北冰洋浮冰区的气象要素特征   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

程彦杰  卞林根  陆龙骅  逯昌贵 《极地研究》2000,12(4):253-262

利用中国首次北极科学考察队观测的气象资料 ,初步分析研究了 1 999年 8月 1 9～ 2 4日北冰洋浮冰 ( 75°N,1 60°W)上的温、压、湿、风、云量、辐射、海表温度、冰面及冰中温度等气象要素变化特征 ,并结合 50 0 h Pa高度场分析了该期间的天气过程。结果表明 :在考察期间海面与冰面温度日变化差异明显。除晴天夜间出现逆温外 ,气温随高度增大而减小 ,冰面为热源 ,不断有向上的热量输送。海温则稳定少变。冰中热交换主要发生在冰下 0～ 40 cm深度。由于有海上湿平流等影响 ,存在“逆湿”现象。晴天反射率具有明显日变化 ,早晚大 ,中午小。海冰表面平均反射率约为 0 .76。辐射与云量特别是低云量的关系密切  相似文献   

一次夏季强沙尘暴形成机理的综合分析   总被引：14，自引：7，他引：7  

岳平  牛生杰  王连喜  杨有林 《中国沙漠》2006,26(3):370-374

利用沙尘暴发生前夕酒泉基准站的探空资料、沙尘暴发生前后地面自动站观测资料和有关台站的常规观测资料对2004年7月12日出现在我国内蒙古西部和河西走廊西端的一次沙尘暴天气过程,从大气层结稳定度、地形因素对沙尘暴影响的机理以及下垫面性质等方面进行了分析,并对天气现象发生时地面气象要素和地温的变化进行了研究。结果表明：①大气层结的不稳定起了激发作用;②该地区特殊的地形条件所造成的“狭管效应”起到了加强作用;③沙尘暴爆发前风速迅速增大,为起沙提供了动力条件;④气压和相对湿度在沙尘暴发生前夕和沙尘暴过程的中后期有明显扰动, 沙尘暴结束后温度、气压、相对湿度和地面等气象要素有显著性突变。  相似文献   

从跨国广告业看全球化和全球城市——以中国广告业为例   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

柏兰芝  陈诗宁 《地理研究》2004,23(5):582-592

本文从广告业的视角出发 ,分析了伴随全球生产者服务业空间布局的扩张而来的区域市场和空间结构的重塑。研究的主要发现为 :(1)在跨国公司的支配下 ,中国广告业在生产组织上逐渐向专业代理演化 ,在行业规范上也逐渐向 4A的主流靠拢 ;(2 )中国广告业在上海、北京、广州三大城市的集中 ,体现了在全球化过程中形成的“区域性服务业市场” ;(3)由于市场规模大 ,中国广告业有可能向“前端” (产品定位和沟通策略 )发展 ;(4 )由于中国幅员广大 ,进入区域市场需要不同的媒体计划 ,也使得广告的全球标准化产品产出更多的地方版本。在理论争论方面 ,本文认为全球城市是都市区域全球化制度和空间的中介。  相似文献   

长江黄河源区水文和气象序列周期变化分析   总被引：39，自引：14，他引：25  

杨建平  丁永建  陈仁升 《中国沙漠》2005,25(3):351-355

应用Meyer小波,对江河源地区近50a来年径流量、年降水量和年平均气温做周期分析,发现江河源地区水文气象序列的变化周期基本在22a、16~17a、11a、7~8a、5~6a和2~3a左右的时间尺度上浮动。而这些基本周期正是太阳黑子活动周期和海-气相互作用的周期,说明江河源地区水文、气象序列的周期变化受天体运动变化的影响。天体运动直接影响降水和气温的周期变化,进而在一定的下垫面条件下,影响径流的周期变化。  相似文献   

Hydrologic evaluation of spatially disaggregated global ensemble rainfall forecasts          下载免费PDF全文

E. Gaborit  F. Anctil  V. Fortin  G. Pelletier 《水文研究》2014,28(17):4682-4693

A statistic–stochastic multi‐fractal downscaling technique was evaluated from a hydrologic point of view. Ensemble hydrologic forecasts with a time step of 3 h were performed for original and disaggregated ensemble rainfall forecasts issued by the Canadian Global Ensemble Prediction System in its 2009 operational version. This hydro‐meteorological operational forecasting chain was conducted using the hydrological model SWMM5. The model was implemented on a small 6‐km² urban catchment located in the Québec City region. The hydrological evaluation was based on the comparison of forecasted flows to the observed ones, calculating several deterministic and probabilistic scores, and drawing rank histograms and reliability diagrams. Disaggregated products led to a better representation of the ensemble members' dispersion. This disaggregation technique represents an interesting way of bridging the gap between the meteorological models' resolution and the high degree of spatial precision sometimes required by hydrological models in their precipitation representation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Comparison of two methods for ground level vapour sampling and influence of meteorological parameters on its stable isotopic composition at Roorkee,India          下载免费PDF全文

