A Simple and Robust Lognormal Estimator     

D. Marcotte  P. Groleau 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(8):993-1008

In an open pit mine, the selection of blocks for mill feed necessitates the use of a conditionally unbiased estimator not only to maximize profits, but also to predict precisely the grades at the mill. Estimation of blocks usually is done using a series of blasthole assays on a regular grid. In many instances, the blasthole grades show a lognormal-like distribution. This study examines an estimator based on the hypothesis of bilognormality between the true block grade and the estimate obtained using the blastholes. The properties of the estimator are established and the estimator is proven to be conditionally unbiased. It is almost as precise as the lognormal kriging estimator when the points are multilognormal. However, it is more precise than lognormal krigings when only univariate lognormality is present or when the distribution is not exactly lognormal. The estimator also is shown to be robust to errors in the specifications of the variogram model or of the expectation of Z. Contrary to lognormal krigings, the estimator does only a slight correction to the original estimate obtained using the blastholes assays.  相似文献   

Some asymptotic properties of kriging when the covariance function is misspecified     

Michael L. Stein  Mark S. Handcock 《Mathematical Geology》1989,21(2):171-190

The impact of using an incorrect covariance function on kriging predictors is investigated. Results of Stein (1988) show that the impact on the kriging predictor from not using the correct covariance function is asymptotically negligible as the number of observations increases if the covariance function used is compatible with the actual covariance function on the region of interestR. The definition and some properties of compatibility of covariance functions are given. The compatibility of generalized covariances also is defined. Compatibility supports the intuitively sensible concept that usually only the behavior near the origin of the covariance function is critical for purposes of kriging. However, the commonly used spherical covariance function is an exception: observations at a distance near the range of a spherical covariance function can have a nonnegligible effect on kriging predictors for three-dimensional processes. Finally, a comparison is made with the perturbation approach of Diamond and Armstrong (1984) and some observations of Warnes (1986) are clarified.  相似文献   

M-Estimator of the drift coefficients in a spatial linear model     

Ana F. Militino 《Mathematical Geology》1997,29(2):221-229

Kriging as an interpolation method, uses as predictor a linear function of the observations, minimizing the mean squared prediction error or estimation variance. Under multivariate normality assumptions, the given predictor is the best unbiased predictor, and will be vulnerable to outliers. To overcome this problem, a robust weighted estimator of the drift model coefficients is proposed, where unequally spaced data may be weighted through the tile areas of the Dirichlet tessellation.  相似文献   

BOC和BPSK信号的码跟踪性能比较     

朱璇  周巍  魏彩虹  张海东 《测绘科学》2013,38(3):66-68

在导航接收机的伪距测量中,码跟踪精度起着重要作用,而码跟踪环路的性能由码鉴相器的鉴相曲线决定。本文首先介绍了BOC(1,1)信号的功率谱特性和自相关特性,然后通过仿真分析BOC(1,1)和BPSK(1)两种信号的非相干延迟锁定环的鉴相器输出和环路跟踪误差,得出两种信号在码跟踪性能上的差异。通过比较发现,BOC信号较BPSK信号在跟踪的鲁棒性和精度等方面具有显著优势。  相似文献   

Robust algorithms for polyhedral modelling of fractured rock mass structure     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2013

This paper presents robust algorithms for application in polyhedral modelling of rock mass structure based on discrete fracture networks. The algorithms improve the robustness of current polyhedral modellers to challenging or degenerate geometries and geometrical errors. These issues are inevitably encountered when the fracture network realisations incorporate large numbers of fractures, or regions of densely packed fractures are modelled, or when the number of fracture network realisations interrogated is large. Several stages in the polyhedral modelling process which are sensitive to geometrical errors are reviewed and algorithms which are robust and capable of handling topological errors in the input fracture network geometry are presented.  相似文献   

通过改进节点性能确保火灾下钢框架结构的鲁棒性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王永昌 《地震学刊》2012,(1):89-98

