七棵树油田低孔低渗砂岩储层的测井评价     

李丁  庄华  张晓明  李万才  潘保芝 《世界地质》2013,32(3):558-563

低孔低渗储层的测井评价一直是油田勘探开发的难题。由于沉积作用、压实作用和溶蚀作用等各种成岩作用,七棵树油田储层具有低孔低渗特点,而且储层内次生孔隙发育,非均质性强,增加了储层评价的复杂性。为此,本文根据岩芯实验、地质录井和试油等并综合各种测井资料,确定了储层岩性与物性、含油性与物性关系; 并在孔喉模型的基础上,通过分析物性和电性之间的关系,建立了一个适用于次生孔隙发育的低孔低渗储层的新模型,并进行解释分析。  相似文献   

4·20芦山地震次生山地灾害与减灾对策          下载免费PDF全文

陈晓清  崔鹏  游勇  杨宗佶  孔应德 《地学前缘》2013,20(3):29-34

4·20芦山地震不仅造成了特大地震灾害,同时还诱发大量的次生山地灾害,主要类型包括崩塌、滑坡、滚石、落石、堰塞湖和泥石流等。这些次生灾害不仅造成重大人员伤亡,还阻塞救援道路,延缓了救援进度。地震诱发的大量崩塌、滑坡为泥石流活动提供丰富物源,将促进泥石流活跃,在后期暴雨作用下产生严重的泥石流灾害。通过初步分析,提出了地震区山地灾害应急减灾对策,包括应急排查、监测预警、临时安置场所危险性评估、省道210线应急防护;并提出了地震区恢复重建中的减灾对策,包括提高山区城镇的防护能力,加强村寨聚落防灾能力,加强山地灾害监测预警,道路恢复重建中的减灾措施以及加强对流域漂木防治。  相似文献   

河北唐山某老采煤沉陷区建设场地地基稳定性评价     

张立才  刘燕龙 《中国煤炭地质》2013,(12):59-63

研究区内历史上存在强烈的以采煤为主的采矿活动,形成了大规模的采空塌陷,为了集约用地和防灾减灾,运用理论分析、定量计算及现场观测相结合的技术路线,根据“三带”理论对采空区波及地表的影响程度和地表移动的范围定性定量评价,应用应力分析法对场区进行稳定性分析。结果表明：该区大部分采空区基本稳定,目前可能处于残余变形阶段,地表处于相对稳定状态,残余变形在建筑物可承受范围之内;浅部采空区存在未完全塌实区,在地表建筑物荷载、地震及地下水等因素的影响下,仍存在二次活化的可能;中南部深部老采空区均超过5a,其“活化”是比较平稳和长期的过程,一般对地表的影响是较小的和缓慢的沉降,其不均衡沉降量是有限的;中南部存在原开滦矾土矿,采矿方式为洞采,赋存深度较浅,在地表建筑物荷载的作用下极易发生塌陷而发生“活化”,危险性大。针对不同的区域和“活化”类型,提出相应的防治措施,对于建设场地地基稳定性评价工作具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Coupled consolidation model for negative skin friction on piles in clay layers     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):141-149

Expansive soils swell on absorbing water and shrink on evaporation thereof. Because of this alternate swelling and shrinkage, civil engineering structures founded in them are severely damaged. For counteracting the problems of expansive soils, different innovative techniques were suggested. Stabilization of expansive clays with various additives has also met with considerable success. This paper presents, by comparison, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength. Lime content was varied as 0%, 2%, 4%?and 6%?and fly ash content as 0%, 10%?and 20%. A fly ash content of 20%?showed significant reduction in swell potential, swelling pressure, compression index and secondary consolidation characteristics and resulted in increase in maximum dry density and shear strength. Swell potential and swelling pressure decreased with increase in lime content also. Further, consolidation characteristics improved. Compaction characteristics and unconfined compression strength improved at 4%?lime and reduced at 6%?lime.  相似文献   