P. Purushothaman  M. S. Rao  B. Kumar  Y. S. Rawat  G. Krishan  Pooja Devi 《水文研究》2014,28(3):882-894

Ground level vapour (GLV) samples were collected at Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India using two methods: liquid condensation (LC) at 0 °C and cryogenic trap (CT) at ?78 °C for the period 2009–2011. The study reveals that there is a considerable fluctuation in stable isotopic composition of GLV throughout the year. The study area receives complex moisture source during different seasons, which is evident from the moisture flux received during different seasons. The isotopic composition of the GLV in both methods shows depleted nature during rainout process. CT method shows exact isotopic signature of GLV because of maximum trapping of air moisture and its condensation, whereas LC method shows depleted or enriched character because of the prevalence of kinetic and diffusive fractionation. The d value shows that LC method acts as magnifier of the CT method and clearly shows seasonal effect than the clustered CT method. Hence, to decipher the original isotopic signature of GLV, isotopic composition of GLV_LC can be converted to GLV_CT by deriving an empirical relationship with changing season and locations. Meteorological parameters show varied behaviour with GLV_{CT and LC} because of moisture sources in all seasons. The GLV_{CT and LC} method shows significant correlation with meteorological parameters when the region is dominated by single moisture source. The GLV_LC method magnifies the correlation with meteorological parameters when the region is influenced by more than one source. The study shows that the GLV_LC methods can be used in place of GLV_CT when the objective is to understand the influence of different moisture sources on GLV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Ecosystem services or services to ecosystems? Valuing cultivation and reciprocal relationships between humans and ecosystems     

《Global Environmental Change》2015

The concept of Ecosystem Services (ES), widely understood as the “benefits that humans receive from the natural functioning of healthy ecosystems” (Jeffers et al., 2015), depicts a one-way flow of services from ecosystems to people. We argue that this conceptualisation is overly simplistic and largely inaccurate, neglecting the reality that humans often contribute to the maintenance and enhancement of ecosystems, as often evidenced (but not exclusively) in many traditional and Indigenous societies. Management interventions arising from Ecosystem Services research are thus potentially damaging to both ecosystems and indigenous rights. We present the concept of ‘Services to Ecosystems’ (S2E) to address this, closing the loop of the reciprocal relationship between humans and ecosystems. Case studies from the biocultural ecosystems of Amazonia and the Pacific Northwest of North America (Cascadia) are used to illustrate the concept and provide examples of Services to Ecosystems in past and current societies. Finally, an alternative framework is presented, advancing the existing framework for Ecosystem Services by incorporating this reconceptualization and the loop of reciprocity. The framework aims to facilitate the inclusion of Services to Ecosystems in management strategies based upon Ecosystem Services, and highlights the need for ethnographic research in Ecosystem Service-based interventions.  相似文献   

欧盟空间信息基础设施建设(INSPIRE):兼议对中国地学信息化的启示     

刘荣梅  缪谨励  赵林林 《地质通报》2015,34(8):1562-1569

欧盟空间信息基础设施(INSPIRE)是欧洲空间信息基础设施建设法令。目的是建立欧盟统一的空间信息基础设施,实现有关环境空间信息在统一的框架下全欧盟范围内的共享,便于跨区域的政策决策及应用。通过近7年的实施,INSPIRE完成了欧盟层面的立法和各参与国层面具有法律效力的执行规则,制定了一系列技术规范和技术指南,并在各参与国中执行实施。总结分析欧盟空间信息基础设施(INSPIRE)的目的与意义、组织管理体系、实施方案、空间信息的融合与互操作、统一架构与相关规范等方面的相关经验,提出了对中国地学信息化的几点启示。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal analysis of human wellbeing and its coupling relationship with ecosystem services in Shandong province,China     

Wang  Chao  Wang  Xuan  Wang  Yifan  Zhan  Jinyan  Chu  Xi  Teng  Yanmin  Liu  Wei  Wang  Huihui 《地理学报(英文版)》2023,33(2):392-412

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rapid economic and social change promotes to improve human wellbeing (HW), but poses threats to ecosystems and the environment. Studying the coupling relationship...  相似文献   

黄河源区土地利用/覆盖生态服务功能价值评价及时空预测     

孙璐  张友静  张滔 《地理与地理信息科学》2014,30(5)

利用黄河源区1977-2006年土地覆盖数据集,分析了土地利用覆盖变化格局。根据高寒草地生态系统的特点,改进了生态功能服务价值系数计算方法,把土地利用的生态效益转化为简单易懂的货币形式,为决策者提供直观的生态信息。同时利用基于案例推理的CA模型模拟黄河源区2018年的土地覆盖情景,并得到其生态服务价值。研究表明:1977-2006年生态系统服务价值由460亿元降至418亿元,其中林地、高覆盖草地与湿地的生态服务价值分别减少10亿元、30亿元和20亿元,中、低覆盖草地生态服务价值提高20亿元,水体与沙(裸)地等变化不大。2006-2018年草地覆盖度将逐步上升,高、中覆盖度草地面积逐渐扩大,低覆盖度草地面积减小,生态服务价值得到较大幅度提升。  相似文献