The urbanization process of Bohai Rim in the 1990s by using DMSP/OLS data     

HE Chunyang  LI Jinggang  CHEN Jing  SHI Peijun  CHEN Jin  PAN Yaozhong  LI Jing  ZHUO Li  Ichinose Toshiaki 《地理学报》2006,16(2):174-182

This paper firstly derived urban information from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) data in 1992, 1996 and 1998 with the support of statistical data, and then developed three basic urban models of polygon-urbanization, line-urbanization and point-urbanization in urban agglomerations from viewpoint of spatial analysis. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Urban patch numbers in the Bohai Rim increased from 1659 to 2053 with an annual average increase number of about 66. Meanwhile, the small urban patches accounted for a larger proportion in the region and the patch density increased fast. In addition, the urban barycenter of the region showed a moving trend toward northwest from 1992 to 1998. Urbanization in the Bohai Rim in the 1990s is fast and obvious. (2) Urbanization in the Bohai Rim can be reflected by three basic processes, i.e., the polygon-urbanization around the big cities, the line-urbanization around the transportation lines and the point-urbanization emerging in large areas. Of them, the polygon-urbanization has been in dominance. It is obviously within an effective range of 3-4 km surrounding the urban patches. The line-urbanization and point-urbanization in the region was relatively small, both of which showed an obvious increasing trend.  相似文献   

东海泥质区单体正构烷烃的碳同位素组成及物源分析 ^*   总被引：7，自引：8，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

郭志刚  杨作升  林田  李钜源 《第四纪研究》2006,26(3):384-390

利用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱/同位素比值质谱(GC/IRMS)对东海近岸泥质区、济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中正构烷烃的单体碳同位素组成及分布进行了分析。结果显示东海不同泥质区典型海洋藻类源正构烷烃C₁₉同位素组成基本相似,在-27.4 ‰ ~-28.0 ‰ 之间,平均为-27.7 ‰ 。典型海洋水生植物源C₂₃同位素组成在-28.5 ‰ ~-31.6 ‰ 之间,平均为-30.5 ‰ ,碳同位素组成从近岸泥质区到冲绳海槽北部逐渐变重,表明海槽区与陆架区海洋水生植物种类有所不同。陆架区长链正构烷烃(C₂₅~C₃₁)部分随着碳数的增加,其同位素组成逐渐变轻,但海槽区这一变化不大,显示陆架区的陆源高等植物蜡具有相似的物源,而冲绳海槽北部由于黑潮主干区和黑潮分支(对马暖流)对陆架沉积物进入深海的控制性阻隔作用,其物源与陆架区区别较大。现代输入东海的陆源植物以C₃植物为显著优势,C₃植物对近岸泥质区北部、近岸泥质区南部、远端济州岛西南泥质区和冲绳海槽北部陆源植物的贡献分别为83 % ,95 ％,75 % 和70 % 。  相似文献   

Vertical patterns of stable carbon isotope in soils and particle-size fractions of karst areas, Southwest China     

Shufa Zhu  Congqiang Liu 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(8):1119-1127

Taking limestone soil and yellow soil, the two major soil types in karst areas as examples, analyzing stable carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C value) of soil organic matter (SOM) in bulk soils and particle-size fractions of four soil profiles under three vegetable forms, the following results are reached: in the limestone soil profile, soil organic carbon contents are all above 1.0%, the highest value is 7.1% in the surface soil; however, they are between 0.3% and 4.6% in the three yellow soil profiles. From the surface to the bottom of the soil profiles, the variation of δ¹³C value of soil organic carbon for limestone soil profile is only between −24.1‰ and −23.0‰, however, it’s between −24.8‰ and −21.1‰ for yellow soil profiles. The variation range of δ¹³C value of soil organic carbon associated with particle-size separates is slight for limestone soil but is considerable for yellow soil. The contrast research indicates that the changes between the contents and the δ¹³C value of soil organic carbon with depth are complex. The vertical patterns of stable carbon isotope in soil organic matter have a distinct regional characteristic in karst areas.  相似文献   

GPS快速精密定位的随机模型研究     

郭秋英  胡振琪 《测绘信息与工程》2006,31(6):26-28

综合与归纳了GPS精密定位的三种比较实用的随机模型,提出了将这三种随机模型用于GPS快速精密定位中,通过两个实例分析了三种随机模型对GPS快速精密定位的精度影响,得出几点有益的结论。  相似文献   

The impact of different spatial land cover data sets on the outputs of a hydrological model - a modelling exercise in the Ucker catchment, North-East Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M. Wegehenkel  U. Heinrich  V. Dunger 《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2006,31(17):1075-1088