Effect of lime and fly ash on swell,consolidation and shear strength characteristics of expansive clays: a comparative study     

《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):175-181

Expansive soils swell on absorbing water and shrink on evaporation thereof. Because of this alternate swelling and shrinkage, civil engineering structures founded in them are severely damaged. For counteracting the problems of expansive soils, different innovative techniques were suggested. Stabilization of expansive clays with various additives has also met with considerable success. This paper presents, by comparison, the effect of lime and fly ash on free swell index (FSI), swell potential, swelling pressure, coefficient of consolidation, compression index, secondary consolidation characteristics and shear strength. Lime content (weight of lime/weight of dry soil) was varied as 0%, 2%, 4%?and 6%?and fly ash content (weight of fly ash/weight of dry soil) as 0%, 10%?and 20%. A fly ash content of 20%?showed significant reduction in swell potential, swelling pressure, compression index and secondary consolidation characteristics and resulted in increase in maximum dry density and shear strength. Swell potential and swelling pressure decreased with increase in lime content also. Further, consolidation characteristics improved. Compaction characteristics and unconfined compression strength improved at 4%?lime and reduced at 6%?lime.  相似文献   

济阳坳陷古近系深部储层成岩演化模式   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

袁静  袁凌荣  杨学君  李春堂 《沉积学报》2012,30(2):231-239

运用岩石薄片鉴定、扫描电镜分析、镜质体反射率分析、X-衍射分析和油层物性分析等手段,结合区域油气地质研究成果,以揭示济阳坳陷古近系深部碎屑岩储层的成岩演化模式和物性演化规律为目的开展工作。结果表明,济阳坳陷古近系深部碎屑岩储层主要受其所处构造背景、地层压力和流体环境的影响,发育6种成岩演化模式。弱陡坡/缓坡构造背景条件下发育早期中强超压-中强压实/胶结/溶蚀-多重介质成岩演化模式和晚期中强超压-（较）强压实/胶结/溶蚀-酸性介质成岩演化模式,超压形成的早晚是影响储层压实作用强弱的主要因素,而流体环境的差异与构造背景的差异有关。深洼陷发育弱超压/常压-（中）强压实/胶结-强溶蚀-热液酸性介质成岩演化模式和中弱超压-较强压实/胶结-强溶蚀-热液酸性介质成岩演化模式,热液活动加强了成岩流体对酸溶性组分的溶解,是该类成岩演化模式的主要影响因素。处于陡坡常压条件下的深层碎屑岩发育（中）强压实/胶结-弱溶蚀-热液酸性介质和强胶结-中弱溶蚀-多重介质成岩演化模式,早期沉积水体、后期成岩水体以及两者混合造成的多重介质是其主要影响因素。综合分析认为,层位和埋深是深部储层遭受成岩改造程度强弱的首要控制因素;构造位置是影响成岩压力场和流体场的基本前提;在不同的流体场背景中,深部热液对储层演化会不同影响;酸碱交替的多重成岩环境增加了次生孔隙带发育个数和次生孔隙垂向分布,但原始孔隙度保存率比以酸性介质为主的成岩环境低5%以上。  相似文献   

New Approaches and Markers for Identifying Secondary Biogenic Coalbed Gas     

TAO Mingxin  LI Jing  LI Xiaobin  MA Yuzhen  LI Zhongping  WANG Zuodong  GAO Zhongliang  ZHANG Xiaojun  WANG Yanlong 《《地质学报》英文版》2012,86(1):199-208

