Lunar Laser Ranging: Glorious Past And A Bright Future   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter J. Shelus 《Surveys in Geophysics》2001,22(5-6):517-535

Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), a part of the NASA Apollo program, has beenon-going for more than 30 years. It provides the grist for a multi-disciplinarydata analysis mill. Results exist for solid Earth sciences, geodesy and geodynamics,solar system ephemerides, terrestrial and celestial reference frames, lunar physics,general relativity and gravitational theory. Combined with other data, it treatsprecession of the Earth's spin axis, lunar induced nutation, polar motion/Earthrotation, Earth orbit obliquity to the ecliptic, intersection of the celestial equatorwith the ecliptic, luni-solar solid body tides, lunar tidal deceleration, lunar physicaland free librations, structure of the moon and energy dissipation in the lunar interior.LLR provides input to lunar surface cartography and surveying, Earth station and lunar retroreflector location and motion, mass of the Earth-moon system, lunar and terrestrial gravity harmonics and Love numbers, relativistic geodesic precession, and the equivalence principle of general relativity. With the passive nature of the reflectors and steady improvement in observing equipment and data analysis, LLR continues to provide state-of-the-art results. Gains are steady as the data-base expands. After more than 30 years, LLR remains the only active Apollo experiment. It is important to recognize examples of efficient and cost effective progress of research. LLR is just such an example.  相似文献   

Spectral analysis of the full gravity tensor   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

R. Rummel  M. van  Gelderen 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,111(1):159-169

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Geodetic determination of crustal deformation across the Strait of Gibraltar     

W. Ian Reilly  Gabriele Fredrich  Günter W Hein  Herbert Landau  J. L. Almazán  J. L. Caturla 《Geophysical Journal International》1992,111(2):391-398

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Cartography and the others – aspects of a complicated relationship     

Wolfgang Kainz 《地球空间信息科学学报》2020,23(1):52-60

ABSTRACT

Cartographic visualizations have been known for thousands of years and have brought forth a wealth of different map projections and cartographic products. Yet, cartography as an independent science has been established only about 100 years ago and sometimes its position among the spatial disciplines is challenged by the scientific community. In this respect it is a young science based on a very long tradition of map making, globe production, and the development of map projections. Maps and map related visualizations play an important and indispensable role in many other spatial disciplines such as geography and geodesy. Cartography has many overlaps with these traditional disciplines as well as with the more recent ones of photogrammetry and remote sensing. This paper reviews fundamental aspects of the conception of space and time throughout human history, the historic development of cartography from a technique of map making to a spatial science, highlighting major milestones in the history of the discipline. As a young science and confronted with major technological developments in the late 20^th century cartography underwent several crises as to what exactly is cartography and how it relates to other spatial sciences, in particular to geographic information systems. Major pitfalls and misconceptions are discussed and the three major scientific pillars of cartography are identified. The relationships of cartography with neighboring disciplines are discussed and the position of cartography vis a vis the others is delineated. Finally, desirable future developments of scientific cartography are discussed.  相似文献   

Geospatial technologies for Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions     

Kaichang Di  Zhaoqin Liu  Wenhui Wan  Man Peng  Bin Liu  Yexin Wang 《地球空间信息科学学报》2020,23(1):87-97

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a brief overview of the geospatial technologies developed and applied in Chang’e-3 and Chang’e-4 lunar rover missions. Photogrammetric mapping techniques were used to produce topographic products of the landing site with meter level resolution using orbital images before landing, and to produce centimeter-resolution topographic products in near real-time after landing. Visual positioning techniques were used to determine the locations of the two landers using descent images and orbital basemaps immediately after landing. During surface operations, visual-positioning-based rover localization was performed routinely at each waypoint using Navcam images. The topographic analysis and rover localization results directly supported waypoint-to-waypoint path planning, science target selection and scientific investigations. A GIS-based digital cartography system was also developed to support rover teleoperation.  相似文献   

Lithospheric Tidal Effects from Observations in Deep Wells     

A. E. Rosaev  O. A. Esipko 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2003,87(1-2):203-207

A number of deep and superdeep wells have been drilled in Russia. The wells where all drilling activities have been finished, but the research activities still continue, are of a great scientific and practical interest for studying the present-day geological processes taking place in the Earth's interior. Vorotilovo deep well (VDW), drilled in a central part of Russian platform, is one of those wells-geolaboratories. The depth of the well is 5374 m, the temperature at the bottom is 95°C, open borehole in the range 689–5374 m.As a result of geophysical fields monitoring, the complex nature of spatio-temporal variations that depend on the influence of various natural factors was determined in the VDW.Lunar tides are one of the important factors that define the geophysical fields' variations in the VDW. The relation between temperature variations in the VDW and the tide (monthly) phase is detected. The dependence of such influence on the depth of measurement agrees with the model of 'layered' Earth where every layer has a particular response on tidal force.The continuation of the measurements, improvement of data analyses methods and extension of collaboration of specialists from different branches of science, are required in order to obtain more exact results and improve their interpretation.  相似文献   

