulted in a decline of gram positive bacteria in the heterotrophic biofilm and of gram negative bacteria in FPOM. The lipid composition in the next trophic level, the decomposer G. pulex, changed too, indicating a diet shift in favor of bacteria and algae with increasing litter Si concentration. Thus, basal decomposers were affected by the Si availability in plant resources, and these effects likely persist along the food chain, as FPOM is a dominant food supply for other groups, e.g. collectors. This impact of Si content on plant substrate quality for decomposer food webs may have global relevance, due to related modifications in carbon and nutrient cycling during litter decomposition.  相似文献   

Influence of livestock soil eutrophication on floral composition in the Pyrenees mountains     

S 《山地科学学报》2008,5(1):63-72

Livestock behaviour in the Pyrenees includes free grazing and a long resting period that provokes the accumulation of dung and urine in some places,so-called camping areas. The aims of this study were （i） to analyze any change in floral composition,and in nutritional and chemical contents of plants in a livestock camping area; and （ii） to relate the floral composition with soil chemical properties. In a linear transect,five sampling zones were established,from the centre of the camping area to the surrounding Nardus stricta-dominant pasture. The above ground plant biomass and the topsoil were sampled in each zone with 6 replicates per zone. Plant species were classified and weighed to calculate above ground biomass,nutritional and chemical contents,and Shannon diversity and evenness indices. Additionally,soils were sampled in two periods,at the beginning and at the end of grazing period. Soil available nutrients （nitrate,ammonium,phosphorus,potassium,calcium and magnesium）,total nitrogen,organic carbon and pH were measured.
Plant chemical contents （protein,lignin and others） were significantly related to the proportions of grasses,legumes and other plants; so,the protein content is positively correlated with legumes plant biomass while lignin content is negatively correlated with grasses. Both plant and soil nutrients increased linearly towards the centre of the camping area. However,the relationship among plant species richness,diversity and evenness relative to its position along the studied transect was bell-shaped. From the outskirts to the centre of the camping area,plants with low nutrient demand were progressively replaced by those with medium and high nutrients demand and by pioneers.
Nardus stricta-dominant pasture has low plant diversity and plant nutrient content as well as a poor soil nutrient availability. The presence of the camping area introduced patches with more soil nutrients and new species in the large spatial scale. However at a small spatial scale,the strong soil nutrien  相似文献   

浪都夕卡岩型铜矿床中石榴子石稀土元素地球化学研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

任涛  钟宏  张兴春  朱维光 《地学前缘》2010,17(2):348

文中对浪都矿床夕卡岩中石榴子石进行了主量和稀土元素研究。分析结果表明研究区石榴子石为钙铁榴石-钙铝榴石固溶体系列,成分变化于Ad_(87)Gr_(13)-Ad_(92)Gr_8之间,以钙铁榴石为主。与世界上很多夕卡岩矿床中石榴子石REE配分模式截然不同,研究区石榴子石稀土元素总量较低、配分模式表现为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损,并且具有明显的Eu正异常。研究显示,浪都矿床钙铁榴石是在水/岩比值较高的环境下快速形成,其与流体之间并没有完全达到REE平衡。岩浆热液中REE的配分模式、表面吸附可能为制约石榴子石REE含量及配分模式的主要因素。Eu~(2+)(r=1.25 A)与其他REE~(3+)相比具有更大的离子半径,更容易被吸附在石榴子石晶体表面,可能是形成浪都矿床中石榴子石Eu正异常的主要原因。  相似文献   

正向构造对层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿和定位的控制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

古抗衡  陈祖伊 《铀矿地质》2010,26(6):361-364

正向构造指的是与铀矿带或铀矿床产出位置相关的背斜、隆起、上升断块等矿床地质构造。伊犁盆地南缘、吐哈盆地西南缘、酒东盆地东北缘等砂岩型铀矿成矿带的产出特征表明,层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿床、矿段和矿点总是选择性地就位于正向构造之中。其原因在于层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的成矿机理所决定。即正向构造抬升了容矿层位,使其出露或接近地表,容易接受补给区含氧含铀水的渗入,造成主砂岩层的层间氧化,铀在主砂岩层中迁移,并在氧化还原界面还原成矿。因此,正向构造对氧化带砂岩型铀矿成矿和定位的作用应引起足够重视,它可以作为产铀盆地砂岩型铀矿带成矿远景区段识别和预测的一项重要判据。  相似文献   

一个二阶奇异初值问题的正解     

杨光崇 《成都信息工程学院学报》2003,18(1):71-75

利用不等式和对角序列，研究了一个显含一阶导数的二阶奇异初值问题非正解的存在性。  相似文献   

关于二阶非线性奇异边值问题的正解     

杨光崇 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(1):108-109

提供二阶奇异边值问题：x″＋f（t,x,x′）=0,0＜f＜1,x（0）=x′（1）=0正解的一些不存在结果.  相似文献   

陕西中部一次远距离台风暴雨过程成因分析     

武麦凤  王旭仙  王桂梅  王英 《气象科技》2013,41(1):138-145

2010年第03号台风“灿都”诱发渭河流域7月23日出现了远距离台风暴雨,利用常规高空、地面观测资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6h1°×1°再分析资料以及FY2E卫星云图资料对该次暴雨的成因进行了分析,结果表明登陆台风对暴雨的作用主要表现在以下几个方面:①为暴雨提供了水汽和能量,②为暴雨区低层提供了较强的正涡度平流,③为中尺度暴雨系统的形成提供了有利的环流背景,直接或间接地影响了中尺度云团的生消.地面中尺度系统是中尺度云团的直接影响系统,而低空急流是中尺度云团的动力源;强降雨时段与云顶亮温TBB小于等于233K区域有较好的对应关系.  相似文献   

藏南隆子地区恰嘎流纹质次火山岩稀土元素类似四分组效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡古月  曾令森  高利娥  谢克家 《地质通报》2011,30(1):82-94

恰嘎次火山岩侵位于特提斯喜马拉雅沉积岩系的东南部,雅拉香波片麻岩穹隆与藏南拆离系之间的地区。通过镜下鉴定和对岩石的主量元素、微量元素组成的测试和分析,确定为流纹质次火山岩。该岩体以富SiO2、Al2O3、K2O、Na2O,贫MgO、CaO、TFeO为特征,里特曼指数σ介于1.07~2.37之间,指示其属于钙碱性系列岩石。微量元素的测试结果表明,稀土元素总量较低,其配分图上产生类似于四分组的“膝折”效应;富集LILE、亏损HFSE,K/Rb和Rb/Cs比值低于一般酸性岩浆侵入岩体,Y/Ho、Nb/Ta和 Zr/Hf 的比值均偏离球粒陨石值。结合前人对稀土元素四分组效应的研究,认为富挥发分的流体作用于高度演化的酸性过铝质岩浆后,其稀土元素配分模式也能形成类似四分组的“膝折” 配分模式,元素Gd显示正异常。  相似文献