According to the adsorption-desorption characteristics of coalbed gas and analysis of various experimental data, this paper proposes that the generation of secondary biogenic gas (SBG) and its mixing of with the residual thermogenic gas at an early stage inevitably lead to secondary changes of the thermogenic gas and various geochemical additive effects. Experimental results also show that the fractionation of the carbon isotope of methane of coal core desorption gas changes very little; the δ13C1 value of the mixed gas of biogenic and thermogenic gases is between the δ13C1 values of the two “original” gases, and the value is determined by the carbon isotopic compositions and mixing proportions of the two “original” methanes. Therefore this paper proposes that the study on the secondary changes of the thermogenic gas and various additive effects is a new effective way to study and identify SBG. Herein, a systematic example of research on the coalbed gas (Huainan coalbed gas) is further conducted, revealing a series of secondary changes and additive effects, the main characteristics and markers of which are: (1) the contents of CO2 and heavy-hydrocarbons decrease significantly; (2) the content of CH4 increases and the gas becomes drier; (3) the δ13C and δD values of methane decrease significantly and tend to have biogenetic characteristics; and (4) the values of δ13C2 and δ13CCO2 grow higher. These isotopic values also change with the degradation degrees by microbes and mixing proportions of the two kinds of gases in different locations. There exists a negative correlation between the δ13C1 vs δ13CCO2 values. The △δ13CC2–C1 values obviously become higher. The distributions of the △δ13CCO2–C1 values are within certain limits and show regularity. There exist a positive correlation between the N2 versus Ar contents, and a negative correlation between the N2 versus CH4 contents, indicating the down forward infiltration of the surface water containing air. These are important markers of the generation and existence of SBG.  相似文献   

大厂矿田铜坑矿矿体二次圈定的技术经济效果     

许远清  吴喜松  李大亮  魏宏炼 《矿产与地质》2012,26(1):68-72

铜坑矿近几年来主要开采92#贫矿体的边部,矿体厚度急速变小,形态不规则,分支复合较多。为了提高经济效益,急需重新准确圈定和控制矿体边界。经过几年来的实践证明,在贫矿和边部矿段开采过程中,通过矿体边界的二次圈定,能有效降低贫化损失,这是矿山企业获取经济效益的重要途径。  相似文献   

Transport and deposition of fine sediment in open channels with different aspect ratios     

Jing Bai  Hongwei Fang  Thorsten Stoesser 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2013,38(6):591-600

This paper investigates by means of several large eddy simulations how the channel aspect ratio affects the transport and settling of suspended sediments. The numerical method is successfully validated using data of a physical experiment of fine sediment net deposition in an open channel flow. The channel aspect ratio, A, is known to be the determining factor for the development, strength and distribution of the turbulence‐driven secondary flow, and it is demonstrated that A influences the primary flow, turbulence quantities and the transport and fate of fine sediments. The secondary flow locally supports or hinders the falling of fine sediment particles in a turbulent flow, which results in a non‐uniform deposition of fine sediments over the cross‐section. While the channel aspect ratio has a large influence on the distribution of suspended sediments within the cross‐section, its effect on the cross‐sectional averaged deposition is negligibly small. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

On the ability of large-scale hydrological models to simulate land use and land cover change impacts in Amazonian basins     

Daniel Andres Rodriguez  Javier Tomasella 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(10):1831-1846

ABSTRACT

The MHD-INPE model was applied in the Ji-Parana Basin, a 30 000 km² catchment located in the southwest of the Amazon Basin which has lost more than 50% of its forest since the 1980s, to simulate land use and land cover change impacts on runoff generation process and how they are related to basin topography. Simulation results agree with observational studies in the sense that fast response processes are significant in sub-basins with steep slopes while in basins with gentle topography, the impacts are most visible in slow-response hydrological processes. On the other hand, the model is not able to capture the dependence of LUCC impacts on spatial scales. These discrepancies are probably associated with limitations in the spatial representation of heterogeneities within the model, which become more relevant at larger scales. We also tested the hypothesis that secondary forest growth should be able to compensate the decrease in evapotranspiration due to forest–cropland or forest–grassland conversion at a regional scale. Results showed that despite the small fraction of secondary forest estimated on the basin, the higher evapotranspiration efficiency of this type of forest counterbalances a large fraction of the LUCC impacts on evapotranspiration. This result suggests that enhanced transpiration due to secondary forest could explain, at least in part, the lack of clear LUCC signals in discharge series at larger scales.