Multiple Parameter Regularization: Numerical Solutions and Applications to the Determination of Geopotential from Precise Satellite Orbits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peiliang Xu  Yoichi Fukuda  Yumei Liu 《Journal of Geodesy》2006,80(1):17-27

Kaula’s rule of thumb has been used in producing geopotential models from space geodetic measurements, including the most recent models from satellite gravity missions CHAMP. Although Xu and Rummel (Manuscr Geod 20 8–20, 1994b) suggested an alternative regularization method by introducing a number of regularization parameters, no numerical tests have ever been conducted. We have compared four methods of regularization for the determination of geopotential from precise orbits of COSMIC satellites through simulations, which include Kaula’s rule of thumb, one parameter regularization and its iterative version, and multiple parameter regularization. The simulation results show that the four methods can indeed produce good gravitational models from the precise orbits of centimetre level. The three regularization methods perform much better than Kaula’s rule of thumb by a factor of 6.4 on average beyond spherical harmonic degree 5 and by a factor of 10.2 for the spherical harmonic degrees from 8 to 14 in terms of degree variations of root mean squared errors. The maximum componentwise improvement in the root mean squared error can be up to a factor of 60. The simplest version of regularization by multiplying a positive scalar with a unit matrix is sufficient to better determine the geopotential model. Although multiple parameter regularization is theoretically attractive and can indeed eliminate unnecessary regularization for some of the harmonic coefficients, we found that it only improved its one parameter version marginally in this COSMIC example in terms of the mean squared error.  相似文献   

现代测量工程学发展现状与展望     

李宗春 《测绘学院学报》2006,(2)

从工程控制测量、大比例尺数字测图、施工放样、工业测量系统、变形监测和工程专题信息系统等6个方面,介绍了测量工程学的发展现状及取得的成就。可以看出,GPS测量技术和测量机器人技术已成为工程测量的主要应用技术,贯穿于各种工程中及工程测量的全过程;工业测量系统是测量工程学科最具活力的发展方向,在国防工业武器装备制造中发挥了巨大的作用。结合我院实际情况和今后学科二期建设的目标,指出了未来工测专业的发展方向。  相似文献   

我国低钛月海型模拟月壤初始物质选择的地球化学依据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘春茹  王世杰  冯俊明  李雄耀  付绍洪  欧阳自远  郑永春 《矿物岩石》2007,27(3):28-33

以Apollo14月壤样品和美国JSC-1模拟月壤的地球化学特征为基础,结合我国低钛玄武岩火山的分布,对我国不同地区新生代玄武岩的化学成分、年龄、储量等方面进行对比分析结果表明,滇西北金沙江地区和吉林辉南红旗林场-四海地区的玄武质火山喷发物的化学成分与Apollo14月壤样品和美国JSC-1模拟月壤相似,比较适合用于我国低钛月海玄武岩模拟月壤研制的初始物质。野外地质调查发现,吉林省辉南县金川镇红旗林场—四海一带产出的玄武质火山渣为距今1600 a的该玄武质火山岩的喷发物,其储量大、质地纯、粒度均匀,而且比滇西北金沙江地区最近一期的玄武质火山渣新鲜,最适合作为我国低钛月海玄武岩模拟月壤研制的初始物质。  相似文献   

中国古代大地测量     

王树连吴娟  贾小林 《解放军测绘研究所学报》2007,27(4):48-53

古代测量是中国古代文明的重要组成部分，它是适应农耕与征战的需要最早发展起来的实用技术之一。中国大地测量源于距今近5000年的原始社会末期的三皇五帝时代。几千年来，中国大地测量经历了从步量、丈量到立杆测影、仪器观测的发展过程。距今2000年的西汉时期，发明了浑天仪，开始了使用仪器测量地面点地理坐标的新阶段。公元724年，僧人一行与南宫说在黄河中游的平坦地区进行了世界上最早的子午线测量。16世纪后期，意大利人利玛窦带来了西方的测量技术，从此开始了中国传统大地测量与西方测量方法并行、融合的进程。明末清初，利用天文测地的方法在全国范围内测定了几十个经纬度点，为地图绘制提供了控制基础。天圆地方是中国古代最典型宇宙观，是中国古代测量与制图中未能考虑地球曲率的认识根源。简言之，中国古代大地测量成就辉煌，特色明显，与西方古代测量并驾齐驱。  相似文献