The spatial distribution of forests, meadows, arable land, water bodies and settlements in a catchment influences the spatial and temporal dynamics of evapotranspiration, surface runoff, soil moisture and ground water recharge. Four digital data sets from different sources were available for land cover distribution to be applied in a regional case study in the Ucker catchment with an area of about 2415 km². The first data set was obtained from the German digital topographic data set “Atkis” and the second one from the federal German biotope mapping procedure “Biotoptypenkartierung”. In addition, Corine land cover data and a land cover obtained from a supervised, multitemporal classification of three Landsat-TM5-scenes from the year 2000 were used in our study. These data sets differ in spatial resolution and in information content and this leads to different areal proportions of the main land cover classes forests, meadows, arable land, water bodies and settlements. This has to be considered as an uncertainty in the land cover data. In our case study, we analyzed how and to which extent this uncertainty influences the outputs of a hydrological catchment model such as evapotranspiration and discharge. For the time period 1996-2001, meteorological time series were obtained from four meteorological stations and five additional precipitation stations. Measured daily discharge rates were available from two gauges located in the catchment. In the different land cover data sets, the proportions of arable land ranged from 52.7% to 61.7% of the catchment area and for forests from 19.5% to 24.6%. These different proportions showed only minor impacts with small differences below ±10 mm y⁻¹ on the simulated annual rates of evapotranspiration and ground water recharge. In contrast, the simulated surface runoff rates showed a strong correlation to the amount of the settlement areas in the catchment. The highest proportion of settlements with 4.9% of the catchment area in comparison to the lowest proportion of 2.9% leads to an increase in the simulated surface runoff of 70%.  相似文献   

地震震源机制解在华南及邻区潜源区长轴方向判定中的应用     

郑月军  张世民  崔效锋  黄忠贤 《中国地震》2006,22(1):24-33

本文利用34°N以南,105°E以东大陆东南地区中强地震和小震的震源机制解结果,分析了震源机制解与可能的中强震发震构造及潜源区方向的关系.华南及邻区地震震源机制解节面走向和主应力轴方位分布具有明显的优势方向,大部分M≥4.0地震震源机制解中一个节面走向与主要构造走向及大多数潜源区方向对应较好,多数小震的节面走向和主应力轴方位综合统计结果也能为潜源区方向的判定提供比较可靠的依据.同时通过对1996年南黄海Ms6.1地震和1997年福建龙岩-永安Ms5.2地震的震源机制解结果进行分析,并结合区域地质构造、地震活动以及地震的等震线长轴展布、余震分布等资料,探讨了这两个地区潜源区的划分.  相似文献   

台湾地区可能存在整体顺时针旋转运动——兼论周边地区的地震活动特征及地震预测     

王晓山  吕坚 《华南地震》2006,26(2):48-54

综合研究了台湾及邻区的地壳运动、地震活动、地震地质和地球物理场特征后认为,该区可能存在一种整体顺时针旋转运动,这种运动方式的产生是台湾两侧板块俯冲方向相反造成的,导致不同影响区出现有所区别的地震活动和地壳运动格局.基于这种动力模型,浙江省的ML≥4级地震与闽粤赣交界及其沿海地区的中强地震具有较好的相关性.  相似文献   

环境地质研究进展与展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

哈承祐 《地质通报》2006,25(11):1247-1256

环境地质学与其他地质学科的最大区别是,把人类活动作为一种地质作用营力加以研究,这是前所未有的.面向国民经济、国家重大工程建设和城市化的快速兴起与发展,环境地质学科得到了迅速发展.关注气候变化、海岸带发展、城市化、地下水资源与地质环境的相互关系至关重要.要重视地质灾害形成发育的规律,特别是人类工程活动与自然地质作用相互关系的研究.地质灾害防治和群测群防,在今后一个相当长的时期内仍然是研究重点.持久地为社会、为公众、为政府服务,提高地质科学在环境保护中的作用与地位,提高公众对环境地质学的认知与认同,才能采取共同行动,为可持续发展做出贡献.  相似文献   

中国及相邻区域岩石圈结构及动力学意义   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19       下载免费PDF全文

朱介寿蔡学林  曹家敏严忠琼 《中国地质》2006,33(4):793-803

中国大陆及邻近陆域海域是晚古生代以来由多个较小的板块或地块汇聚形成的。中生代亚洲东部岩石圈拉张解体和减薄。古新世印度与欧亚大陆碰撞引起地壳缩短隆升,形成青藏高原和喜马拉雅造山带。根据中国大陆及相邻区域天然地震、人工地震及其他地学资料,采用多学科多手段进行反演。对沉积层、地壳、岩石圈特性及厚度变化进行研究,探讨中国大陆及相邻陆域海域岩石圈结构特征及深部动力学问题。  相似文献   

锑的野外快速分析方法——氢化物发生-光导分光光度法     

胡外英白金峰  卢荫庥 《岩矿测试》2006,25(2):181-184

详细考察了用氢化物发生-光导比色法在野外实验条件下测定Sb的各种条件及影响因素，制定了适合野外的氢化物发生-光导比色快速测定锑的方法。样品经王水封闭溶解后，在掩蔽剂存在下，用自制的硼氢化钾片使经预还原的Sb生成氢化物逸出，将吸收液中的Fe（Ⅲ）还原为Fe（Ⅱ）与邻菲口罗啉显色，用自行开发、研制的光导分光光度（比色）计进行比色测定。方法的检出限（3s）为0．18μg/g，加标回收率为96．0％～98．0％，11次测定的精密度（RSD）小于8．2％。方法经国家一级标准物质验证，分析结果与标准值吻合。  相似文献