介绍了钢框架结构火灾下鲁棒性的背景知识,建议对于非常重要的建筑结构,抗火安全设计必须包括通常设计中尚未考虑到的意外破坏模式。文章辨识了结构意外破坏的不同模式,并提出了保证结构安全性的可行方法。本文主要介绍了如何利用梁的悬链线效应,使荷栽从受损结构重新分配到相邻结构,该效应是梁受弯承载力状态的一种转变。为确保钢梁中悬链线效应的充分发展,最重要的是要保证节点具有足够的抗拉承栽力与转动能力。本文提出了一种节点转动能力需求的量纲分析方法,并根据一些试验结果,介绍了英国常用的梁柱节点可到达的转动能力。虽然一些延性较好的节点在升温时能够达到10°的转动能力,但当钢的温度非常高时,其仍不能满足使悬链线效应充分形成时所需要的转动能力（〉15°）。随后,讨论了如何提高节点的转动能力,包括：采用具有较好延性的节点（例如开反向槽口的节点）,改进节点的细部构造（如将节点的受拉区移近至受压区,并为螺栓开槽型孔）和采用更强的、延性更好的由耐火钢制成的螺栓。这些提出的节点技术需要与节点在其他设计要求下的性能要求相协调（如刚度）,为满足不同的结构性能要求,找到最优的节点设计方法,仍需要更深入的研究。  相似文献   

基于中国剩余定理的测距算法仿真与性能分析     

崔允贺  邓平  周舟 《成都信息工程学院学报》2012,27(4):337-343

对目前已有的4种中国剩余定理的求解方法,即传统中国剩余定理算法、闭式解的中国剩余定理算法、高效中国剩余定理算法以及多频中国剩余定理算法,进行了较详细的理论分析与性能比较。将上述算法应用于无线传感与激励网络中对未知节点进行测距,设计了相应的测距算法,分析了各算法的性能特点,并通过仿真实验分析比较了各自在估计精度、计算复杂度以及鲁棒性等方面的差异,并讨论了各算法的适用场景。  相似文献   

Honing safety and reliability aspects for the second generation of Eurocode 7     

Trevor L.L. Orr 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(3):205-213

ABSTRACT

Ten years after their publication, the Eurocodes, including Eurocode 7 for Geotechnical design, are being revised taking into account experiences with their use and developments in design concepts and practices since their publication to produce a second generation of the Eurocodes. The objectives for this second generation of Eurocode 7 are to improve its ease of use, harmonise its structure with the other Eurocodes, reduce the number of nationally determined parameters, include measures for robustness and include sections on topics not covered in the current Eurocode 7, such as numerical methods, reinforced soil and ground improvement. The evolution of Eurocode 7 aims to hone its safety and risk assessment aspects by developing the concept of Geotechnical Categories, expanding the supervision, monitoring and maintenance requirements, and explicitly allowing for reliability differentiation.  相似文献   

结构多重双重调谐质量阻尼器(MDTMD)的新控制策略     

李春祥  杜冬 《地震工程与工程振动》2004,24(4):122-126

本文提出了一种新的控制策略——多重双重调谐质量阻尼器(以下简称为MDTMD)。MDTMD系统参数的可能组合形成十种MDTMD模型,本文评价其中最易制作的一种MDTMD模型。利用定义的优化目标函数,评价了MDTMD的控制性能。数值结果表明MDTMD比双重调谐质量阻尼器(DTMD)具有更好的有效性和对频率调谐的鲁棒性。但MDTMD的冲程大于DTMD的冲程。  相似文献   

矢量地理数据密级标识方法研究     

李梦圆  李安波  周卫  蒋伟 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(3):298-306

密级标识是用于标识信息产品安全等级的隐蔽信息,是信息分级管理、控制与应用的基础和前提。作为涉密地理信息产品主要组织格式的矢量地理数据,其密级标识方法的研究具有重要意义。结合矢量地理数据在遭受几何攻击时,其要素空间关系不变性特征,以及密级标识方法的不可感知性、高鲁棒性要求,本文提出一种基于距离比值调制的矢量地理数据密级标识方法,以实现矢量地理数据的分级管理与保护。其主要研究思路为：① 基于距离比值调制的方法,能够较好地应对几何攻击;② 在每个线面要素内,通过重复嵌入密级标识,有效提高算法对于编辑操作的鲁棒性;③ 运用道格拉斯-普克算法提取特征点,在此基础上进行密级标识的嵌入,能够较好地对抗压缩攻击。实验结果表明：该方法具有良好的不可感知性;同时,对嵌入密级标识后的矢量地理数据进行几何变换、数据编辑、数据压缩等攻击后,其密级标识的提取率能够达到80%以上,表明方法具有较好的鲁棒性。  相似文献